Research Progress on Superhydrophobic Coatings Materials: from Design Principles to Applications

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0904

Abstract

Abstract:

Superhydrophobic coatings， as a novel functional material， effectively prevent liquid penetration and find extensive applications across multiple fields including anti-icing， metal corrosion protection， oil-water separation， drag reduction， anti-fouling and self-cleaning， and antibacterial surfaces. They provide effective solutions to persistent challenges in various industries. This review systematically summarizes the definition， design principles， and advanced fabrication processes of superhydrophobic coatings， along with their diverse applications. It critically analyzes prevailing challenges in mechanical stability， environmental resistance， and preparation process， proposing targeted mitigation strategies. Furthermore， the review outlines future development trends of superhydrophobic coatings， offering theoretical underpinnings for the research and development of next-generation superhydrophobic materials.

Key words: superhydrophobic coating, micro- and nano-structure, low surface energy substance, mechanical stability, environmental resistance

CLC Number:

TB304

HUO Mingda, YANG Yang, QU Haoyang, REN Junbo, SUN Xiaohong, XIAO Kaiye. Research Progress on Superhydrophobic Coatings Materials: from Design Principles to Applications[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1408-1422.

Figures/Tables 11

References 78

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制备方法	技术特点	适用基底	优点	缺点	主要适用场景
溶胶凝胶法	液相反应，成膜均匀，可通过前驱体调控结构	非金属、金属、常规基板	工艺简单、成膜均匀、成本低、便于大面积和复杂形状涂覆	凝胶过程可能产生裂纹，机械强度通常较弱，干燥收缩可能影响结构	抗反射涂层、透明自清洁表面、防结霜涂层
刻蚀法	物理或化学方式在表面构建微纳结构	金属	可精准制造微纳结构，超疏水性优异	工艺参数控制要求高，设备昂贵，难以大面积制备	金属防腐、抗结冰、自清洁、集水表面
化学气相沉积法	气-固反应，可在复杂表面均匀成膜	复杂形状基底、纤维、多孔材料（如木炭）	成膜质量高、均匀性好、环保、适合复杂三维结构涂覆	通常需要真空或特定气氛，设备投资大	光学元件、功能织物、油水分离材料、光催化自清洁表面
等离子喷涂法	高温粒子撞击形成微纳复合结构	金属等耐高温基底	沉积快、涂层结合力强、易于工业化大规模生产，可形成坚固的微/亚微米分级结构	工艺温度高，仅适用于耐热基底	航空、能源等工业领域的防冰、防腐涂层
静电纺丝法	电场作用下形成微纳米纤维网络	聚合物纤维、金属箔片	可制备高比表面积的三维纳米纤维膜，孔隙率可控，工艺相对灵活	机械强度可能不足，大规模生产时产量和均匀性面临挑战	过滤材料、药物缓释载体、柔性防水织物
模板法	通过模板复制微结构，结构规整	特定结构基底（如铜网）	可实现结构的高度可控和重复性，制备效率高，工艺稳定性好	严重受限于模板的尺寸和结构，难以制备大尺寸或非平面样品	制备具有特定图案的微结构表面，用于选择性润湿、油水分离

制备方法	技术特点	适用基底	优点	缺点	主要适用场景
溶胶凝胶法	液相反应，成膜均匀，可通过前驱体调控结构	非金属、金属、常规基板	工艺简单、成膜均匀、成本低、便于大面积和复杂形状涂覆	凝胶过程可能产生裂纹，机械强度通常较弱，干燥收缩可能影响结构	抗反射涂层、透明自清洁表面、防结霜涂层
刻蚀法	物理或化学方式在表面构建微纳结构	金属	可精准制造微纳结构，超疏水性优异	工艺参数控制要求高，设备昂贵，难以大面积制备	金属防腐、抗结冰、自清洁、集水表面
化学气相沉积法	气-固反应，可在复杂表面均匀成膜	复杂形状基底、纤维、多孔材料（如木炭）	成膜质量高、均匀性好、环保、适合复杂三维结构涂覆	通常需要真空或特定气氛，设备投资大	光学元件、功能织物、油水分离材料、光催化自清洁表面
等离子喷涂法	高温粒子撞击形成微纳复合结构	金属等耐高温基底	沉积快、涂层结合力强、易于工业化大规模生产，可形成坚固的微/亚微米分级结构	工艺温度高，仅适用于耐热基底	航空、能源等工业领域的防冰、防腐涂层
静电纺丝法	电场作用下形成微纳米纤维网络	聚合物纤维、金属箔片	可制备高比表面积的三维纳米纤维膜，孔隙率可控，工艺相对灵活	机械强度可能不足，大规模生产时产量和均匀性面临挑战	过滤材料、药物缓释载体、柔性防水织物
模板法	通过模板复制微结构，结构规整	特定结构基底（如铜网）	可实现结构的高度可控和重复性，制备效率高，工艺稳定性好	严重受限于模板的尺寸和结构，难以制备大尺寸或非平面样品	制备具有特定图案的微结构表面，用于选择性润湿、油水分离