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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2466-2477.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1229

• 资源综合利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

多因素交互作用下固废基生态矿区充填材料的制备及性能研究

郝贠洪1,2,3(), 佟海岩1(), 王栋民4, 孙浩1, 杜根杰5   

  1. 1.内蒙古工业大学土木工程学院,呼和浩特 010051
    2.内蒙古自治区建筑检测鉴定与安全评估工程技术研究中心,呼和浩特 010051
    3.内蒙古自治区土木工程绿色建造与智能运维重点实验室,呼和浩特 010051
    4.中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京 100083
    5.北京固废通固废资源化利用有限公司,北京 100071
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-10 修订日期:2026-01-03 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 通信作者: 佟海岩,博士研究生。E-mail:20231100350@imut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:郝贠洪(1977—),男,博士,教授。主要从事固废资源化利用及绿色工程材料研发与应用的研究。E-mail:Haoyunhong@imut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0014);内蒙古自然科学基金重点项目(2024ZD24);内蒙古自治区基本科研业务费项目(ZTY2025048)

Preparation and Properties of Solid Waste-Based Ecological Mine Backfill Materials under Multi-Factor Interactions

HAO Yunhong1,2,3(), TONG Haiyan1(), WANG Dongmin4, SUN Hao1, DU Genjie5   

  1. 1.School of Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China
    2.Engineering Technology Research Center for Construction Testing,Appraisal,and Safety Assessment of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010051,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Green Construction and Intelligent Operation & Maintenance of Civil Engineering of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010051,China
    4.School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
    5.Beijing Gutuotong Solid Waste Resource Utilization Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100071,China
  • Received:2025-12-10 Revised:2026-01-03 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-08-13

摘要:

本研究以粉煤灰与脱硫石膏为主要原料,制备了多固废、大发泡、高流变、中强度的固废基生态矿区充填材料。分析了水胶比、粉煤灰掺量、发泡倍率等因素对充填材料坍落扩展度和28 d抗压强度的影响,通过流动性试验、强度试验、微观结构试验等方法研究了固废基生态矿区充填材料的性能。结果表明,材料的基础配比为:水胶比0.51~0.55、粉煤灰掺量55%~60%(质量分数)、脱硫石膏掺量15%~20%(质量分数)、发泡倍率2.0~3.0倍、减水剂掺量0.6%~0.8%(质量分数)。此时材料的坍落扩展度为226~273 mm、28 d抗压强度为2.11~5.93 MPa。当固废掺量为60%~70%时,脱硫石膏与粉煤灰形成质量比近似为1∶4的协同体系,生成的水化硅酸钙凝胶与钙矾石交错紧密,微观结构证实了材料宏观力学性能得到提高。水化产物可有效固封重金属,生态风险低,符合矿区充填的环境安全要求。

关键词: 固废基生态材料, 矿区充填, 力学性能, 流变性能, 微观结构

Abstract:

Using fly ash and desulfurization gypsum as the main raw materials, a multi-solid waste, high foaming, high rheological, medium-strength solid waste-based ecological mine filling material was prepared in this paper. The influences of water-binder ratio, fly ash content, foaming ratio and other factor on the slump flow and 28 d compressive strength of backfill material were analyzed. The properties of solid waste-based ecological mine backfill material were studied through fluidity tests, strength tests, and microstructure tests. The results indicate that the basic mix proportion of material is as follows: water-binder ratio of 0.51 to 0.55, fly ash content of 55% to 60% (mass fraction), desulfurization gypsum content of 15% to 20% (mass fraction), foaming ratio of 2.0 times to 3.0 times, and water reducer content of 0.6% to 0.8% (mass fraction). At this mix proportion, the slump flow of the material is 226 mm to 273 mm and the 28 d compressive strength is 2.11 MPa to 5.93 MPa. When the solid waste content is 60% to 70%, desulfurization gypsum and fly ash form a synergistic system with a mass ratio of approximately 1∶4, generating an interlocking structure of calcium silicate hydrate gel and ettringite. The microstructure confirms that the macroscopic mechanical properties of material have been improved. The hydration products can effectively immobilize heavy metals, with low ecological risk, meeting the environmental safety requirements for mine backfill.

Key words: solid waste-based ecological material, mine backfill, mechanical property, rheological property, microstructure

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