硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 3126-3139.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0289
毛志毅1(
), 朱翼舟2, 杨仁和1, 郄非凡1, 张鹏宇1(
), 孙倩1, 刘晓2(
)
收稿日期:2026-03-27
修订日期:2026-05-19
出版日期:2026-09-15
发布日期:2026-10-09
通信作者:
张鹏宇,博士,教授级工程师。E-mail:zpy329@163.com;作者简介:毛志毅(1986—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师。主要从事混凝土外加剂开发方面的研究。E-mail:maozytj@163.com
基金资助:
MAO Zhiyi1(
), ZHU Yizhou2, YANG Renhe1, QIE Feifan1, ZHANG Pengyu1(
), SUN Qian1, LIU Xiao2(
)
Received:2026-03-27
Revised:2026-05-19
Published:2026-09-15
Online:2026-10-09
摘要:
为了实现超高性能混凝土流变性能的有效调控,以季戊四醇、丙烯酸、甲基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(HPEG)和硝酸铈铵(CAN)为原料合成了一种具有超支化拓扑结构的外加剂,并考察其对水灰比为0.18的水泥净浆的影响,同时考察了大单体的种类、分子量、季戊四醇与大单体的摩尔比及引发体系对水泥净浆流动度和黏度的影响。结果表明,大单体采用分子量为1 000 g/mol的HPEG,季戊四醇与大单体的摩尔比为0.012 5∶1,引发剂采用硝酸铈铵时,合成得到的超支化外加剂以0.3%(质量分数)掺量与0.7%(质量分数)掺量实验室合成梳状结构聚羧酸系减水剂复配,加入水灰比为0.18的水泥净浆,流动度为200 mm,黏度为1 637 mPa·s,黏度比市售的UHPC外加剂低31.8%,表现出较优的流变性能。凝胶渗透色谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、流体力学半径、Zeta电位、总有机碳和流变性能测试等微观表征手段表明超支化拓扑结构外加剂具有紧凑的分子构象、丰富的端基官能团分布与较大的界面吸附速率,同时表现出较好的分散降黏性能。
中图分类号:
毛志毅, 朱翼舟, 杨仁和, 郄非凡, 张鹏宇, 孙倩, 刘晓. 超支化外加剂的合成及其对低水灰比水泥净浆的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(9): 3126-3139.
MAO Zhiyi, ZHU Yizhou, YANG Renhe, QIE Feifan, ZHANG Pengyu, SUN Qian, LIU Xiao. Synthesis of Hyperbranched Admixture and Its Effect on Low Water-Cement Ratio Cement Paste[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(9): 3126-3139.
| Composition | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | Na2Oeq | f-CaO | LOI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 20.82 | 4.97 | 3.81 | 63.17 | 3.87 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.89 | 1.47 |
表1 水泥化学组成
Table 1 Chemical composition of cement
| Composition | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | Na2Oeq | f-CaO | LOI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass fraction/% | 20.82 | 4.97 | 3.81 | 63.17 | 3.87 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.89 | 1.47 |
图1 硝酸铈铵自由基引发聚合超支化拓扑结构合成机理
Fig.1 Synthesis mechanism of hyperbranched topological structure by free radical initiation of ammonium cerium nitrate polymerization
| Sample No. | Core | Macromonomer | Micro-monomer | Initiator | Chain transfer agent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-1 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 0 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| E-2 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 0.75 | 0.25 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| E-3 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| E-4 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| E-5 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 0 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-1 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.006 25 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-2 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-3 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.025 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-4 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.05 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-5 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.1 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| H-1 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | MPA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | |||
| H-2 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | MPA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.05 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | |||
| H-3 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | MPA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.09 | |||
| H-4 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | TGA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | |||
| H-5 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | TGA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.09 | |||
| H-ZH | Name | Esterification core | HPEG-1000 | AA | APS | MPA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.28 | 0.045 | |||
表2 不同超支化聚合物的原料配比
Table 2 Raw material ratio of different hyperbranched polymers
| Sample No. | Core | Macromonomer | Micro-monomer | Initiator | Chain transfer agent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-1 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 0 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| E-2 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 0.75 | 0.25 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| E-3 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| E-4 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| E-5 | Name | Pentaerythritol | EPEG-1200 | EPEG-3000 | AA | CAN | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 0 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-1 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.006 25 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-2 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-3 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.025 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-4 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.05 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| JS-5 | Name | PT | EPEG-1200 | AA | H2O2 | E51 | MPA | |
| Molar ratio | 0.1 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.045 | ||
| H-1 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | MPA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | |||
| H-2 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | MPA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.05 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | |||
| H-3 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | MPA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.09 | |||
| H-4 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | TGA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.045 | |||
| H-5 | Name | Pentaerythritol | HPEG-1000 | AA | CAN | TGA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.1 | 0.09 | |||
| H-ZH | Name | Esterification core | HPEG-1000 | AA | APS | MPA | ||
| Molar ratio | 0.012 5 | 1.00 | 2.78 | 0.28 | 0.045 | |||
| Sample No. | Content | Fluidity/mm | 1 h fluidity/mm | Viscosity/(mPa·s) | Relativity/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 1%(mass fraction) | 200 | 170 | 2 013 | — |
| E-1 | 0.7%C+0.3%H (mass fraction) | 180 | 165 | 3 637 | +80.7 |
| E-2 | 190 | 160 | 2 537 | +26.0 | |
| E-3 | 195 | 160 | 2 632 | +30.8 | |
| E-4 | 195 | 160 | 2 463 | +22.4 | |
| E-5 | 190 | 160 | 2 558 | +27.1 |
表3 不同分子量EPEG复配合成超支化聚合物降黏效果
Table 3 Viscosity reduction effect of hyperbranched polymers systhesized by combination of EPEG with different molecular weights
| Sample No. | Content | Fluidity/mm | 1 h fluidity/mm | Viscosity/(mPa·s) | Relativity/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 1%(mass fraction) | 200 | 170 | 2 013 | — |
| E-1 | 0.7%C+0.3%H (mass fraction) | 180 | 165 | 3 637 | +80.7 |
| E-2 | 190 | 160 | 2 537 | +26.0 | |
| E-3 | 195 | 160 | 2 632 | +30.8 | |
| E-4 | 195 | 160 | 2 463 | +22.4 | |
| E-5 | 190 | 160 | 2 558 | +27.1 |
| Sample No. | Content | Fluidity/mm | 1 h fluidity/mm | Viscosity/(mPa·s) | Relativity/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 1%(mass fraction) | 200 | 170 | 2 013 | — |
| JS-1 | 0.7%C+0.3%H (mass fraction) | 190 | 160 | 2 707 | +34.5 |
| JS-2 | 195 | 160 | 2 537 | +26.0 | |
| JS-3 | 195 | 165 | 2 560 | +27.2 | |
| JS-4 | 180 | 150 | 3 546 | +76.1 | |
| JS-5 | 180 | 160 | 3 966 | +97.0 |
表4 不同掺量季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯合成超支化聚合物降黏效果
Table 4 Viscosity reduction effect of hyperbranched polymers synthesized from pentaerythritol triacrylate with different dosages
| Sample No. | Content | Fluidity/mm | 1 h fluidity/mm | Viscosity/(mPa·s) | Relativity/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 1%(mass fraction) | 200 | 170 | 2 013 | — |
| JS-1 | 0.7%C+0.3%H (mass fraction) | 190 | 160 | 2 707 | +34.5 |
| JS-2 | 195 | 160 | 2 537 | +26.0 | |
| JS-3 | 195 | 165 | 2 560 | +27.2 | |
| JS-4 | 180 | 150 | 3 546 | +76.1 | |
| JS-5 | 180 | 160 | 3 966 | +97.0 |
| Sample No. | Content | Fluidity/mm | 1 h fluidity/mm | Viscosity/(mPa·s) | Relativity/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 1%(mass fraction) | 200 | 170 | 2 013 | — |
| H-1 | 0.7%C+0.3%H (mass fraction) | 200 | 180 | 1 637 | -18.67 |
| H-2 | 195 | 170 | 1 825 | -9.33 | |
| H-3 | 195 | 170 | 2 244 | +11.47 | |
| H-4 | 180 | 155 | 3 950 | +96.22 | |
| H-5 | 190 | 165 | 3 116 | +54.79 | |
| H-ZH | 195 | 165 | 2 140 | +6.31 |
表5 HPEG体系不同参数合成超支化聚合物降黏效果
Table 5 Viscosity reduction effect of hyperbranched polymers synthesized with different parameters in HPEG system
| Sample No. | Content | Fluidity/mm | 1 h fluidity/mm | Viscosity/(mPa·s) | Relativity/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 1%(mass fraction) | 200 | 170 | 2 013 | — |
| H-1 | 0.7%C+0.3%H (mass fraction) | 200 | 180 | 1 637 | -18.67 |
| H-2 | 195 | 170 | 1 825 | -9.33 | |
| H-3 | 195 | 170 | 2 244 | +11.47 | |
| H-4 | 180 | 155 | 3 950 | +96.22 | |
| H-5 | 190 | 165 | 3 116 | +54.79 | |
| H-ZH | 195 | 165 | 2 140 | +6.31 |
| Admixture | Zeta potential/mV | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 min | 30 min | 60 min | 90 min | |
| Blank | -0.10 | 3.67 | 4.03 | 4.56 |
| CKA-50 | -0.93 | 3.86 | 3.97 | 4.32 |
| H-1 | -1.22 | 3.44 | 3.89 | 4.01 |
表6 水泥颗粒表面Zeta电位随时间变化结果
Table 6 Results of variation of Zeta potential on surface of cement particles with time
| Admixture | Zeta potential/mV | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 min | 30 min | 60 min | 90 min | |
| Blank | -0.10 | 3.67 | 4.03 | 4.56 |
| CKA-50 | -0.93 | 3.86 | 3.97 | 4.32 |
| H-1 | -1.22 | 3.44 | 3.89 | 4.01 |
| Sample | Fitting equation | τ0/Pa | ηP/(Pa·s) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CKA-50 | τ=30.041 3+2.317 9 | 30.041 3 | 2.317 9 | 0.998 |
| H-1 | τ=25.569 8+1.884 5 | 25.569 8 | 1.884 5 | 0.998 |
表7 M-B模型拟合结果
Table 7 Results of M-B model fitting
| Sample | Fitting equation | τ0/Pa | ηP/(Pa·s) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CKA-50 | τ=30.041 3+2.317 9 | 30.041 3 | 2.317 9 | 0.998 |
| H-1 | τ=25.569 8+1.884 5 | 25.569 8 | 1.884 5 | 0.998 |
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