Al2O3-SiO2气凝胶及其纤维增强复合材料的研究进展

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2024.0930

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶(ASA)因具有孔隙率高、密度低、比表面积高等特性,耐高温和隔热性能较为突出,在航空航天隔热领域具有广阔的发展前景。然而,ASA的力学性能相对较差和高温下对红外辐射吸收和散热能力较弱等问题,限制了其在高温隔热领域的应用;元素掺杂和纤维增强是目前改进ASA隔热性能和力学性能的常用方法。本文从ASA的制备技术、ASA性能的影响因素、元素或物质掺杂ASA的研究及纤维增强ASA复合材料四个方面进行了综述,并对ASA未来发展方向做出了展望。

关键词: Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶, 元素掺杂, 纤维, 复合材料, 力学性能, 隔热性能

Abstract: The Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel (ASA), due to its high porosity, low density and high specific surface area, exhibits outstanding high-temperature resistance and thermal insulation properties, holding broad development prospects in the field of aerospace thermal insulation. However, the relatively poor mechanical properties of ASA, weak infrared radiation absorption and heat dissipation capabilities at high temperatures limit its application in the field of high-temperature insulation. Element doping and fiber reinforcement are commonly used to improve the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of ASA. This paper provides an overview of ASA preparation techniques, factors affecting ASA properties, research on element or substance doped ASA, and fiber-reinforced ASA composites, while also offering insights into the future development directions of ASA.

Key words: Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel, element doping, fiber, composite, mechanical property, thermal insulation property

中图分类号:

TB332

孙传庆, 汪洋, 李占峰, 马魁, 王蒙蒙, 刘瑞祥, 刘福田. Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶及其纤维增强复合材料的研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(2): 732-745.

SUN Chuanqing, WANG Yang, LI Zhanfeng, MA Kui, WANG Mengmeng, LIU Ruixiang, LIU Futian. Research Progress on Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Aerogels and Their Fiber-Reinforced Composites[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(2): 732-745.

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Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶及其纤维增强复合材料的研究进展

Research Progress on Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Aerogels and Their Fiber-Reinforced Composites

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