硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1423-1432.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0981
收稿日期:2025-10-09
修订日期:2025-11-20
出版日期:2026-04-20
发布日期:2026-05-14
通信作者:
卜恒勇,博士,教授。E-mail:buhengyong@Kust.edu.cn作者简介:胡嘉宁(2000—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事辐射探测方面的研究。E-mail:2990191773@qq.com
Received:2025-10-09
Revised:2025-11-20
Published:2026-04-20
Online:2026-05-14
摘要:
CsPbBr3单晶是一种备受关注的全无机钙钛矿半导体材料,因高密度、高电阻率及优异的载流子传输性能,在辐射探测器、光电探测器、发光二极管等多个前沿领域展现出巨大的应用潜力,但面临着大尺寸晶体生长中缺陷控制与成本控制的双重挑战。为此,本文系统综述了CsPbBr3单晶逆温结晶法的研究进展,重点探讨了溶剂选择、溶质浓度调控、界面张力诱导机制及溶解度-温度关系等关键参数对晶体生长的影响,并提出通过添加剂引入、籽晶引导等策略来优化晶体质量。同时,分析了CsPbBr3单晶在光电探测器领域的应用潜力,指出其高载流子迁移率、长扩散长度等特性对器件性能的提升作用。最后,展望了该材料在辐射监测、医疗诊断等方向的发展趋势,为后续研究提供理论和技术参考。
中图分类号:
胡嘉宁, 卜恒勇. 逆温结晶法生长CsPbBr3单晶研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(4): 1423-1432.
HU Jianing, BU Hengyong. Research Progress on Growth of CsPbBr3 Single Crystals by Inverse Temperature Crystallization[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1423-1432.
图3 (a)本体溶液和表层分子相互作用能变化示意图[25];(b)晶体在浮动状态下的生长示意图[25];(c)二次相颗粒形貌演变规律[27];(d)晶体表面生长机理,其中DPSI分子调节金属离子向钙钛矿表面扩散[28]
Fig.3 (a) Schematic diagram of changes in interaction energy between bulk solution and surface layer molecules[25]; (b) schematic diagram of crystal growth in a floating state[25]; (c) morphology evolution schematic of secondary phase particles[27]; (d) crystal surface growth mechanism, in which DPSI molecules regulate the diffusion of metal ions toward the surface of perovskite[28]
图4 (a) CsPbBr3在DMSO溶液中的溶解度曲线[34];(b)添加BBA的CsPbBr3前驱体溶液中的溶解度曲线和超溶解度曲线[35];(c)在含有ACN的DMSO/DMF混合溶液中,CsPbBr3的溶解度曲线和超溶解度曲线[36]
Fig.4 (a) Solubility curve of CsPbBr3 in DMSO solution[34]; (b) solubility curve and supersolubility curve of CsPbBr3 precursor solution with BBA added[35]; (c) solubility curve and supersolubility curve of CsPbBr3 in DMSO/DMF mixed solution containing ACN[36]
| 掺杂位点 | 代表性离子 | 主要作用与目标 |
|---|---|---|
| X位(卤素位) | CI-、I-、CI-/I-共掺 | 调控[PbX6]八面体骨架,抑制离子迁移,降低陷阱态密度,调控带隙,提高电阻率与载流子迁移率-寿命积(µτ),强化电学性能 |
| B位(Pb位) | Mn2+、Sn4+、Eu3+、Zr4+、Sn2+、Ce3+等 | 部分取代Pb2+,钝化深能级缺陷,减少晶格空位,降低陷阱态密度,并可引入新发光中心,改善光学性能与结构稳定性 |
| A位(Cs位) | Rb+、FA+、MA+、K+、Na+等 | 调节晶格应力,抑制有害相变,减少Cs空位,降低漏电流,提高电阻率,增强结构稳定性和电学性能 |
表1 掺杂元素位置及其作用机理
Table 1 Positions and mechanisms of doping elements
| 掺杂位点 | 代表性离子 | 主要作用与目标 |
|---|---|---|
| X位(卤素位) | CI-、I-、CI-/I-共掺 | 调控[PbX6]八面体骨架,抑制离子迁移,降低陷阱态密度,调控带隙,提高电阻率与载流子迁移率-寿命积(µτ),强化电学性能 |
| B位(Pb位) | Mn2+、Sn4+、Eu3+、Zr4+、Sn2+、Ce3+等 | 部分取代Pb2+,钝化深能级缺陷,减少晶格空位,降低陷阱态密度,并可引入新发光中心,改善光学性能与结构稳定性 |
| A位(Cs位) | Rb+、FA+、MA+、K+、Na+等 | 调节晶格应力,抑制有害相变,减少Cs空位,降低漏电流,提高电阻率,增强结构稳定性和电学性能 |
| [1] | YANG X, SONG Y, WANG L, et al. In-line tempering eliminates the domain boundary in perovskite single crystals for high-energy resolution ionizing radiation detectors[J]. Science Advances, 2024, 10(51): 6866. |
| [2] | BACIAK J E, HE Z. Comparison of 5 and 10 mm thick HgI2 pixelated γ-ray spectrometers[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003, 505(1-2): 191-194. |
| [3] | WANG Y, LIU C, ZHENG Y, et al. Development of portable spectrometer based on CZT detector under nuclear anti-terrorism[J]. Journal of Isotopes, 2021, 34(5): 195-200. |
| [4] | GIUSTINO F, SNAITH H J. Toward lead-free perovskite solar cells[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2016, 1(6): 1233-1240. |
| [5] | GAO B, MENG J. High efficiently CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells fabricated by multi-step spin coating method[J]. Solar Energy, 2020, 211: 1223-1229. |
| [6] | TIAN W, ZHOU H, LI L. Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite photodetectors[J]. Small, 2017, 13(41): 1702107. |
| [7] | LEE Y, KWON J, HWANG E, et al. High-performance perovskite-graphene hybrid photodetector[J]. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(1): 41-46. |
| [8] | WANG T, LI X, FANG T, et al. Room-temperature synthesis of perovskite-phase CsPbI3 nanocrystals for optoelectronics via a ligand-mediated strategy[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 418: 129361. |
| [9] | MA D, LIN K, DONG Y, et al. Distribution control enables efficient reduced-dimensional perovskite LEDs[J]. Nature, 2021, 599(7886): 594-598. |
| [10] | ZHU X, LIN Y, MARTIN JSAN, et al. Lead halide perovskites for photocatalytic organic synthesis[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 1-10. |
| [11] | GAO G, XI Q, ZHOU H, et al. Novel inorganic perovskite quantum dots for photocatalysis[J]. Nanoscale, 2017, 9(33): 12032-12038. |
| [12] | STOUMPOS C C, MALLIAKAS C D, PETERS J A, et al. Crystal growth of the perovskite semiconductor CsPbBr3: a new material for high-energy radiation detection[J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2013, 13(7): 2722-2727. |
| [13] | SAIDAMINOV M I, HAQUE M A, ALMUTLAQ J, et al. Inorganic lead halide perovskite single crystals: phase-selective low-temperature growth, carrier transport properties, and self-powered photodetection[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2017, 5(2): 1600704. |
| [14] | YAO D, ZHANG C, PHAM N D, et al. Hindered formation of photoinactive δ-FAPbI3 phase and hysteresis-free mixed-cation planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency via potassium incorporation[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 2018, 9(8): 2113-2120. |
| [15] | NARESH V, SINGH S, SOH H, et al. Dual-phase CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 perovskite scintillator for sensitive X-ray detection and imaging[J]. Materials Today Nano, 2023, 23: 100364. |
| [16] | WEI H, FANG Y, MULLIGAN P, et al. Sensitive X-ray detectors made of methylammonium lead tribromide perovskite single crystals[J]. Nature Photonics, 2016, 10(5): 333-339. |
| [17] | DIRIN D N, CHERNIUKH I, YAKUNIN S, et al. Solution-grown CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystals for photon detection[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(23): 8470-8474. |
| [18] | MCGREGOR D S, HERMON H. Room-temperature compound semiconductor radiation detectors[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1997, 395(1): 101-124. |
| [19] | CHENG Y, ZHU M, WANG F, et al. Precursor solution-dependent secondary phase defects in CsPbBr3 single crystal grown by inverse temperature crystallization[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2021, 9(48): 27718-27726. |
| [20] | XUE Z, WEI Y, LI H, et al. Additive-enhanced crystallization of inorganic perovskite single crystals for high-sensitivity X-ray detection[J]. Small, 2023, 19(18): 2207588. |
| [21] | LIU Y, YANG Z, CUI D, et al. Two-inch-sized perovskite CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) crystals: growth and characterization[J]. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(35): 5176-5183. |
| [22] | 王翔. 基于CsPbBr3晶体X射线探测器研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2021: 16-17. |
| WANG X. Research on CsPbBr3 crystal X-ray detector [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021: 16-17 (in Chinese). | |
| [23] | LIU C, CHEN H, LIN P, et al. Growth, characterization and photoelectrical properties of orthorhombic and cubic CsPbBr3 single crystals[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2022, 33(32): 24895-24905. |
| [24] | 张洪健. 高能射线探测用CsPbBr3晶体的溶液法生长及其性能研究[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学, 2019: 30-31. |
| ZHANG H J. Solution growth and properties of CsPbBr3 crystal for high energy ray detection[D]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2019: 30-31 (in Chinese). | |
| [25] | ZHUMEKENOV A A, BURLAKOV V M, SAIDAMINOV M I, et al. The role of surface tension in the crystallization of metal halide perovskites[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2017, 2(8): 1782-1788. |
| [26] | VLIEG E. The structure of solid-liquid growth interfaces[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2022, 597: 126850. |
| [27] | 程渊博. CsPbBr3晶体二次相缺陷及其对辐射探测性能影响研究[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学, 2021:55-56. |
| CHENG Y B. Study on secondary phase defects of CsPbBr3 crystal and its influence on radiation detection performance[D]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2021: 55-56 (in Chinese). | |
| [28] | LIU Y, ZHENG X, FANG Y, et al. Ligand assisted growth of perovskite single crystals with low defect density[J]. Nature Communications, 2021, 12(1): 1686. |
| [29] | LIAO M, XIA M, XU Y, et al. Growth mechanism of metal halide perovskite single crystals in solution[J]. Chemical Communications, 2023, 59(57): 8758-8768. |
| [30] | SUZUKI H, KUDO S, TAKIYAMA H. Templated crystal nucleation phenomena at the air/solution interface focusing on the repulsive force[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, 2015, 48(6): 488-490. |
| [31] | VELASCO-HOGAN A, DEHEYN D D, KOCH M, et al. On the nature of the transparent teeth of the deep-sea dragonfish, aristostomias scintillans[J]. Matter, 2019, 1(1): 235-249. |
| [32] | ZENG H, LIANG H, ZHANG Y, et al. High-precision digital terahertz phase manipulation within a multichannel field perturbation coding chip[J]. Nature Photonics, 2021, 15(10): 751-757. |
| [33] | WANG K, WU C, YANG D, et al. Quasi-two-dimensional halide perovskite single crystal photodetector[J]. ACS Nano, 2018, 12(5): 4919-4929. |
| [34] | 王文贞. 探测器用卤化物钙钛矿晶体的生长及其物理性能的研究[D]. 上海: 上海大学, 2020: 39-43. |
| WANG W Z. Study on the growth and physical properties of halide perovskite crystals for detector applications[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai University, 2020: 39-43 (in Chinese). | |
| [35] | LIU Y, CUI M, FENG X, et al. Suppression of secondary phases with additive engineering for the spectrometer-grade CsPbBr3 single crystals[J]. ACS Photonics, 2025, 12(4): 2044-2052. |
| [36] | MOU K, FENG X, TANG F, et al. Solvent engineering with ACN for the growth of high-quality CsPbBr3 single crystals[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2025, 13(18): 9154-9161. |
| [37] | JIANG L, QIU Y, XIANG L, et al. APTES and CTAB Synergistic Induce a Heterozygous CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 Perovskite Composite and its Application on the Sensitive Fluorescent Detection of Iodide ions [J]. Journal of Fluorescence, 2025, 35(3): 1529-1538. |
| [38] | FENG Y, PAN L, WEI H, et al. Low defects density CsPbBr3 single crystals grown by an additive assisted method for gamma-ray detection[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2020, 8(33): 11360-11368. |
| [39] | 陈燃, 赵啸, 孟钢, 等. 添加剂辅助生长CsPbBr3单晶及其γ射线探测性能[J]. 人工晶体学报, 2025, 54(7): 1238-1244. |
| CHEN R, ZHAO X, MENG G, et al. Additive-assisted growth of CsPbBr3 single crystals and its γ-ray detection performance[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2025, 54(7): 1238-1244 (in Chinese). | |
| [40] | REN Y, ZHANG N, ARAIN Z, et al. Polymer-induced lattice expansion leads to all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells with reduced trap density[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 475: 228676. |
| [41] | XIAO X, CHEN K, QIN M, et al. Alkyl chain length engineering of zwitterionic sulfobetaine passivators for efficient printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2025, 515: 163528. |
| [42] | QIAN L, WU S, WANG Q, et al. Growth and photoelectrical properties of CsPbBr3- x I x (0≤x<1) single crystals[J]. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2024, 643: 127817. |
| [43] | BHARDWAJ A, KUSHWAHA A K. Synthesis, Ambient storage stability and optoelectronic properties of Mn-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite crystals[J]. Applied Physics A, 2022, 128: 856. |
| [44] | LI J, DU X, NIU G, et al. Rubidium doping to enhance carrier transport in CsPbBr3 single crystals for high-performance X-ray detection[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(1): 989-996. |
| [45] | HUA Y, CUI F, ZHANG P, et al. Improved low-temperature solution-growth of CsPbBr3- n Cl n single crystals for X-Ray detection[J]. Zeitschrift Für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 2022, 648(15): e202200025. |
| [46] | CHENG Q, YOU S, ZHANG W, et al. Single crystal seed induced epitaxial growth stabilizes α-FAPbI3 in perovskite solar cells[J]. Nano Letters, 2024, 24(17): 5308-5316. |
| [47] | GAO W, LIU X, JIN H, et al. Seed-crystal-assisted space-confined growth of FASnI3 quasi-single-crystal thick films and their photodetection characteristics[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2024, 9(10): 5045-5055. |
| [48] | JIANG J Z, XIONG M, FAN K, et al. Synergistic strain engineering of perovskite single crystals for highly stable and sensitive X-ray detectors with low-bias imaging and monitoring[J]. Nature Photonics, 2022, 16(8): 575-581. |
| [49] | HE R, WU Y, LI Z, et al. Bulk and interface passivation through potassium iodide additives engineering enables high-performance and humidity-stable CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells[J]. Surfaces and Interfaces, 2024, 48: 104274. |
| [50] | ZHAO L, ZHOU Y, SHI Z, et al. High-yield growth of FACsPbBr3 single crystals with low defect density from mixed solvents for gamma-ray spectroscopy[J]. Nature Photonics, 2023, 17(4): 315-323. |
| [51] | CAO F, YU D, MA W, et al. Shining emitter in a stable host: design of halide perovskite scintillators for X-ray imaging from commercial concept[J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14(5): 5183-5193. |
| [52] | CUI B-B, HAN Y, HUANG B, et al. Locally collective hydrogen bonding isolates lead octahedra for white emission improvement[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1): 5190. |
| [53] | ZHOU C, LIN H, WORKU M, et al. Blue emitting single crystalline assembly of metal halide clusters[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2018, 140(41): 13181-13184. |
| [1] | 焦云杰, 朱永昌, 杨德博, 崔竹, 董炫疆, 王东宇, 杜瞻远, 杨雅楠. CaO对硼硅酸盐玻璃钼溶解度提升机理的研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(3): 806-812. |
| [2] | 董浩然, 聂建华, 梁永和, 蔡曼菲, 鞠茂奇, 温立冬, 李洲. 烧成温度对菱镁矿尾矿合成镁橄榄石性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(6): 2054-2061. |
| [3] | 李蒙蒙, 舒鑫, 韩方玉, 刘建忠, 杨勇. 聚羧酸减水剂在碱激发矿渣胶凝材料中的研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(10): 3432-3438. |
| [4] | 韩涛;杨学腾;靳秀芝;王慧奇;钟军超;李晓宇. 磷酸盐对石膏溶解性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2016, 35(5): 1418-1422. |
| [5] | 涂从红;吴黎;朱丽慧;黄清伟. 聚乙烯醇缩丁醛溶液组分对Al2O3流延成型的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2011, 30(3): 625-628. |
| [6] | 张德成;黄世锋;吴波;王英姿. 钢渣矿渣水泥碱性激发剂的研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2004, 23(3): 118-120. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||
