纤维增强混凝土的轴压损伤与声发射特性分析

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0290

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究聚丙烯仿钢纤维及其与钢纤维混杂纤维对混凝土力学性能的影响，设计素混凝土（NC）、聚丙烯仿钢纤维混凝土（PFRC-0.5、PFRC-1）、混杂纤维混凝土（PSRC-1），并通过单轴压缩力学试验结合声发射监测技术对混凝土轴压力学性能及损伤演化规律进行探究。结果表明：混杂纤维混凝土（PSRC-1）抗压强度较素混凝土提升23.11%，韧性显著增强；声发射振铃计数与应力-应变曲线具有良好相关性，可有效反映混凝土轴心受压过程的各个阶段，可为纤维混凝土损伤监测与破坏机制提供声发射特征参考；PSRC-1试件全局声发射b值最高，较素混凝土提高0.42，表明混杂纤维具有良好的能量耗散能力；掺入纤维促使破坏模式向剪切破坏转变，声发射信号向低频段（50~100 kHz）集中。

关键词: 纤维增强混凝土, 聚丙烯仿钢纤维, 钢纤维, 声发射, 声发射b值, 聚类分析

Abstract:

In order to explore the influence of polypropylene imitation steel fiber and steel fiber hybrid fiber on the mechanical properties of concrete， plain concrete （NC）， polypropylene imitation steel fiber concrete （PFRC-0.5， PFRC-1） and hybrid fiber concrete （PSRC-1） were designed， and the mechanical properties and damage evolution law of concrete under axial compression were explored by uniaxial compression mechanical test combined with acoustic emission monitoring technology. The results show that the compressive strength of hybrid fiber concrete （PSRC-1） is 23.11% higher than that of plain concrete， and the toughness is significantly enhanced. The acoustic emission ring-down count has a good correlation with the stress-strain curve， which can effectively reflect the various stages of axial compression process of concrete， and can provide an acoustic emission characteristic reference for the damage monitoring and failure mechanism of fiber reinforced concrete. The global acoustic emission b-value of PSRC-1 specimen is the highest， which is 0.42 higher than that of plain concrete， indicating that the hybrid fiber has good energy dissipation ability. The incorporation of fiber promotes the failure mode to shear failure， and the acoustic emission signal is concentrated in the low frequency band （50 kHz to 100 kHz）.

Key words: fiber-reinforced concrete, polypropylene imitation steel fiber, steel fiber, acoustic emission, acoustic emission b-value, cluster analysis

中图分类号:

TU528.58

刁嘉龙, 王嘉成, 王强, 王南, 尹国安, 张伟. 纤维增强混凝土的轴压损伤与声发射特性分析[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(9): 3109-3116.

DIAO Jialong, WANG Jiacheng, WANG Qiang, WANG Nan, YIN Guoan, ZHANG Wei. Analysis of Axial Compression Damage and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(9): 3109-3116.

图/表 10

表1 纤维力学性能及尺寸

Table 1 Mechanical properties and dimension of fiber

Type	Diameter d/ mm	Length L/ mm	Aspect ratio L/d	Tensile strength/MPa
Steel fiber	0.75	35	46	1 100
Polypropylene imitation steel fiber	0.65	40	61	600

表2 混凝土配合比

Table 2 Mix proportion of concrete

Sample No.	Steel fiber content/%	Polypropylene imitation fiber content/%	Mix proportion/（kg·m^-3）
Sample No.	Steel fiber content/%	Polypropylene imitation fiber content/%	Cement	Fly ash	Sand	Crushed stone	Water reducer	Water
NC	0	0	340	80	900	910	9.4	178
PFRC-0.5	0	0.5	340	80	900	910	9.8	178
PFRC-1	0	1.0	340	80	900	910	10.6	178
PSRC-1	0.5	0.5	340	80	900	910	10.0	178

图1 试验装置及传感器定位图

Fig.1 Experimental setup and sensor positioning diagram

图2 混凝土应力-应变曲线

Fig.2 Stress-strain curves of concrete

图3 混凝土抗压韧性示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of compressive toughness of concrete

表3 混凝土应力-应变曲线下面积

Table 3 Area under stress-strain curve in concrete

Sample No.	$Ω$	$Ω 0.85$	$Ω 0.50$	$Ω 0.20$
NC	0.107 95	0.124 23	0.138 45	0.157 08
PFRC-0.5	0.145 17	0.180 12	0.217 32	0.224 71
PFRC-1	0.172 59	0.198 79	0.210 82	0.252 41
PSRC-1	0.210 33	0.227 45	0.227 94	0.291 35

表3 混凝土应力-应变曲线下面积

Table 3 Area under stress-strain curve in concrete

Sample No.	$Ω$	$Ω 0.85$	$Ω 0.50$	$Ω 0.20$
NC	0.107 95	0.124 23	0.138 45	0.157 08
PFRC-0.5	0.145 17	0.180 12	0.217 32	0.224 71
PFRC-1	0.172 59	0.198 79	0.210 82	0.252 41
PSRC-1	0.210 33	0.227 45	0.227 94	0.291 35

图4 声发射振铃计数

Fig.4 Ring-down count in acoustic emission

图5 声发射幅值-频度分布特征

Fig.5 Distribution characteristics of acoustic emission amplitude-frequency

表4 声发射b值拟合参数

Table 4 Fitting parameters of acoustic emission b-value

Sample No.	a	b	R²
NC	21.06	3.34	0.997 42
PFRC-0.5	20.19	3.49	0.995 34
PFRC-1	19.91	3.51	0.996 45
PSRC-1	19.89	3.76	0.992 13

图6 幅值-峰值频率分布特征

Fig.6 Distribution characteristic of amplitude-peak frequency

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