硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 994-1005.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1201
收稿日期:2025-12-01
修订日期:2026-02-02
出版日期:2026-03-20
发布日期:2026-04-10
通信作者:
龚柯钱,博士。E-mail: gkq21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn作者简介:郑睿鹏(1972—),男,高级工程师。主要从事核安全级电气设备鉴定工作。E-mail: zhengruipeng123@126.com
ZHENG Ruipeng1(
), LI Shixin1, NIE Siyue2, GONG Keqian2(
)
Received:2025-12-01
Revised:2026-02-02
Published:2026-03-20
Online:2026-04-10
摘要:
随着先进核能系统、医疗中子治疗及核安保需求的不断提升,对中子剂量检测材料的灵敏度、稳定性和工程可加工性提出了更高要求。玻璃基剂量检测材料因成分可设计性高、化学稳定性好、辐照耐受性强且易于制备成块体、薄片或光纤等形态,在复杂中子场中的剂量测定领域展现出独特优势。本文系统梳理了中子与物质的相互作用机制及核裂变、核反冲、核活化与核反应等典型探测方法,总结了硼硅酸盐、锂硅酸盐、磷酸盐玻璃及稀土掺杂玻璃等多类材料在组成结构、缺陷中心形成机制、剂量响应特性及应用性能方面的研究进展。重点分析了10B与6Li俘获反应驱动的色心与载流子陷阱机制、Ce3+/Tb3+等稀土离子在闪烁过程中的能量转换路径,以及不同玻璃网络结构对辐照稳定性和剂量灵敏度的影响。在此基础上,进一步讨论了玻璃基中子剂量材料在高灵敏测量、光纤化探测与宽能区响应等方向的潜在优势及未来发展趋势,有望为下一代高性能中子剂量检测材料的结构设计与工程化开发提供参考。
中图分类号:
郑睿鹏, 李世欣, 聂思悦, 龚柯钱. 玻璃基中子剂量检测材料研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(3): 994-1005.
ZHENG Ruipeng, LI Shixin, NIE Siyue, GONG Keqian. Research Progress on Glass-Based Neutron Dosimetry Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(3): 994-1005.
| Nuclide | σf/(10-24 cm2) |
|---|---|
| 239Pu | 744.0±2.5 |
| 233U | 529.9±1.4 |
| 235U | 583.5±1.3 |
表1 239Pu、233U和235U热中子裂变截面[35]
Table 1 Thermal neutron fission cross-sections of 239Pu, 233U and 235U[35]
| Nuclide | σf/(10-24 cm2) |
|---|---|
| 239Pu | 744.0±2.5 |
| 233U | 529.9±1.4 |
| 235U | 583.5±1.3 |
图5 磷酸盐结构示意图:(a)孤立的PO4四面体(Q0),(b)二聚磷酸基团(Q1),(c)三聚磷酸结构(Q2),(d)高度聚合的磷酸盐网络结构(Q3/Q4)[73]
Fig.5 Schematic diagram of phosphate structure: (a) isolated PO4 tetrahedron (Q0), (b) dipolyphosphate group (Q1), (c) tripolyphosphate structure (Q2), (d) highly polymerized phosphate network structure (Q3/Q4)[73]
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