Evolution of Inorganic Mineral Phases and Heavy Metal Solidification Mechanisms in Ceramic Production Process from Low-Carbon Slag Solid Waste

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2024.1205

Abstract

Abstract: Zinc secondary slag is a type of low-carbon solid waste rich in heavy metals, and its conversion into ceramics can achieve resource utilization. This study employed X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and heavy metal leaching experiments to investigate the effects of preheating temperature on the physical properties and heavy metal solidification efficacy of ceramics derived from low-carbon slag solid waste. The ceramic samples produced after preheating at 500 ℃ exhibit optimal performance. The preheating process effectively removes carbon and sulfur components from the ceramic green body and facilitates the early volatilization of volatile substances, thereby reducing internal micropores during subsequent sintering and enhancing densification. This ultimately leads to a significant improvement in the bending strength of the ceramic samples. During the sintering process following preheating, Fe²⁺ is oxidized to free Fe³⁺, promoting the transformation of clinopyroxene to pyroxene. The pyroxene structure possesses excellent heavy metal solidification capabilities, with some Zn²⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ being fixed in this structure. Additionally, the presence of sulfates within the ceramics promoted its silicoaluminization. Heavy metal leaching experiments reveal that the release rates of various heavy metals are less than 0.3%, with their leaching concentrations being 1~2 order of magnitude lower than national standard limits. Ceramics prepared from preheated low-carbon slag solid waste not only exhibit excellent mechanical properties, but also demonstrate good heavy metal solidification effects, making them suitable for the resource utilization of heavy metal-containing solid waste.

Key words: slag, low-carbon solid waste, ceramics, preheating, heavy metal solidification, heavy metal leaching

CLC Number:

X703.5

GUO Zhengwang, XIAO Haiping, ZHANG Xuqin, LI Yan, LI Yu. Evolution of Inorganic Mineral Phases and Heavy Metal Solidification Mechanisms in Ceramic Production Process from Low-Carbon Slag Solid Waste[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(4): 1566-1573.

References

[1] LONG W Q, WANG S S, LU C Y, et al. Quantitative assessment of energy conservation potential and environmental benefits of an iron and steel plant in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 273: 123163.
[2] WANG X B, LI X Y, YAN X, et al. Environmental risks for application of iron and steel slags in soils in China: a review[J]. Pedosphere, 2021, 31(1): 28-42.
[3] ZHAO J H, YAN P Y, WANG D M. Research on mineral characteristics of converter steel slag and its comprehensive utilization of internal and external recycle[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017, 156: 50-61.
[4] QIAO Y F, WANG G. Recent status of production, administration policies, and low-carbon technology development of China’s steel industry[J]. Metals, 2024, 14(4): 480.
[5] 吕为建, 王龙, 张浩, 等. 钢铁冶金尘泥提锌工艺的研究进展[J]. 钢铁, 2024, 59(1): 157-167.
LÜ W J, WANG L, ZHANG H, et al. Research on progress of zinc extraction process from iron and steel metallurgical sludge[J]. Iron & Steel, 2024, 59(1): 157-167 (in Chinese).
[6] 牛福生, 倪文, 张晋霞, 等. 中国钢铁冶金尘泥资源化利用现状及发展方向[J]. 钢铁, 2016, 51(8): 1-5+10.
NIU F S, NI W, ZHANG J X, et al. Current situation and development of comprehensive utilization of metallurgical dusts and slimes in China[J]. Iron & Steel, 2016, 51(8): 1-5+10 (in Chinese).
[7] 孟昕阳, 李宇. 提锌二次尾渣制备微晶玻璃的工艺优化[J]. 有色金属科学与工程, 2020, 11(2): 27-33.
MENG X Y, LI Y. Process optimization of preparing glass-ceramic from secondary slag of zinc extraction[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering, 2020, 11(2): 27-33 (in Chinese).
[8] 沈维民, 叶恒棣, 张志波, 等. 钢铁工业含锌尘泥回转窑处置技术的应用进展[J]. 烧结球团, 2024, 49(1): 11-17+55.
SHEN W M, YE H D, ZHANG Z B, et al. Progress in application of disposal technology for zinc-containing dust sludge rotary kiln in iron and steel industry[J]. Sintering and Pelletizing, 2024, 49(1): 11-17+55 (in Chinese).
[9] 曾涛, 邓志敢, 樊刚, 等. 湿法炼锌窑渣与污酸联合浸出新工艺[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2019, 29(12): 2826-2835.
ZENG T, DENG Z G, FAN G, et al. New process for combined leaching of zinc kiln slag and waste acid from zinc hydrometallurgy[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2019, 29(12): 2826-2835 (in Chinese).
[10] 胡晓军, 郭婷, 周国治. 含锌冶金粉尘处理技术的发展和现状[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2011, 23(7): 1-5+9.
HU X J, GUO T, ZHOU G Z. Development and current states of techniques of disposal zinc-containing dust in metallurgical industry[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2011, 23(7): 1-5+9 (in Chinese).
[11] 侯霖杰, 孟昕阳, 王宏宇, 等. 铜渣改质、磁选及磁选尾渣制备陶瓷的基础研究[J]. 有色金属科学与工程, 2021, 12(2): 23-29.
HOU L J, MENG X Y, WANG H Y, et al. Basic research on copper slag modification, magnetic separation and preparation of ceramics from magnetic separation tailings[J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering, 2021, 12(2): 23-29 (in Chinese).
[12] 艾仙斌, 李宇, 郭大龙, 等. 以钢渣为原料的SiO₂-CaO-Al₂O₃系陶瓷烧结机理[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 46(5): 1583-1587.
AI X B, LI Y, GUO D L, et al. Sintering mechanism of SiO₂-CaO-Al₂O₃ ceramic from steel slag[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2015, 46(5): 1583-1587 (in Chinese).
[13] 赵立华. 利用钢渣制备高钙高铁陶瓷的基础及应用研究[D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2017.
ZHAO L H. Study on the basis and application of preparing high calcium and high iron ceramics from steel slag[D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2017 (in Chinese).
[14] 裴德健. 利用冶金渣制备硅钙基多元体系陶瓷的机理及应用研究[D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2019.
PEI D J. Study on the mechanism and application of silicon-calcium-based multicomponent ceramics prepared from metallurgical slag[D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2019 (in Chinese).
[15] 徐会显, 徐江宇, 熊正伟, 等. 荆江三口疏浚泥资源化利用研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2020, 43(增刊1): 128-133.
XU H X, XU J Y, XIONG Z W, et al. Reasearch on resource utilization of dredged mud in the three outlets of Jingjiang river[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, 43(supplement 1): 128-133 (in Chinese).
[16] 肖承楠. 疏浚泥资源化可行性研究[D]. 青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2012.
XIAO C N. Feasibility study on reclamation of dredged mud[D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2012 (in Chinese).
[17] 彭孟啟. 应用疏浚泥制备透水砖及性能研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2013.
PENG M Q. Study on preparation and properties of permeable brick with dredged mud[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2013 (in Chinese).
[18] WANG H Y. Durability of self-consolidating lightweight aggregate concrete using dredged silt[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2009, 23(6): 2332-2337.
[19] 郭新营. 碳含量对金属陶瓷组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 有色冶金设计与研究, 2022, 43(3): 22-24+37.
GUO X Y. Effect of carbon content on microstructure and mechanical properties of cermet[J]. Nonferrous Metals Engineering & Research, 2022, 43(3): 22-24+37 (in Chinese).
[20] 刘宝友, 岳新艳, 冯东, 等. 碳含量对无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷的显微组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(增刊1): 169-171.
LIU B Y, YUE X Y, FENG D, et al. Effect of carbon content on microstructure and properties of pressureless-sintered silicon carbide[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(supplement 1): 169-171 (in Chinese).
[21] YANG G Q, ZENG H T, MA P H, et al. Effects of carbon content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of MoCoB-Co cermets[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(13): 22653-22661.
[22] 刘东旭, 侯红臣, 陈建军, 等. 碳含量对反应熔渗法制备SiC晶须增强碳化硅陶瓷性能的影响研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2019, 38(12): 4007-4012.
LIU D X, HOU H C, CHEN J J, et al. Effect of carbon content on properties of SiC whiskers reinforced silicon carbide ceramic prepared by reactive melt infiltration[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(12): 4007-4012 (in Chinese).
[23] NATSUI S, NISHIMURA I, ITO A, et al. Tracking combustion behavior of copper monosulfide, ferrous sulfide, and chalcopyrite tablets by high-speed microscopic videography[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2023, 267: 118355.
[24] WANG Z Q, DENG S H, ZHANG Q Y, et al. Effects of carbothermal reduction of iron oxide on microstructures and electrochemical properties of the carbon foams[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 890: 161804.
[25] 张雪梅, 徐仁伟, 孙淑英, 等. 硫酸钙的还原热分解特性研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2010, 33(增刊2): 144-148.
ZHANG X M, XU R W, SUN S Y, et al. Study on the character of calcium sulfate reducing decomposition[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 33(supplement 2): 144-148 (in Chinese).
[26] YANG P, SUO Y L, LIU L, et al. Study on the curing mechanism of cemented backfill materials prepared from sodium sulfate modified coal gasification slag[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2022, 62: 105318.
[27] PI Y L, ZHANG W H, ZHANG Y S, et al. Migration and transformation of heavy metals in glass-ceramics and the mechanism of stabilization[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(17): 24663-24674.
[28] DU Y S, GUO Y H, WANG G Y, et al. Preparation of glass-ceramics from blast furnace slag and its heavy metal curing properties[J]. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2023, 25(5): 3081-3092.
[29] GUO Y H, DU Y S, WEI Y, et al. Crystallization, microstructural evolution, heavy metals migration, and solidification mechanism of blast furnace slag glass-ceramics[J]. Ceramics International, 2024, 50(11): 18462-18472.
[30] WANG G Y, DU Y S, GUO Y H, et al. Existing state and solidification characteristics of heavy metals in glass-ceramics from Mn-bearing blast furnace slag[J]. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2023, 42(2): e14019.