地聚物轻质防火涂料制备及其防火性能研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2024.1621

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 钢结构在现代建筑中应用广泛,但在高温火灾环境下,钢结构的力学性能会迅速损失,可能造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,因此对钢结构进行防火保护至关重要。本文以偏高岭土、矿粉为原料,1.5模钾水玻璃为激发剂,过氧化氢溶液为发泡剂,MnO₂作为催化剂,油酸钠为稳泡剂,制备了偏高岭土基地聚物轻质防火涂料(简称防火涂料),研究过氧化氢溶液掺量对防火涂料干密度、导热系数、孔隙率、抗压强度、黏结强度的影响,并进行耐火极限测试评价防火涂料的防火性能,采用Micro-CT对试样耐火极限测试前后的孔结构进行对比分析,使用XRD、TG-DSC、SEM-EDX分析试样在高温火灾过程中的物相与微观结构演变,探究其防火机理。结果表明,当过氧化氢溶液掺量为1.5%(质量分数)时,试样的干密度、抗压强度、黏结强度均优于《钢结构防火涂料》(GB 14907—2018),导热系数低至0.132 W/(m·K)。防火涂料涂覆厚度为15 mm、过氧化氢溶液掺量为1.5%(质量分数)时,试样在1 300 ℃火焰下进行120 min耐火极限测试后钢板背面温度为162 ℃,具有优异的防火性能。在耐火极限测试中,防火涂料表面发生陶瓷化转变,这减轻了火焰对内部孔结构的破坏,有助于发挥防火涂料的防火性能。防火涂料在高温下发生陶瓷化转变,生成多种耐高温矿相,有效提高了防火涂料的防火性能。

关键词: 地聚物轻质防火涂料, 孔结构, 导热系数, 黏结强度, 耐火极限

Abstract: Steel structures are widely used in modern architecture, but under high-temperature fire environment, the mechanical properties of steel structure will be rapidly lost, which may cause severe casualties and properties losses, so it is vital to protect steel structures from fire. In this study, metakaolin-based geopolymer lightweight fire resistant coating (referred to as fire resistant coating) was prepared by using metakaolin and slag as raw materials, 1.5-mode potassium water glass as alkaline activator, hydrogen peroxide solution as foaming agent, MnO₂ as catalyst, and sodium oleate as form stabilization agent. The effect of content of hydrogen peroxide solution on the dry density, thermal conductivity, porosity, compressive strength, and adhesive strength of fire resistant coatings was investigated, and the fire resistance limit test was performed to examine the practical fireproof performance of the fire resistant coating. Micro-CT was employed to perform a comparative analysis of the pore structure in specimens before and after fire resistance limit test. And XRD, TG-DSC, and SEM-EDX were employed to characterize the phase transformation and microstructure evolution of the samples during high-temperature fire, elucidating the fire resistance mechanism. The results indicate that when the content of hydrogen peroxide solution is 1.5% (mass fraction), the dry density, compressive strength, and adhesive strength of sample are all better than the requirements of “Fire resistive coating for steel structure” (GB 14907—2018) and the thermal conductivity is as low as 0.132 W/(m·K).When the coating thickness of the fire resistant coating is 15 mm and the content of hydrogen peroxide solution is 1.5% (mass fraction), the back temperature of sample steel plate is 162 ℃ after 120 min fire resistance test under 1 300 ℃ flame, which has excellent fireproof resistance. During the fire resistance limit test, the ceramization transformation on the surface of the fire retardant coating, which reduces the damage of the flame to the internal pore structure and contributes to the fireproof performance of the fire retardant coating. The fire resistant coating undergoes ceramization transformation at high-temperature to form multiphase heat-resistance ceramics, which improves the fire resistance of the fire resistant coating.

Key words: geopolymer lightweight fire resistant coating, pore structure, thermal conductivity, adhesive strength, fire resistance limit

中图分类号:

TU545

朱义洋, 耿海宁, 李宗刚, 马浩森, 罗阳, 陈伟, 李秋. 地聚物轻质防火涂料制备及其防火性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(8): 3049-3060.

ZHU Yiyang, GENG Haining, LI Zonggang, MA Haosen, LUO Yang, CHEN Wei, LI Qiu. Preparation and Fireproof Performance of Geopolymer Lightweight Fire Resistant Coating[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(8): 3049-3060.

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