硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1208-1219.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0892
收稿日期:2025-09-05
修订日期:2025-11-13
出版日期:2026-04-20
发布日期:2026-05-14
通信作者:
唐振中,博士,正高级工程师。E-mail:tangzhenzhong@cr-bmt.com作者简介:吴捷(1997—),女。主要从事建筑材料方面的研究。E-mail:2460034140@qq.com
WU Jie(
), TANG Zhenzhong(
), DEI Kai, YAO Yong
Received:2025-09-05
Revised:2025-11-13
Published:2026-04-20
Online:2026-05-14
摘要:
为满足3D打印混凝土连续化作业对抗压强度和凝结时间等性能的要求,本文采用葡萄糖酸钠和柠檬酸钠复配缓凝剂的方式,通过测试复合浆体流变特性、抗压强度及凝结时间等性能,成功制备了可同时满足可打印性、可建造性、抗压强度及凝结时间的3D打印混凝土。结果表明:当柠檬酸钠和葡萄糖酸钠掺量在0.02%~0.10%(质量分数)、复配缓凝剂总掺量在0.10%和0.12%时,均可有效延缓水泥水化,初凝、终凝时间相较对照组分别增长了32~42 min和34~50 min;复配缓凝剂总掺量变化对不同组分间凝结时间、早期强度及流变特性的影响并不显著,但柠檬酸钠与葡萄糖酸钠的占比变化,对3D打印混凝土的凝结时间、早期强度及流变特性影响较为显著。当柠檬酸钠与葡萄糖酸钠掺量在1∶1~2∶1时,3D打印混凝土整体性能较优。同时,利用复合缓凝剂制备的3D打印混凝土成功实现了预制叠合楼板边模的连续化打印。
中图分类号:
吴捷, 唐振中, 邓恺, 姚勇. 复掺缓凝剂对3D打印混凝土建造性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(4): 1208-1219.
WU Jie, TANG Zhenzhong, DEI Kai, YAO Yong. Influence of Composite Retarder on Construction Performance of 3D Printing Concrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1208-1219.
| Material | Setting time/min | Compressive strength/MPa | Flexural strength/MPa | Specific surface area/(kg·m-3) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial setting time | Final setting time | 3 d | 28 d | 3 d | 28 d | ||
| OPC | 138 | 186 | 35.2 | 68.1 | 6.2 | 9.0 | 363 |
| HBC | 23 | 27 | 25.8 | 44.1 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 485 |
表1 OPC和HBC的物理性能
Table 1 Physical properties of OPC and HBC
| Material | Setting time/min | Compressive strength/MPa | Flexural strength/MPa | Specific surface area/(kg·m-3) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial setting time | Final setting time | 3 d | 28 d | 3 d | 28 d | ||
| OPC | 138 | 186 | 35.2 | 68.1 | 6.2 | 9.0 | 363 |
| HBC | 23 | 27 | 25.8 | 44.1 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 485 |
| Sample No. | Mass/g | Mass fraction/% | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPC | HBC | FA | HPMC | SP | Water | Sand | SC | SG | |
| Reference | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0 | 0 |
| SCG1 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
| SCG2 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
| SCG3 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| SCG4 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
| SCG5 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
| SCG6 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| SCG7 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| SCG8 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
表2 3D打印混凝土配合比
Table 2 Mix proportions of 3D printing concrete
| Sample No. | Mass/g | Mass fraction/% | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPC | HBC | FA | HPMC | SP | Water | Sand | SC | SG | |
| Reference | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0 | 0 |
| SCG1 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
| SCG2 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
| SCG3 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| SCG4 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
| SCG5 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
| SCG6 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| SCG7 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| SCG8 | 500 | 350 | 150 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 300 | 1 100 | 0.10 | 0.02 |
| Inspection item | Standard requirement | Performance | Inspection standard | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outflow fluidity/mm | 180~200 | 195 | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Inital setting time/min | — | 51 | JGJ/T 70—2009 | |
| Final setting time/min | — | 85 | JGJ/T 70—2009 | |
| Printable time/min | — | 25 | Field measurement | |
| Compressive strength(on-site sampling)/MPa | 6 h | — | 11.2 | T/CECS 786—2020 |
| 8 h | — | 15.7 | ||
| 28 d | ≥30 | 54.8 | ||
| Extrudability | Continuous, uniform, unobstructed, and free of significant cracking | Continuous, uniform, unobstructed, and free of significant cracking | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Stand ability | Shape remains stable and does not collapse after extrusion | Shape remains stable and does not collapse after extrusion | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Interlayer bonding strength/MPa | ≥1.5 | 3.4 | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Interlayer splitting strength/MPa | ≥1 | 2.8 | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Printing strength reduction rate/% | ≤20 | -3 | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| 28 d drying shrinkage | — | 273×10-6 | GB/T 50082—2024 | |
表3 工程应用中3D打印混凝土性能
Table 3 Performance of 3D printing concrete in engineering applications
| Inspection item | Standard requirement | Performance | Inspection standard | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outflow fluidity/mm | 180~200 | 195 | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Inital setting time/min | — | 51 | JGJ/T 70—2009 | |
| Final setting time/min | — | 85 | JGJ/T 70—2009 | |
| Printable time/min | — | 25 | Field measurement | |
| Compressive strength(on-site sampling)/MPa | 6 h | — | 11.2 | T/CECS 786—2020 |
| 8 h | — | 15.7 | ||
| 28 d | ≥30 | 54.8 | ||
| Extrudability | Continuous, uniform, unobstructed, and free of significant cracking | Continuous, uniform, unobstructed, and free of significant cracking | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Stand ability | Shape remains stable and does not collapse after extrusion | Shape remains stable and does not collapse after extrusion | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Interlayer bonding strength/MPa | ≥1.5 | 3.4 | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Interlayer splitting strength/MPa | ≥1 | 2.8 | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| Printing strength reduction rate/% | ≤20 | -3 | T/CECS 786—2020 | |
| 28 d drying shrinkage | — | 273×10-6 | GB/T 50082—2024 | |
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