Influence of Limestone Powder on Properties of Sulphoaluminate Cement-Based Grouting Material

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1164

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the issues of rapid heat release， unstable setting and hardening time， and relatively high cost in sulfoaluminate cement-based grouting material （SCGM）， and to further promote the resource utilization of manufactured sand stone powder and the development of green building materials， this study investigated the effect of stone powder on the fluidity， bleeding rate， setting time， and compressive strength of SCGM. The underlying mechanism of stone powder on the workability of SCGM was explored using micro-testing techniques such as XRD， SEM， TG-DTG， and NMR. The results indicate that stone powder promotes the hydration of SCGM， enhances its 28 d mechanical properties， and fills material voids. When the stone powder content is 5%（mass fraction）， compared with the reference sample without stone powder， the 3 d compressive strength of SCGM decreases by 11.4%， while the 28 d compressive strength increases by 10.5%， and the porosity decreases by 10.3%. Additionally， stone powder improves the fluidity of SCGM and extends its setting time.

Key words: sulphoaluminate cement, grouting material, stone powder, hydration process, pore structure

CLC Number:

TQ172

ZHAO Feifei, ZHANG Haibo, CHAI Hucheng. Influence of Limestone Powder on Properties of Sulphoaluminate Cement-Based Grouting Material[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(6): 2002-2010.

Figures/Tables 16

Table 1 Main chemical composition of SAC clinker， quicklime and anhydrite

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	Al₂O₃	CaO	SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	MgO	SO₃	TiO₂
SAC clinker	30.06	45.33	8.54	3.72	0.92	9.22	1.27
Quicklime	0.97	91.70	2.46	0.28	2.10	1.03	0.02
Anhydrite	0.23	39.40	2.83	0.23	1.36	54.16	—

Fig.1 Particle size distribution of stone powder

Fig.2 XRD pattern of stone powder

Fig.3 SEM image of stone powder

Fig.4 Flowchart for SCGM specimen preparation

Table 2 Mix ratio of test

No.	A slurry mix ratio/g			B slurry mix ratio/g
No.	Material A	SP	H₂O	Material B	SP	H₂O
SP0	1 000	0	600	1 000	0	600
SP5	1 000	50	630	1 000	50	630
SP10	1 000	100	660	1 000	100	660
SP15	1 000	150	690	1 000	150	690
SP20	1 000	200	720	1 000	200	720
SP30	1 000	300	780	1 000	300	780

Fig.5 Effect of stone powder content on fluidity of SCGM slurry

Fig.6 Effect of stone powder content on bleeding rate of SCGM slurry

Fig.7 Effect of stone powder content on setting time of SCGM

Fig.8 Effect of stone powder content on compressive strength of SCGM

Fig.9 XRD patterns of SCGM with different stone powder content at various ages

Fig.10 TG-DTG curves of SCGM with different stone powder content at various ages

Table 3 Effect of stone powder content on hydration product content of SCGM

Sample	AFt content/%			AH₃ content/%
Sample	3 d	7 d	28 d	3 d	7 d	28 d
SF0	18.65	32.30	54.16	3.57	2.89	3.05
SF5	23.79	36.90	54.44	3.18	3.82	2.82
SF15	20.21	40.58	52.35	2.17	2.69	2.72
SF30	21.72	36.31	50.24	3.10	2.43	2.01

Fig.11 SEM image of SCGM hydration at 28 d

Fig.12 Pore structure of SCGM with different stone powder content

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of influence of stone powder on s SCGM structure

References 22

[1]	LIU X F， PAN P Z， XIONG Z Q， et al. Sulfoaluminate cement-based double-liquid material grouting in fractured rock［J］. Géotechnique Letters， 2024， 14（2）： 64-70. DOI URL
[2]	管学茂，李雪峰，张海波，等. 深井软岩无机有机复合注浆加固材料研发与应用［J］. 煤炭科学技术， 2023， 51（8）： 1-11.
	GUAN X M， LI X F， ZHANG H B， et al. Research and application of inorganic and organic composite grouting reinforcement materials in deep weak rock［J］. Coal Science and Technology， 2023， 51（8）： 1-11 （in Chinese）.
[3]	WANG J R， ZHANG H B， GUO Y N， et al. Effect of different lime-anhydrite ratios on the hydration process of sulfoaluminate cement［J］. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering， 2022， 34（10）： 04022242.
[4]	尹耀霄，张宇，陈帅，等. 机制砂石的应用与发展综述［J］. 节能， 2022， 41（4）： 84-86.
	YIN Y X， ZHANG Y， CHEN S， et al. Review on application and development of manufactured sand and gravel［J］. Energy Conservation， 2022， 41（4）： 84-86 （in Chinese）.
[5]	蒋正武，杨黔，刘燚. CECS团体标准为交通行业机制砂应用提供技术支撑：《公路机制砂高性能混凝土技术规程》 T/CECS G： K50-30-2018介绍［J］. 工程建设标准化， 2020（6）： 68-70.
	JIANG Z W， YANG Q， LIU Y. CECS group standards provide technical support for the application of manufactured sand in the transportation industry： about the technical specification for the application of high performance concrete with manufactured sand in the highway T/CECS G： K50-30-2018［J］. Standardization of Engineering Construction， 2020（6）： 68-70 （in Chinese）.
[6]	史才军，王德辉，贾煌飞，等. 石灰石粉在水泥基材料中的作用及对其耐久性的影响［J］. 硅酸盐学报， 2017， 45（11）： 1582-1593.
	SHI C J， WANG D H， JIA H F， et al. Role of limestone powder and its effect on durability of cement-based materials［J］. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society， 2017， 45（11）： 1582-1593 （in Chinese）.
[7]	吴朝明，李春锦，胡堃，等. 基于性能需求的机制骨料混凝土配合比设计［J］. 建筑材料学报， 2024， 27（8）： 667-674.
	WU C M， LI C J， HU K， et al. Mix design of manufactured aggregate concrete according to performance requirements［J］. Journal of Building Materials， 2024， 27（8）： 667-674 （in Chinese）.
[8]	NAKAYENGA J， CIKMIT A A， TSUCHIDA T， et al. Influence of stone powder content and particle size on the strength of cement-treated clay［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2021， 305： 124710. DOI URL
[9]	汪保印，张洁，熊金伟，等. 废弃石粉对混凝土的性能影响及碳排放分析［J］. 建筑材料学报， 2023， 26（11）： 1151-1157+1206.
	WANG B Y， ZHANG J， XIONG J W， et al. Influence of waste stone powder on properties and carbon emissions of concrete［J］. Journal of Building Materials， 2023， 26（11）： 1151-1157+1206 （in Chinese）.
[10]	HARGIS C W， TELESCA A， MONTEIRO P J M. Calcium sulfoaluminate （Ye’elimite） hydration in the presence of gypsum， calcite， and vaterite［J］. Cement and Concrete Research， 2014， 65： 15-20. DOI URL
[11]	王燕峰，刘松辉，韩康，等. 超细碳酸钙对硫铝酸盐水泥基双液注浆材料性能的影响［J］. 硅酸盐通报， 2021， 40（2）： 368-376.
	WANG Y F， LIU S H， HAN K， et al. Effect of superfine CaCO₃ on properties of sulphoaluminate cement-based double fluid grouting material［J］. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society， 2021， 40（2）： 368-376 （in Chinese）.
[12]	伍文振，孙江涛，李志堂，等. 机制砂的粉体需水量指数及其应用［J］. 硅酸盐通报， 2025， 44（12）： 4368-4374. DOI
	WU W Z， SUN J T， LI Z T， et al. Powder water demand index and its application of manufactured sand［J］. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society， 2025， 44（12）： 4368-4374 （in Chinese）. DOI
[13]	路　阳，何小芳，吴永豪，等. 煤矿井下新型水泥基注浆材料的应用研究进展［J］. 硅酸盐通报， 2014， 33（1）： 97-102.
	LU Y， HE X F， WU Y H， et al. Research progress on application of new cement-based grouting materials in coal mine underground［J］. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society， 2014， 33（1）： 97-102 （in Chinese）.
[14]	GUO J H， LI G Z， GAO C Y. The effect of stone powder content of dolomite manufactured sand on the cement hydration［J］. IOP Conference Series： Materials Science and Engineering， 2019， 592（1）： 012002.
[15]	YANG H F， LIANG D Y， DENG Z H， et al. Effect of limestone powder in manufactured sand on the hydration products and microstructure of recycled aggregate concrete［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2018， 188： 1045-1049. DOI URL
[16]	VISHAVKARMA A， GURRAPPAGARI R K R， KIZHAKKUMODOM VENKATANARAYANAN H. Assessment of hydration stages in the property development of Portland blended cement systems containing limestone powders［J］. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials， 2025， 19： 107. DOI
[17]	BRIKI Y， ZAJAC M， HAHA MBEN， et al. Impact of limestone fineness on cement hydration at early age［J］. Cement and Concrete Research， 2021， 147： 106515. DOI URL
[18]	DE WEERDT K， HAHA MBEN， LE SAOUT G， et al. Hydration mechanisms of ternary Portland cements containing limestone powder and fly ash［J］. Cement and Concrete Research， 2011， 41（3）： 279-291. DOI URL
[19]	冯琼，袁晨，田浩正，等. 多岩性机制砂石粉对水泥基材料性能的作用机理研究［J/OL］. 材料导报， 1-16 （ 2025-11-20）［ 2026-01-04］. .
	FENG Q， YUAN C， TIAN H Z， et al. Study on the mechanism of multi-lithologic manufactured sand powder on the properties of cement-based materials［J］. Materials Reports， 1-16（ 2025-11-20）［ 2026-01-04］. （in Chinese）.
[20]	肖忠明，郭俊萍. 混合材对硫铝酸盐水泥抗折强度倒缩的抑制作用及机理［J］. 水泥， 2017（3）： 10-13.
	XIAO Z M， GUO J P. Inhibiting effect of admixture on shrinkage of flexural strength of sulphoaluminate cement and its mechanism［J］. Cement， 2017（3）： 10-13 （in Chinese）.
[21]	XIE D， GAO J M， LIU C. Cohesion forces of limestone suspensions： effects of adsorbed calcium ions， sulfate ions and polycarboxylate ethers［J］. Cement and Concrete Research， 2026， 200： 108070. DOI URL
[22]	何世钦，李发文，孙晓燕，等. 基于工业固废的低碳高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥研究进展［J］. 硅酸盐通报， 2024， 43（11）： 4072-4082.
	HE S Q， LI F W， SUN X Y， et al. Advances in low carbon high belite sulfoaluminate cement based on industrial solid waste［J］. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society， 2024， 43（11）： 4072-4082 （in Chinese）.