水玻璃铸造废砂对碱-矿渣材料砂浆性能的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0587

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究通过制备100和800 ℃两种热处理的水玻璃铸造废砂(SwFS, 分别为记为SwFS₁和SwFS₈),探究SwFS对碱-矿渣砂浆材料(AASM)砂浆性能的影响。结果表明,SwFS中干燥水玻璃涂层(DWC)的可溶性和含量决定了AASM砂浆的整体性能,两种SwFS均能增加AASM砂浆的流动度。特别是高溶解度的SwFS₁,能加速水化产物的形成,有效细化孔隙结构,从而显著提高AASM砂浆的微观力学性能。由于夹层界面的复杂性,AASM砂浆的抗压强度随SwFS₁掺量的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,当SwFS₁掺量为60%(质量分数)时抗压强度最优,3、7和28 d抗压强度分别提高44.5%、41.0%和49.4%。相较SwFS₁,SwFS₈溶解度较低,SwFS₈对AASM砂浆抗压强度的增强作用有所减弱;但DWC煅烧后形成的硬化壳,使三明治状界面中的界面过渡区(ITZ)弹性模量增强,从而添加100%(质量分数)SwFS₈的AASM砂浆抗压强度略高于对照组,28 d时抗压强度增幅为9.1%。

关键词: 水玻璃铸造废砂, 碱-矿渣材料, 界面过渡区, 弹性模量, 抗压强度

Abstract: In this study, spent waterglass foundry sand (SwFS, denoted as SwFS₁ and SwFS₈, respectively) with two heat treatments of 100 and 800 ℃ were prepared to explore effect of SwFS on the properties of alkali-activated slag material (AASM) mortar. The results show that the solubility and content of dry waterglass coating (DWC) in SwFS determine the overall performance of AASM mortar, and both SwFS can increase the fluidity of AASM mortar. In particular, SwFS₁ with high solubility can accelerate the formation of hydration products and effectively refine the pore structure, thus significantly improving the micro-mechanical properties of AASM mortar. Due to the complexity of the interlayer interface, the compressive strength of AASM mortar increases first and then decreases with the increase of SwFS₁ content. When the SwFS₁ content is 60% (mass fraction), the compressive strength is the best, and the 3, 7 and 28 d compressive strength increases by 44.5%, 41.0% and 49.4%, respectively. Compared with SwFS₁, the solubility of SwFS₈ is lower, and enhancement effect of SwFS₈ on the compressive strength of AASM mortar is weakened. However, the hardened shell formed after DWC calcination enhances the elastic modulus of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in the sandwich-like interface, so that the compressive strength of AASM mortar with 100% (mass fraction) SwFS₈ is slightly higher than that of the control group, and the compressive strength increases by 9.1 % at 28 d.

Key words: spent waterglass foundry sand, alkali-activated slag material, interfacial transition zone, elastic modulus, compressive strength

中图分类号:

TQ177

孙方, 荞麦麦. 水玻璃铸造废砂对碱-矿渣材料砂浆性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(12): 4425-4435.

SUN Fang, QIAO Maimai. Effect of Spent Waterglass Foundry Sand on Performance of Alkali-Activated Slag Material Mortar[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(12): 4425-4435.

参考文献

[1] WANG C, CHEN P Y, XU Y, et al. Investigation on the utilization of spent waterglass foundry sand into Ca(OH)₂-activated slag materials considering the coating layer of dried waterglass[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 329: 127180.
[2] TORRES A, BARTLETT L, PILGRIM C. Effect of foundry waste on the mechanical properties of Portland Cement Concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 135: 674-681.
[3] 张虎元, 谭煜, 何东进, 等. 石英砂掺量对膨润土-砂混合物泥浆样干缩开裂的控制机制[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(2): 277-285.
ZHANG H Y, TAN Y, HE D J, et al. Influence mechanism of quartz sand content on drying shrinkage and crack of paste-like bentonite-sand mixtures as buffer/backfill materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(2): 277-285 (in Chinese).
[4] 刘晓燕, 刘路路, 蔡国军, 等. 温度和盐/碱作用下膨润土-砂-石墨缓冲材料膨胀力性能演化[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2023, 45(12): 2463-2471.
LIU X Y, LIU L L, CAI G J, et al. Evolution of swelling pressure properties of bentonite-sand-graphite buffer materials under action of temperature and salt/alkali[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2023, 45(12): 2463-2471 (in Chinese).
[5] YAGHOUBI E, ARULRAJAH A, YAGHOUBI M, et al. Shear strength properties and stress-strain behavior of waste foundry sand[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 249: 118761.
[6] DOS SANTOS L F, MAGALHÃES R S, BARRETO S S, et al. Characterization and reuse of spent foundry sand in the production of concrete for interlocking pavement[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2021, 36: 102098.
[7] KHATIB J M, ELLIS D J. Mechanical properties of concrete containing foundry sand[J]. ACI Symposium Publication, 2001, 200: 733-748.
[8] BHARDWAJ B, KUMAR P. Waste foundry sand in concrete: a review[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 156: 661-674.
[9] SIDDIQUE R, KAUR G, RAJOR A. Waste foundry sand and its leachate characteristics[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2010, 54(12): 1027-1036.
[10] KRAUS R N, NAIK T R, RAMME B W, et al. Use of foundry silica-dust in manufacturing economical self-consolidating concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2009, 23(11): 3439-3442.
[11] 王晴, 李天如, 张强, 等. 碱性激发剂对不同含钙体系地聚水泥水化性能的影响研究[J]. 混凝土, 2021(4): 1-4.
WANG Q, LI T R, ZHANG Q, et al. Effect of alkaline activator on the hydration properties of geopolymer cement with different calcium containing systems[J]. Concrete, 2021(4): 1-4 (in Chinese).
[12] 郑伟豪, 何娟, 伍勇华, 等. 活性MgO对碱矿渣水泥收缩性能的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(10): 81-88.
ZHENG W H, HE J, WU Y H, et al. Effect of reactive MgO on the shrinkage property of alkali-activated slag cement[J]. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(10): 81-88 (in Chinese).
[13] 崔佳, 陈俊伟, 夏中升, 等. 水溶蚀作用下水泥-水玻璃双液浆力学性能衰减机理研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(10): 3470-3478.
CUI J, CHEN J W, XIA Z S, et al. Mechanical property attenuation mechanism of cement-sodium silicate double liquid slurry under water corrosion[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2023, 42(10): 3470-3478 (in Chinese).
[14] YUAN X H, CHEN W, LU Z A, et al. Shrinkage compensation of alkali-activated slag concrete and microstructural analysis[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 66: 422-428.
[15] DE CARVALHO GOMES S, NGUYEN Q D, LI W G, et al. Effects of mix composition on the mechanical, physical and durability properties of alkali-activated calcined clay/slag concrete cured under ambient condition[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2024, 453: 139064.
[16] 李尚坤, 陈佩圆, 王成, 等. 废水玻璃型砂掺量对碱矿渣材料抗压强度的影响[J]. 混凝土, 2022(7): 117-120.
LI S K, CHEN P Y, WANG C, et al. Investigation on the influence of the dosage of spent waterglass foundry sand on the compressive strength of alkali-activated slag materials[J]. Concrete, 2022(7): 117-120 (in Chinese).
[17] 龙武剑, 吴卓锐, 韦经杰, 等. 有机膦酸盐对碱矿渣胶凝材料铅离子固化性能的提升作用[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(13): 117-124.
LONG W J, WU Z R, WEI J J, et al. The enhanced lead(Ⅱ) ions stabilization of alkali-activated slag-based materials with appropriate addition of phosphonate[J]. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(13): 117-124 (in Chinese).
[18] ASTM International. Standard test method for flow of hydraulic cement mortar: ASTM C1437—20[S]. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2020.
[19] OLIVER W C, PHARR G M. An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments[J]. Journal of Materials Research, 1992, 7(6): 1564-1583.
[20] LIU Q, ZHANG J K, SU Y W, et al. Variation in polymerization degree of C-A-S-H gels and its role in strength development of alkali-activated slag binders[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater Sci Ed, 2021, 36(6): 871-879.
[21] BERNAL S A, PROVIS J L, ROSE V, et al. Evolution of binder structure in sodium silicate-activated slag-metakaolin blends[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2011, 33(1): 46-54.
[22] CHANG J J. A study on the setting characteristics of sodium silicate-activated slag pastes[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2003, 33(7): 1005-1011.
[23] PUERTAS F, PALACIOS M, MANZANO H, et al. A model for the C-A-S-H gel formed in alkali-activated slag cements[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2011, 31(12): 2043-2056.
[24] 王鑫, 管民生, 杭熙茹, 等. 机制砂再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度试验研究[J]. 混凝土, 2024(9): 89-93.
WANG X, GUAN M S, HANG X R, et al. Experimental study on compressive strength of recycled coarse aggregate concrete with manufactured sand[J]. Concrete, 2024(9): 89-93 (in Chinese).
[25] 韩丹丹, 陈永辉, 孔纲强, 等. 固废基人工骨料混凝土的力学性能[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2025, 28(5): 449-457.
HAN D D, CHEN Y H, KONG G Q, et al. Mechanical properties of solid waste based artificial aggregate concrete[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2025, 28(5): 449-457 (in Chinese).
[26] LARBI J A, BIJEN J M J M. Effects of water-cement ratio, quantity and fineness of sand on the evolution of lime in set Portland cement systems[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1990, 20(5): 783-794.
[27] KIM J J, FOLEY E M, REDA TAHA M M. Nano-mechanical characterization of synthetic calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) with varying CaO/SiO₂ mixture ratios[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2013, 36: 65-70.
[28] ZHANG Y, WAN X M, HOU D S, et al. The effect of mechanical load on transport property and pore structure of alkali-activated slag concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 189: 397-408.
[29] SUBASRI R, NÄFE H. Phase evolution on heat treatment of sodium silicate water glass[J]. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2008, 354(10/11): 896-900.