氯离子对海工混凝土钢筋腐蚀的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海洋环境下,海工混凝土大多达不到设计使用年限就遭到腐蚀破坏,造成严重的国家海洋工程安全隐患和海洋环境污染。氯离子引起的钢筋腐蚀是造成海工混凝土结构性能劣化的主要原因。本文基于海洋环境多氯盐的特点,从氯离子侵蚀海工混凝土的过程出发,对氯离子的腐蚀路径和腐蚀机理进行梳理和总结,着重论述了氯离子通过渗透、扩散、电化学迁移进入混凝土的路径和破坏钝化膜、形成腐蚀电池、去极化作用、导电作用的腐蚀机理。在此基础上,文章针对国内外海工混凝土抗氯离子腐蚀的最新研究,介绍了氯离子固化机理,重点阐述了提高海工混凝土密实度、减少海工混凝土中裂缝、增加海工混凝土厚度的根本措施,同时归纳了混凝土表面保护、钢筋防护,以及加入阻锈剂的补充措施、裂缝修复的方法,以提高海工混凝土抗氯离子腐蚀性能,文章最后指出当前研究中,实验得到的单一氯离子腐蚀过程与实际海水中混凝土的氯离子腐蚀过程存在较大差距,低碳环保的抗氯离子腐蚀混凝土材料和技术有待深入研发。

关键词: 海工混凝土, 氯离子, 腐蚀, 固化机理, 防腐措施, 修复

Abstract: In the marine environment, most of the marine concrete will be corroded and destroyed before reaching the designed service life, resulting in serious national marine engineering safety risks and marine environment pollution. The corrosion of steel bar caused by chloride ions is the main reason for the deterioration of the structural performance of marine concrete. Based on the characteristic of polychlorinated salts in marine environment, starting from the process of chloride ion erosion on marine concrete, this paper reviews and summarizes the corrosion path and mechanism of chloride ions from the process of chloride ions eroding marine concrete. It focuses on the path of chloride ions entering concrete through penetration, diffusion and electrochemical migration, and the corrosion mechanism of chloride ions destroying passivation film, forming corrosion battery, depolarization and conductivity. On this basis, aiming at the latest research on chloride ions corrosion resistance of marine concrete at home and abroad, this paper introduces the mechanism of chloride ions solidification, and focuses on the fundamental measures such as improving the compactness of marine concrete, reducing cracks in marine concrete and increasing the thickness of marine concrete. At the same time, it summarizes the supplementary measures of concrete surface protection, steel bar protection and adding rust inhibitor, crack repairing to improve the chloride ions corrosion resistance of marine concrete. Finally, it raises that there is a big gap between the single chloride ions corrosion process in the current research and the concrete in the actual seawater. Low-carbon and environmentally friendly anti-chloride ions corrosion concrete materials and technologies need to be further developed.

Key words: marine concrete, chloride ion, corrosion, curing mechanism, anticorrosion measure, repair

中图分类号:

TU528

刘玉美, 杨浪, 饶峰, 张凯铭, 孙传琳. 氯离子对海工混凝土钢筋腐蚀的研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(9): 3059-3074.

LIU Yumei, YANG Lang, RAO Feng, ZHANG Kaiming, SUN Chuanlin. Research Progress of Chloride Ions on Corrosion of Marine Concrete Reinforcement[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(9): 3059-3074.

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