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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 974-993.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1145

• 新型功能化玻璃 • 上一篇    下一篇

玻璃着色机理及其在光学元件中的应用

黄永刚1,2,3(), 李莞林1,2, 石攀1,4, 焦朋1, 独雅婕1, 王云1, 付杨1, 褚淼1, 张洋1,5, 贾金升1,2,3   

  1. 1.中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司玻纤研究院,北京 100024
    2.中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司特种光电玻璃行业重点实验室,北京 100024
    3.中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司玻璃基功能材料技术创新中心,北京 100024
    4.中建材光芯科技有限公司,枣庄 277101
    5.中建材光子科技有限公司,枣庄 277101
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-17 修订日期:2025-12-25 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-10
  • 作者简介:黄永刚(1975—),男,博士,教授。主要从事光纤传像材料及其元器件的研究。E-mail:huangyonggang@cbma.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52072357)

Mechanism of Glass Coloration and Its Application in Optical Elements

HUANG Yonggang1,2,3(), LI Guanlin1,2, SHI Pan1,4, JIAO Peng1, DU Yajie1, WANG Yun1, FU Yang1, CHU Miao1, ZHANG Yang1,5, JIA Jinsheng1,2,3   

  1. 1.Institute of Special Glass Fiber,China Building Materials Academy,Beijing 100024,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Special Optoelectronic Glass in Building Materials Industry,China Building Materials;Academy,Beijing 100024,China
    3.Glass-Based Functional Material Technology Innovation Center,China Building Materials Academy,Beijing 100024,China
    4.CNBM Guangxin Technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Zaozhuang 277101,China
    5.CNBM Photonics Technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Zaozhuang 277101,China
  • Received:2025-11-17 Revised:2025-12-25 Published:2026-03-20 Online:2026-04-10

摘要:

玻璃着色是光与无序网络相互作用的结果,受成分、价态、局域结构、纳米相及缺陷态多尺度耦合控制。本文在梳理传统经验分类的基础上,系统归纳离子、分子、胶体、色心及结晶等主要着色机制,阐明玻璃基体酸碱性、氧化还原条件与微观结构对吸收峰位置和色度的调控规律;从光场、热场、电化学场及高能辐照四类外场出发,讨论曝光感光过程、电致变色、热诱导纳米晶与胶体、辐照色心演化等过程的时程特征与可逆性;结合透镜表层黑化、光纤传像吸收层制备、滤光与彩色光学玻璃选型等案例,分析色度均匀性、高温辐照稳定性等工程瓶颈。最后本文展望了着色玻璃的演进方向:结合机器学习与大数据进行配方与工艺的快速反演设计;加强与超表面制造、半导体量子点等技术的交叉融合,使着色玻璃从单一显色材料转变为光学调控、显示与感知一体化的多功能智能载体。

关键词: 玻璃着色, 色心, 离子掺杂, 胶体, 电子跃迁, 辐照着色

Abstract:

Glass coloration arises from the interaction of light with a disordered network, governed by the multiscale coupling of composition, valence state, local structure, nanophases and defect states. On the basis of traditional empirical classifications, this review systematically summarizes the main coloration mechanisms, including ionic, molecular, colloids, color-center, as well as crystallization coloration. The glass basicity, redox conditions and microstructural features on absorption peak position and chromaticity is clarified. From the perspective of four types of external fields, such as optical field, thermal field, electrochemical field and high-energy radiation, the time dependence and reversibility of exposure photosensitive process electrochromic process, thermally induced nanocrystals and colloids, and radiation color-center evolution is discussed. Representative applications, such as surface blackening of lenses, preparation of absorbing layers in fiber image guides, and filter and selection of colored optical glass, are used to analyze engineering bottlenecks including chromatic uniformity, high-temperature radiation stability. Finally, we outline future directions for colored glass: integrating machine learning and big-data approaches for rapid inverse design of compositions and processing windows, promoting system diversification and strengthening cross-fertilization with metasurfaces and semiconductor quantum dots, so that colored glass can evolve from a simple color carrier to a multifunctional intelligent platform for optical modulation, display and sensing.

Key words: glass coloration, color-center, ion doping, colloid, electronic transition, radiation coloration

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