-10 ℃条件下硝酸钙对铁铝酸盐水泥性能的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0876

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对负温环境下水泥基材料水化缓慢、强度发展受限的问题，本文系统研究了在-10 ℃养护条件下，硝酸钙掺量对铁铝酸盐水泥力学性能及微观结构的影响。通过测试不同硝酸钙掺量下水泥浆体的流动度、凝结时间、冰点及在-10 ℃下的抗压强度，并结合X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和压汞法（MIP）对其微观结构进行表征。结果表明，随着硝酸钙掺量增加，水泥浆体的流动度逐渐增大，凝结时间缩短。当硝酸钙掺量由0%增加至12%（质量分数）时，水泥浆体的流动度从159 mm提升至181 mm，初凝时间从53 min缩短至18 min，终凝时间从74 min缩短至23 min。此外，硝酸钙的掺入能够有效降低铁铝酸盐水泥浆体的冰点，保证水泥在负温下持续水化。在-10 ℃养护条件下，硝酸钙的掺入促进了水泥早期水化反应，提升水泥浆体抗压强度。28 d龄期时，抗压强度随硝酸钙掺量的增加呈先升后降的趋势，在硝酸钙掺量为8%时达到最大值47.2 MPa，较空白组提升约11.4倍。微观分析表明，适量的硝酸钙能够细化孔隙结构，提升体系的致密性，进而改善力学性能。然而，当掺量超过8%时，浆体内部易产生微裂纹，且钙矾石（AFt）晶体形貌受到破坏，导致结构致密性下降，进而削弱浆体的力学性能。

关键词: 铁铝酸盐水泥, 负温, 硝酸钙, 力学性能, 微观结构

Abstract:

This study systematically investigated the effect of calcium nitrate content on the mechanical properties and microstructure of ferroaluminate cement under the curing condition of -10 ℃， aiming to address the issues of slow hydration and limited strength development of cement-based materials under sub-zero temperatures conditions. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the fluidity， setting time， freezing point， and compressive strength at -10 ℃ of cement pastes with different calcium nitrate content. Microstructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）， scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP）. The results show that as the calcium nitrate content increases， the fluidity of the cement paste gradually improves and the setting time shortens. When the calcium nitrate content increases from 0% to 12% （mass fraction）， the fluidity of the cement paste increases from 159 mm to 181 mm， the initial setting time shortens from 53 min to 18 min， and the final setting time shortens from 74 min to 23 min. Moreover， the content of calcium nitrate effectively lowers the freezing point of the ferroaluminate cement paste， ensuring continuous hydration under sub-zero temperatures. Under curing conditions of -10 ℃， the content of calcium nitrate promotes the early hydration reaction of cement and improves the compressive strength of the paste. At 28 d， the compressive strength exhibits a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in calcium nitrate content， reaching a maximum value of 47.2 MPa at a calcium nitrate content of 8%， which is about 11.4 times higher than the control group. Microstructural analysis reveals that an appropriate amount of calcium nitrate refines the pore structure， enhances the compactness of the system， and thereby improves mechanical properties. However， when the content exceeds 8%， microcracks are prone to form within the paste， and the morphology of ettringite （AFt） crystals is disrupted， leading to decreased structural compactness and a subsequent reduction in mechanical properties of the paste.

Key words: ferroaluminate cement, sub-zero temperature, calcium nitrate, mechanical property, microstructure

中图分类号:

TQ172

许凯钦, 廖宜顺, 张普, 张冬, 齐冬有. -10 ℃条件下硝酸钙对铁铝酸盐水泥性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(2): 380-389.

XU Kaiqin, LIAO Yishun, ZHANG Pu, ZHANG Dong, QI Dongyou. Effect of Calcium Nitrate on Performance of Ferroaluminate Cement at -10 ℃[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 380-389.

图/表 12

表1 铁铝酸盐水泥的化学成分

Table 1 Chemical composition of FAC

Composition	CaO	Al₂O₃	SO₃	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	MgO	K₂O	Loss
Mass fraction/%	42.23	24.10	18.34	5.43	7.88	1.03	0.56	0.43

图1 铁铝酸盐水泥XRD谱

Fig.1 XRD pattern of FAC

表2 水泥浆体配合比

Table 2 Mix proportion of cement paste

Sample	Mass fraction/%			W/C
Sample	FAC	CN	PCE	W/C
CN0	100	0	0.1	0.3
CN6	94	6	0.1	0.3
CN8	92	8	0.1	0.3
CN10	90	10	0.1	0.3
CN12	88	12	0.1	0.3

图2 铁铝酸盐水泥浆体的LT-DSC曲线

Fig.2 LT-DSC curve of FAC paste

图3 硝酸钙掺量对铁铝酸盐水泥浆体流动度的影响

Fig.3 Effect of calcium nitrate content on fluidity of FAC paste

图4 硝酸钙掺量对铁铝酸盐水泥浆体凝结时间的影响

Fig.4 Effect of calcium nitrate content on setting time of FAC paste

图5 -10 ℃条件下硝酸钙掺量对铁铝酸盐水泥浆体抗压强度的影响

Fig.5 Effect of calcium nitrate content on compressive strength of FAC paste at -10 ℃

图6 不同硝酸钙掺量FAC浆体的LT-DSC曲线

Fig.6 LT-DSC curves of FAC paste with different calcium nitrate content

图7 硝酸钙掺量对铁铝酸盐水泥浆体熔化热的影响

Fig.7 Effect of calcium nitrate content on melting heat of FAC paste

图8 -10 ℃条件下不同硝酸钙掺量铁铝酸盐水泥浆体的XRD谱

Fig.8 XRD patterns of FAC paste with different calcium nitrate content at -10 ℃

图9 -10 ℃条件下养护28 d后铁铝酸盐水泥浆体的SEM照片

Fig.9 SEM images of FAC paste after 28 d curing at -10 ℃

图10 -10 ℃条件下养护28 d后水泥浆体的孔结构变化

Fig.10 Changes in pore structure of cement paste after 28 d curing at -10 ℃

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