促凝早强剂对喷射混凝土性能的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0921

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对普通喷射混凝土凝结时间长、极早期强度发展速率较慢等问题，本文采用自制促凝早强剂对其进行改性，研究促凝早强剂对水泥净浆凝结时间、喷射混凝土工作性能和力学性能的影响，并借助水化热、X射线衍射（XRD）、热重（TG-DTG）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试对其改性机理进行分析。结果表明：促凝早强剂的掺入会略微降低混凝土工作性能，但能显著改善喷射混凝土的促凝效果和力学性能。当促凝早强剂掺量为4%（质量分数）时，混凝土坍落度降低至185 mm；与未掺促凝早强剂组相比，初凝时间和终凝时间分别缩短50.0%和45.5%；3 h、8 h、1 d和28 d抗压强度分别提高128.6%、79.7%、26.7%和2.6%。机理分析表明：促凝早强剂中硫铝酸盐熟料和纳米材料可显著加快水泥浆体水化进程，促进针棒状钙矾石（AFt）和絮状水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）凝胶等水化产物的生成，使混凝土内部结构更加密实，从而有效提升喷射混凝土的促凝效果和力学性能。

关键词: 喷射混凝土, 促凝早强剂, 凝结时间, 工作性能, 力学性能, 改性机理

Abstract:

In view of the problems of ordinary shotcrete， such as prolong setting time and slow development rate of extremely early strength， a self-made setting accelerator and early strength agent was employed for modification. The effects of accelerator and early strength agent on setting time of cement paste， workability and mechanical properties of shotcrete were investigated， and the modification mechanism was analyzed by means of tests such as hydration heat， X-ray diffraction （XRD）， thermogravimetric （TG-DTG） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that the in corporation of the accelerator and early strength agent slightly reduces the workability of concrete， it can significantly improve the setting accelerator effect and mechanical properties of shotcrete. When the dosage of the accelerator and early strength agent is 4%（mass fraction）， its slump decreases to 185 mm. Compared with the group without the accelerator and early strength agent， the initial setting time and final setting time are shortened by 50.0% and 45.5% respectively. The compressive strength at 3 h， 8 h， 1 d and 28 d increased by 128.6%， 79.7%， 26.7% and 2.6% respectively. Mechanism analysis indicates that the sulphoaluminate clinker and nanomaterials in the accelerator and early strength agent can significantly accelerate the hydration process of the cement paste， promoting the formation of hydration products such as needle-rod-like ettringite （AFt） and flocculent calcium silicate hydrate （C-S-H） gel， and make the internal structure of the concrete more dense， thereby effectively improving the accelerating setting effect and mechanical properties of shotcrete.

Key words: shotcrete, accelerator and early strength agent, setting time, workability, mechanical property, modification mechanism

中图分类号:

TU528.53

李顺凯, 陈荣辉, 董勋, 窦华康, 孙凤品. 促凝早强剂对喷射混凝土性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(4): 1184-1192.

LI Shunkai, CHEN Ronghui, DONG Xun, DOU Huakang, SUN Fengpin. Effect of Accelerator and Early Strength Agent on Properties of Shotcrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1184-1192.

图/表 15

表1 普通硅酸盐水泥的矿物组成

Table 1 Mineral composition of ordinary Portland cement

Mineral composition	C₃S	C₂S	C₃A	C₄AF	Other
Mass fraction/%	58.61	18.67	6.45	11.05	5.23

表2 普通硅酸盐水泥的化学组成

Table 2 Chemical composition of ordinary Portland cement

Chemical composition	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	MgO	Na₂O	K₂O	SO₃	TiO₂	Other
Mass fraction/%	61.36	22.92	5.97	3.75	0.97	0.12	0.70	3.02	0.39	0.80

表3 普通硅酸盐水泥的物理性能

Table 3 Physical properties of ordinary Portland cement

Physical property	Initial setting time/min	Final setting time/min	3 d compressive strength/MPa	28 d compressive strength/MPa
Measured value	133	246	29.0	45.3

表4 无碱液体速凝剂主要参数

Table 4 Main parameters of alkali-free liquid accelerator

Performance indicator	Solid mass fraction/%	pH value	Initial setting time/min	Final setting time/min	Compressive strength/MPa
Performance indicator	Solid mass fraction/%	pH value	Initial setting time/min	Final setting time/min	1 d	28 d
Measured value	49.0	2.21	4.3	10.6	7.3	46.7

图1 原材料的宏观形貌

Fig.1 Macrostructure of raw matericals

表5 水泥净浆配合比

Table 5 Mix ratio of cement paste

Sample No.	Mix ratio/（kg·m^-3）
Sample No.	Cement	Water	Accelerator and early strength agent	Accelerator
A0	400	140	0	24
A1	400	140	4	24
A2	400	140	8	24
A3	400	140	12	24
A4	400	140	16	24
A5	400	140	20	24

表6 喷射混凝土配合比

Table 6 Mix proportion of shotcrete

Sample No.	Mix proportion/（kg·m^-3）
Sample No.	Cement	Water	Sand	Stone	Water reducer	Accelerator andearly strength agent	Accelerator
C0	479	187	876	808	4.79	0	28.74
C1	479	187	876	808	4.79	4.79	28.74
C2	479	187	876	808	4.79	9.58	28.74
C3	479	187	876	808	4.79	14.37	28.74
C4	479	187	876	808	4.79	19.16	28.74
C5	479	187	876	808	4.79	23.95	28.74

图2 促凝早强剂对水泥净浆凝结时间的影响

Fig.2 Effect of accelerator and early strength agent on setting time of cement paste

图3 促凝早强剂对喷射混凝土工作性能的影响

Fig.3 Effect of accelerator and early strength agent on workability of shotcrete

图4 促凝早强剂对喷射混凝土力学性能的影响

Fig.4 Effect of accelerator and early strength agent on mechanical properties of shotcrete

图5 水泥水化放热曲线

Fig.5 Cement hydration heat release curves

图6 不同水化龄期水泥浆体的XRD谱

Fig.6 XRD patterns of cement paste at difference hydration ages

图7 不同水化龄期水泥浆体的TG-DTG曲线

Fig.7 TG-DTG curves of cement paste at difference hydration ages

表7 掺促凝早强剂水泥浆体失重百分比

Table 7 Weight loss percentage of cement paste with accelerator and early strength agent

Accelerator and early strength agentmass fraction/%	Temperature/℃	Weight loss percentage/%
Accelerator and early strength agentmass fraction/%	Temperature/℃	8 h	1 d
0	50~120	4.7	4.8
0	390~450	—	4.9
1	50~120	4.9	5.5
1	390~450	—	4.6
4	50~120	5.2	6.1
4	390~450	—	4.2

图8 不同水化龄期水泥浆体的SEM照片

Fig.8 SEM images of cement paste at difference hydration ages

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