基于斜面桌坍扩规律的砂浆稳定性研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0492

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新拌砂浆良好的稳定性是硬化砂浆均质性的重要保障。本研究采用斜面桌法对新拌砂浆稳定性进行评价,并与《预拌砂浆》(GB/T 25181—2019)中规定的砂浆分层度法和泌水率进行对比,建立新拌砂浆稳定性与斜面桌坍扩规律的对应关系,并基于“膜厚理论”,从细观角度探究砂浆离析形成机理。结果表明,用斜面桌试验得到的砂浆扩展角A_m与净浆扩展角A_p的比值(A_m/A_p)是评价新拌砂浆动态离析的有效指标,较低A_m/A_p的新拌砂浆具有较大的分层度和较高的泌水率,稳定性较差。状态良好的砂浆A_m/A_p区间为1.17~1.27,A_m/A_p=1.17是砂浆稳定状态和不稳定状态的分界。合理设定净浆饱和度(即稳定包裹细骨料的净浆层厚度与净浆层厚度的比值),是平衡新拌砂浆黏结性与保证其稳定性的关键。

关键词: 新拌砂浆, 稳定性, 坍扩规律, 扩展角, 浆体层厚度

Abstract: The high stability of fresh mortar is an important guarantee for the homogeneity of hardened mortar. In this study, the inclined plane method was used to evaluate the stability of fresh mortar, and compared with the mortar stratification method and bleeding rate provided by "Ready-mixed mortar" (GB/T 25181—2019), the corresponding relationship between the stability of fresh mortar and the flow slump on an inclined plane was established. Based on the "film thickness theory", the formation mechanism of mortar segregation was investigated from the microscopic view. The results show that the ratio of mortar flow angle A_m and paste flow angle A_p (A_m/A_p) obtained by inclined plane test is an effective index for evaluating the dynamic segregation of fresh mortar, and the fresh mortar with lower A_m/A_p has larger stratification degree and higher bleeding rate with poor stability. The A_m/A_p of mortar in good condition is 1.17~1.27, and the A_m/A_p of 1.17 is the boundary between stable state and unstable state of mortar. Appropriate determination the paste saturation (the ratio of the thickness of the paste layer stably wrapped on the fine aggregate and the total paste layer thickness), is crucial for balance the bond performance of fresh paste while ensuring its stability.

Key words: fresh mortar, stability, flow slump law, flow angle, paste layer thickness

中图分类号:

TU528

吴浩, 许鸽龙, 宋秋磊, 周捷航, 蔡基伟, 叶国林, 陈劲戈, 张秋彬. 基于斜面桌坍扩规律的砂浆稳定性研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(10): 3536-3546.

WU Hao, XU Gelong, SONG Qiulei, ZHOU Jiehang, CAI Jiwei, YE Guolin, CHEN Jinge, ZHANG Qiubin. Stability of Mortar Based on Flow Slump Law on an Inclined Plane[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(10): 3536-3546.

参考文献

[1] 黄法礼, 李化建, 谢永江, 等. 新拌混凝土工作性能与流变参数相关性研究进展[J]. 混凝土, 2015(10): 119-123+127.
HUANG F L, LI H J, XIE Y J, et al. Research progress on the correlation between workability and rheological parameters of fresh concrete[J]. Concrete, 2015(10): 119-123+127 (in Chinese).
[2] 张志超. 骨料粒径对自密实混凝土流变性、工作性和静态稳定性影响研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2020, 39(7): 2139-2144.
ZHANG Z C. Influence of coarse aggregate size on rheology, workability and static stability of self-compacting concrete[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2020, 39(7): 2139-2144 (in Chinese).
[3] 蔡渝新, 刘清风. 混凝土拌合物稳定性及其对工程结构耐久性影响的研究进展[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 55(4): 492-503.
CAI Y X, LIU Q F. Research progress on the stability of concrete mixtures and its influence on the durability of engineering structures[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 55(4): 492-503 (in Chinese).
[4] 黄大能. 外加剂、流变学与高性能混凝土[J]. 混凝土与水泥制品, 2000(2): 3-4.
HUANG D N. Admixtures, rheology and high performance concrete[J]. Chinal Concrete and Cement Products, 2000(2): 3-4 (in Chinese).
[5] KOURA B O, HOSSEINPOOR M, YAHIA A. Coupled effect of fine mortar and granular skeleton characteristics on dynamic stability of self-consolidating concrete as a diphasic material[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 263: 120131.
[6] YAN W S, CUI W, QI L. Effect of aggregate gradation and mortar rheology on static segregation of self-compacting concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 259: 119816.
[7] 蒋健, 李传习, 邓帅, 等. 含粗骨料超高性能混凝土静态稳定性研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(7): 2441-2450.
JIANG J, LI C X, DENG S, et al. Static stability of ultra-high performance concrete containing coarse aggregate[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2024, 43(7): 2441-2450 (in Chinese).
[8] GHOURCHIAN S, WYRZYKOWSKI M, LURA P, et al. An investigation on the use of zeolite aggregates for internal curing of concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2013, 40: 135-144.
[9] DE LA VARGA I, CASTRO J, BENTZ D, et al. Application of internal curing for mixtures containing high volumes of fly ash[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2012, 34(9): 1001-1008.
[10] ZHUTOVSKY S, KOVLER K. Effect of internal curing on durability-related properties of high performance concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2012, 42(1): 20-26.
[11] 马昆林, 冯金, 龙广成, 等. 流变参数对自密实混凝土等效砂浆静态稳定性的影响[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2017, 45(2): 196-205.
MA K L, FENG J, LONG G C, et al. Influence of rheological parameters on static stability of self-compacting concrete equivalent mortar[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2017, 45(2): 196-205 (in Chinese).
[12] 廖国胜, 丁正, 刘发民, 等. 基于砂浆流变性能的自密实混凝土制备方法研究[J]. 混凝土, 2024(10): 116-120.
LIAO G S, DING Z, LIU F M, et al. Research on preparation method of self-compacting concrete based on rheological properties of mortar[J]. Concrete, 2024(10): 116-120 (in Chinese).
[13] CUSSON D, HOOGEVEEN T. Internal curing of high-performance concrete with pre-soaked fine lightweight aggregate for prevention of autogenous shrinkage cracking[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2008, 38(6): 757-765.
[14] 丁倩, 黄耀英, 徐小枫, 等. 基于不同测试方法的密封养护水泥砂浆孔隙率和饱水度变化规律[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(11): 3584-3592+3600.
DING Q, HUANG Y Y, XU X F, et al. Change rule of porosity and saturation of cement mortar under sealed curing condition based on different measured methods[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2021, 40(11): 3584-3592+3600 (in Chinese).
[15] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 预拌砂浆: GB/T 25181—2019[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2019.
State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration. Ready-mixed mortar: GB/T 25181—2019[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2019 (in Chinese).
[16] 赖广兴. 坍落度筒法测试混凝土表观密度的影响研究[J]. 广东建材, 2024, 40(4): 50-53.
LAI G X. Study on the influence of slump cone method on concrete apparent density[J]. Guangdong Building Materials, 2024, 40(4): 50-53 (in Chinese).
[17] 张宇靖, 朱吉鹏. 基于L型流动仪的水泥砂浆流变参数预测[J]. 科技和产业, 2023, 23(15): 264-270.
ZHANG Y J, ZHU J P. Prediction of rheological parameters of cement mortar based on L-box[J]. Science Technology and Industry, 2023, 23(15): 264-270 (in Chinese).
[18] 中华人民共和国水利部. 水泥胶砂流动度测定仪校验方法: SL 123—2012[S]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2012.
Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Calibration methods for fluidity tester of cement mortar: SL 123—2012[S]. Beijing: China Water & Power Press, 2012 (in Chinese).
[19] 李京军, 谭德林, 牛建刚. 砂浆流变参数的Marsh筒法和微坍法测定[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(9): 102-108.
LI J J, TAN D L, NIU J G. Determination of rheological parameters of mortar by using marsh cone method and mini-slump method[J]. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(9): 102-108 (in Chinese).
[20] 赵东三, 徐正中, 高旭, 等. 基于动态机器学习的水泥胶砂性能预测研究[J]. 混凝土, 2024(3): 147-152+170.
ZHAO D S, XU Z Z, GAO X, et al. Research on performance prediction of cement mortar based on dynamic machine learning[J]. Concrete, 2024(3): 147-152+170 (in Chinese).
[21] XU G L, WU H, CAI J W, et al. Dynamic stability evaluation of fresh concrete with the declined table test[J]. Materials and Structures, 2023, 57(1): 5.
[22] XU G L, WU H, CAI J W, et al. Influence of mortar thickness on the dynamic segregation of high-fluidity concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2024, 438: 137153.
[23] 李明海, 许鸽龙, 张正, 等. 抛填骨料工艺对混凝土抗压强度影响的机理分析[J]. 武汉理工大学学报, 2020, 42(11): 26-30.
LI M H, XU G L, ZHANG Z, et al. Mechanism analysis of the effect of distributing-filling aggregate process on the compressive strength of concrete[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2020, 42(11): 26-30 (in Chinese).
[24] LI L G, KWAN A K H. Concrete mix design based on water film thickness and paste film thickness[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2013, 39: 33-42.
[25] LI L G, KWAN A K H. Mortar design based on water film thickness[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2011, 25(5): 2381-2390.
[26] 赵昕南. 高效减水剂最佳掺量的确定—理论及测试方法[D]. 北京: 中国建筑材料科学研究院, 2001.
ZHAO X N. Determination of optimum dosage of high efficient water reducing agent-theory and test method[D]. Beijing: China Building Materials Academy, 2001 (in Chinese).
[27] 张朝阳, 喻建伟, 孔祥明, 等. 化学外加剂对砂浆流变性能的影响[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2020, 48(5): 622-631.
ZHANG C Y, YU J W, KONG X M, et al. Effect of chemical admixtures on rheological properties of mortars[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2020, 48(5): 622-631 (in Chinese).
[28] ROUSSEL N, STEFANI C, LEROY R. From mini-cone test to Abrams cone test: measurement of cement-based materials yield stress using slump tests[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2005, 35(5): 817-822.
[29] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 水泥胶砂强度检验方法(ISO法): GB/T 17671—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021.
State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration. Test method of cement mortar strength (ISO method): GB/T 17671—2021[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2021 (in Chinese).
[30] BOUVET A, GHORBEL E, BENNACER R. The mini-conical slump flow test: analysis and numerical study[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, 40(10): 1517-1523.
[31] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 水泥标准稠度用水量、凝结时间与安定性检验方法: GB/T 1346—2024[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2024.
State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration. Test methods for water requirement of standard consistency, setting time and soundness of the Portland cement: GB/T 1346—2024[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2024 (in Chinese).
[32] KWAN A K H, LI L G. Combined effects of water film, paste film and mortar film thicknesses on fresh properties of concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 50: 598-608.
[33] 许潇. 特细砂对自密实水泥砂浆流变性的影响[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2021.
XU X. Effect of ultra-fine sand on rheological properties of self-compacting cement mortar[D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2021 (in Chinese).
[34] SHEN W G, WU M M, ZHANG B L, et al. Coarse aggregate effectiveness in concrete: quantitative models study on paste thickness, mortar thickness and compressive strength[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 289: 123171.
[35] 杨立民. 减水剂和引气剂掺量对抹灰砂浆性能影响研究[J]. 建材技术与应用, 2024(6): 47-50.
YANG L M. Study on the effect of water reducing agent and air entraining agent on the performance of plasting mortar[J]. Research & Application of Building Materials, 2024(6): 47-50 (in Chinese).
[36] 何真, 蒋睿, 李杨. 砂浆静-动态流变的黏弹塑性特征[J]. 水利学报, 2018, 49(5): 561-569.
HE Z, JIANG R, LI Y. Viscoelasticity characteristics of mortars in static and dynamic rheological test[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2018, 49(5): 561-569 (in Chinese).
[37] 胡晓波, 吕智英, 曾涛. PAS与增稠保水剂复掺对水泥净浆性能的影响[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2006, 3(1): 60-64.
HU X B, LÜ Z Y, ZENG T. Influence of the compound of aminosulfonic acid-based superplasticzer and water-retentive and thickening admixture on cement paste properties[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2006, 3(1): 60-64 (in Chinese).
[38] ABEBE Y A, LOHAUS L. Rheological characterization of the structural breakdown process to analyze the stability of flowable mortars under vibration[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 131: 517-525.
[39] DOMONE P. Mortar tests for self-consolidating concrete[J]. Concrete International, 2006(4): 28.
[40] KIM J H, YIM H J, KWON S H. Quantitative measurement of the external and internal bleeding of conventional concrete and SCC[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2014, 54: 34-39.