燃煤渣对水泥力学和水化过程的影响

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0600

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水化活性较低是限制燃煤渣作为辅助胶凝材料应用的关键因素，本文通过机械球磨方式激发燃煤渣水化活性，并系统研究了燃煤渣活性提升机理及对复合胶凝材料力学性能和水化过程的影响。结果表明：机械球磨破坏了燃煤渣中层状硅铝酸盐结构，引起Si—O、Al—O结合能变化；与燃煤渣相比，球磨燃煤渣活性硅铝的浓度分别提升694.55%和634.27%。当球磨燃煤渣掺量为30%（质量分数）时，复合胶凝材料3和28 d的抗压强度相比基准组分别提升6.03%和22.38%，相比对照组分别提升49.13%和82.99%。球磨燃煤渣的掺入能够促进Ca（OH）₂的消耗，增加水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）凝胶等水化产物的含量，增强微观结构致密性，提升复合胶凝材料力学性能。在不影响复合胶凝材料力学性能情况下，材料的累计水化放热量随燃煤渣掺量增加逐渐降低。

关键词: 球磨燃煤渣, 活性硅铝, 辅助胶凝材料, 晶体结构, 力学性能, 水化机理

Abstract:

The low hydration reactivity of burnt coal cinder limits its application as supplementary cementitious material. In this study， the hydration reactivity of burnt coal cinder was activated by mechanical ball milling method， and mechanism of improving the reactivity of burnt coal cinder and its effect on the mechanical properties and hydration process of composite cementitious material were systematically explored. The results show that the layered aluminosilicate structure in burnt coal cinder is destroyed by mechanical ball milling， leading to the changes in the binding energies of Si—O and Al—O. The concentrations of reactive Si and Al increase by 694.55% and 634.27% in ball milling burnt coal cinder compared to burnt coal cinder. When the ball milling burnt coal cinder content is 30% （mass fraction）， the 3 and 28 d compressive strength of composite cementitious material increase by 6.03% and 22.38%， respectively， compared to the basic group， and increase by 49.13% and 82.99%， respectively， compared to the reference group. The incorporation of ball milling burnt coal cinder promotes the consumption of Ca（OH）₂， which results in the increase of hydration products such as calcium silicate hydrate （C-S-H） gel， and the densification of microstructure， thereby improving the mechanical properties of composite cementitious material. The cumulative heat of hydration gradually decreases with the increase of ball milling burnt coal cinder content without affecting the mechanical properties of composite cementitious material.

Key words: ball milling burnt coal cinder, reactive Si and Al, supplementary cementitious material, crystal structure, mechanical property, hydration mechanism

中图分类号:

TU525

刘仕琪, 周紫晨, 黄修林, 曾明, 张冰, 张剑峰, 沈春华. 燃煤渣对水泥力学和水化过程的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(1): 165-176.

LIU Shiqi, ZHOU Zichen, HUANG Xiulin, ZENG Ming, ZHANG Bing, ZHANG Jianfeng, SHEN Chunhua. Influence of Burnt Coal Cinder on Mechanics and Hydration Process of Cement[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(1): 165-176.

图/表 14

表1 原材料的主要化学成分

Table 1 Main chemical composition of raw materials

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	SO₃	TiO₂	Na₂O	K₂O	LOI
Cement	19.98	5.64	3.35	62.57	1.87	3.04	0.34	0.16	0.65	2.40
BCC	52.51	19.87	7.02	4.28	0.75	0.29	0.74	0.25	0.34	9.89

表2 砂浆试件配合比

Table 2 Mix ratio of mortar specimen

Group	Cementing materials mass fraction/ %		Machine-made sand mass fraction/ %				Sand/binder ratio	Water/ binder ratio
Group	Cement	BCC-BM	0.180~ <0.425 mm	0.425~ <0.850 mm	0.850~ <2.360 mm	2.360~ <4.750 mm	Sand/binder ratio	Water/ binder ratio
BCC-BM10	90	10	27.27	36.36	27.27	9.10	2.5	0.4
BCC-BM20	80	20	27.27	36.36	27.27	9.10	2.5	0.4
BCC-BM30	70	30	27.27	36.36	27.27	9.10	2.5	0.4
BCC-BM40	60	40	27.27	36.36	27.27	9.10	2.5	0.4
BCC-BM50	50	50	27.27	36.36	27.27	9.10	2.5	0.4
Basic	100	0	27.27	36.36	27.27	9.10	2.5	0.4
Reference	70	30 （BCC）	27.27	36.36	27.27	9.10	2.5	0.4

表3 BCC-BM燃煤渣的主要化学成分

Table 3 Main chemical composition of BCC-BM

Composition	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	SO₃	TiO₂	Na₂O	K₂O	LOI
Mass fraction/%	50.67	18.95	11.25	4.50	0.82	0.22	0.69	0.22	0.31	9.02

图1 机械球磨前后燃煤渣的XRD谱和晶体结构变化示意图

Fig.1 XRD patterns and schematic diagram of crystal structure changes for BCC before and after ball milling

图2 BCC和BCC-BM的XPS分析结果

Fig.2 XPS analysis results for BCC and BCC-BM

图3 BCC和BCC-BM中活性硅铝的浸出浓度及溶出率

Fig.3 Leaching concentration and leaching rate of reactive Si and Al in BCC and BCC-BM

图4 不同BCC-BM掺量复合胶凝材料砂浆的力学性能

Fig.4 Mechanical properties of composite cementitious material mortars with different BCC-BM content

图5 BCC-BM的粒径分布曲线和特征粒径

Fig.5 Particle size distribution curves and characteristic particle size of BCC-BM

图6 复合胶凝材料水化不同龄期的XRD谱1-Ca（OH）2； 2-CaCO3； 3-Ca3SiO5；4-Ca3SiO5； 5-Ca2（CO3）SO4·4H2O； 6-C-S-H；7-Ettringite； 8-SiO2

Fig.6 XRD patterns of composite cementitious material at different hydration ages

图7 复合胶凝材料SEM照片和EDS图谱

Fig.7 SEM images and EDS spectra of composite cementitious material

图8 复合胶凝材料的TG和DTG曲线

Fig.8 TG and DTG curves of composite cementitious material

表4 复合胶凝材料热失重率参数

Table 4 Thermal mass loss rate parameters of composite cementitious material

Group	Mass loss rate of C-S-H and AFt/%		Mass loss rate of Ca（OH）₂/%		Mass loss rate of CaCO₃/%
Group	3 d	28 d	3 d	28 d	3 d	28 d
Basic	6.82	7.44	4.48	5.34	3.46	6.02
BCC-BM10	5.98	8.09	3.86	4.39	4.77	6.25
BCC-BM30	5.58	8.27	3.05	3.34	5.92	7.07
BCC-BM50	4.70	7.37	2.58	2.57	5.28	7.23

图9 复合胶凝材料的FTIR光谱

Fig.9 FTIR spectra of composite cementitious material

图10 复合胶凝材料的水化热曲线

Fig.10 Hydration heat curves of composite cementitious material

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