Review on Application of Steel Slag Powder in Cement-Based Materials

Abstract

Abstract: At present, the stacking of steel slag has caused serious environmental pollution and resource waste, so the utilization of steel slag resources is imminent. Using steel slag powder in cement-based materials can not only improve the utilization rate of solid waste resources, but also reduce the consumption of natural resources and reduce CO₂ emission by acting as a substitute for cement. The physical and chemical properties, cementitious properties and active excitation modes of steel slag were introduced. The resource utilization of steel slag powder in concrete composite cementitious materials, solid waste cementitious materials, filling cementitious materials and dry mixed mortar was reviewed. The effect of steel slag powder on the properties of cement-based material was analyzed from the aspects of setting time, workability, mechanical properties, durability and volume stability. Adding proper amount of steel slag powder effectively improves the properties of cement-based materials, especially in regulating the workability of mixes and enhancing the durability. Finally, the existing problems of the application of steel slag powder in cement-based materials and the future research direction were proposed.

Key words: steel slag powder, cement-based material, cementitious activity, workability, durability, mechanical property

CLC Number:

TU528.041

ZOU Min, SHEN Yu, LIU Juanhong. Review on Application of Steel Slag Powder in Cement-Based Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2021, 40(9): 2964-2977.

References

[1] 何智海,张晓翔,詹培敏,等.钢渣粉及其对水泥基材料性能的影响研究进展[J].混凝土,2020(2):83-89+93.
HE Z H, ZHANG X X, ZHAN P M, et al. Research progress of steel slag powder and its effect on the properties of cement-based materials[J]. Concrete, 2020(2): 83-89+93 (in Chinese).
[2] 李新创,李冰.全球温控目标下中国钢铁工业低碳转型路径[J].钢铁,2019,54(8):224-231.
LI X C, LI B. Low carbon transition path of China's iron and steel industry under global temperature-control target[J]. Iron & Steel, 2019, 54(8): 224-231 (in Chinese).
[3] GUO J L, BAO Y P, WANG M. Steel slag in China: treatment, recycling, and management[J]. Waste Management, 2018, 78: 318-330.
[4] 赵立杰,张芳.钢渣资源综合利用及发展前景展望[J].材料导报,2020,34(s2):1319-1322+1333.
ZHAO L J, ZHANG F. Comprehensive utilization and development prospect of steel slag resources[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(s2): 1319-1322+1333 (in Chinese).
[5] FISHER L V, BARRON A R. The recycling and reuse of steelmaking slags: a review[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2019, 146: 244-255.
[6] 朱明,胡曙光,丁庆军.钢渣用作水泥基材料的问题研讨[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(6):48-51+65.
ZHU M, HU S G, DING Q J. Investigation on applying steel slag to cement based materials[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2005, 27(6): 48-51+65 (in Chinese).
[7] 倪文.钢渣综合利用所面临的问题与解决办法[C]//全国保温材料科技信息协会、北京科技大学、中国硅酸盐学会工艺岩石分会.全国绝热材料行业创新发展研讨会暨全国保温材料科技信息协会2019年年会论文集,贵州,2019:10-22.
NI W. Problems and solutions of comprehensive utilization of steel slag[C]//National Thermal Insulation Materials Science and Technology Information Association, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China Society of Ceramics Technology Rock branch. Proceedings of the National Insulation Material Industry Innovation and Development Seminar and the National Insulation Material Technology Information Association 2019, Guizhou, 2019: 10-22 (in Chinese).
[8] 佟帅,李晨晓,王书桓,等.钢渣处理工艺及综合利用分析[J].冶金能源,2020,39(6):3-7.
TONG S, LI C X, WANG S H, et al. Steel slag treatment process and comprehensive utilization analysis[J]. Energy for Metallurgical Industry, 2020, 39(6): 3-7 (in Chinese).
[9] 仪桂兰,史永林.不同处理工艺的转炉钢渣特性研究[J].中国资源综合利用,2020,38(11):64-67.
YI G L, SHI Y L. Research on characteristics of converter steel slag with different treatment processes[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2020, 38(11): 64-67 (in Chinese).
[10] TÜFEKÇI M, DEMIRBAŞ A, GENÇ H. Evaluation of steel furnace slags as cement additives[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1997, 27(11): 1713-1717.
[11] 欧阳东,谢宇平,何俊元.转炉钢渣的组成、矿物形貌及胶凝特性[J].硅酸盐学报,1991,19(6):488-494.
OUYANG D, XIE Y P, HE J Y. Composition, mineral morphology and cementitious properties of converter slag[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 1991, 19(6): 488-494 (in Chinese).
[12] 关少波.钢渣粉活性与胶凝性及其混凝土性能的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2008.
GUAN S B. Research on active & cementitious capacity of steel-making slag and its concrete properties[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2008 (in Chinese).
[13] 李永鑫.含钢渣粉掺合料的水泥混凝土组成、结构与性能的研究[D].北京:中国建筑材料科学研究院,2003.
LI Y X. Study on composition, structure and properties of cement and concrete with steel-making slag powder mineral additive[D]. Beijing: China Building Materials Academy, 2003 (in Chinese).
[14] 侯贵华,李伟峰,郭伟,等.转炉钢渣的显微形貌及矿物相[J].硅酸盐学报,2008,36(4):436-443.
HOU G H, LI W F, GUO W, et al. Microstructure and mineral phase of converter slag[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2008, 36(4): 436-443 (in Chinese).
[15] 王玉吉,叶贡欣.氧气转炉钢渣主要矿物相及其胶凝性能的研究[J].硅酸盐学报,1981,9(3):302-308+377.
WANG Y J, YE G X. A study of the mineral phases of oxygen converter slag and their cementious properties[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 1981, 9(3): 302-308+377 (in Chinese).
[16] 徐光亮,钱光人,赖振宇,等.低碱度钢渣基油井及地热井胶凝材料的研究:Ⅰ低碱度钢渣的化学成分、矿物组成和矿相特征[J].西南工学院学报,2000,15(1):10-14.
XU G L, QIAN G R, LAI Z Y, et al. Study of low-alkalinity steel slag blended oil well cement and geothermal cement: Ⅰ chemical composition, mineral phases and mineral characteristic of low-alkalinity steel slag[J]. Journal of Southwest China Institute of Technology, 2000, 15(1): 10-14 (in Chinese).
[17] 饶磊.转炉钢渣成分、结构及性能间内在规律及其应用研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2020.
RAO L. Study on the internal laws of composition, structure and properties of converter steel slag and its application[D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2020 (in Chinese).
[18] 王强.钢渣的胶凝性能及在复合胶凝材料水化硬化过程中的作用[D].北京:清华大学,2010.
WANG Q. Cementitious properties of steel slag and its role in the hydration and hardening process of complex binder[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2010 (in Chinese).
[19] 齐立倩.钢渣水泥复合胶凝材料水化机理和提高其力学性能的研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2015.
QI L Q. Study on hydration mechanism of steel slag cement binders and improvement of mechanical properties[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2015 (in Chinese).
[20] 段思宇,李溪,马卓慧,等.粉磨方式对钢渣微粉特性的影响[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2020,25(1):51-57.
DUAN S Y, LI X, MA Z H, et al. Effect of grinding method on properties of steel slag powder[J]. Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2020, 25(1): 51-57 (in Chinese).
[21] ZHANG H, LIU X Y, LIU Y. Study on physical excitation mechanism of steel slag tailings by XRD and SEM[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2018, 39(3):937.
[22] 王凯祥,龙红明,孟庆民,等.基于物理激发的钢渣胶凝活性及机理[J].钢铁,2018,53(3):82-86.
WANG K X, LONG H M, MENG Q M, et al. Steel slag cementitious activity and mechanism based on physical excitation[J]. Iron & Steel, 2018, 53(3): 82-86 (in Chinese).
[23] 王强,杨建伟,张波.机械磨细对钢渣中粗颗粒的胶凝性能的影响[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2013,53(9):1227-1230.
WANG Q, YANG J W, ZHANG B. Influence of mechanical grinding on the cementitious properties of coarse particles in steel slag[J]. Journey of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2013, 53(9): 1227-1230 (in Chinese).
[24] LIU S H, LI L H. Influence of fineness on the cementitious properties of steel slag[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2014, 117(2): 629-634.
[25] 王毓.钢渣活性激发及其在水泥基材料中的应用研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2018.
WANG Y. Study on active excitation of steel slag and application of building materials[D]. Huainan: Anhui University of Science and Technology, 2018 (in Chinese).
[26] 张浩,龙红明,杨刚,等.基于化学激发的钢渣胶凝活性[J].过程工程学报,2017,17(4):810-813.
ZHANG H, LONG H M, YANG G, et al. Steel slag cementitious activity based on chemical excitation[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2017, 17(4): 810-813 (in Chinese).
[27] 张浩,张欣雨,龙红明.弱酸改性钢渣微粉的光谱学分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(11):3502-3506.
ZHANG H, ZHANG X Y, LONG H M. Spectroscopic analysis of weak acid modified steel slag powder[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2018, 38(11): 3502-3506 (in Chinese).
[28] 崔贺龙.化学激发钢渣基胶凝材料的强度与体积稳定性[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2020.
CUI H L. Strength and volume stability of chemico-activated steel slag based cementitious materials[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2020 (in Chinese).
[29] 孙建伟.碱激发钢渣胶凝材料与混凝土的性能[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2019.
SUN J W. Properties of alkali-activated steel slag cementitious material and concrete[D]. Beijing: China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 2019 (in Chinese).
[30] 张浩,王林,龙红明.基于XRD与FTIR的碱钢渣胶凝材料复合激发机理研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2018,38(7):2302-2306.
ZHANG H, WANG L, LONG H M. Study on composite activating mechanism of alkali steel slag cementations materials by XRD and FTIR[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2018, 38(7): 2302-2306 (in Chinese).
[31] 宋学锋,崔贺龙,杨尔康,等.不同养护条件下化学激发钢渣的强度与体积稳定性[J].材料热处理学报,2020,41(5):140-147.
SONG X F, CUI H L, YANG E K, et al. Strength and volume stability of chemico-activated steel slag under different curing conditions[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2020, 41(5): 140-147 (in Chinese).
[32] 张作顺,徐利华,余广炜,等.钢渣在水泥和混凝土中资源化利用的研究进展[J].材料导报,2010,24(s2):432-435.
ZHANG Z S, XU L H, YU G Y, et al. Research progress of steel slag's recycling utilization in cement and concrete[J]. Materials Reports, 2010, 24(s2): 432-435 (in Chinese).
[33] 王倬.钢渣用作水泥混合材的研究[D].邯郸:河北工程大学,2020.
WANG Z. Research on steel slag used as cement mixture[D]. Handan: Hebei University of Engineering, 2020 (in Chinese).
[34] 国家技术监督局.钢渣矿渣水泥:GB 13590—1992[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992.
State Bureau of Technical Supervision. Steel slag and slag cement: GB 13590—1992[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1992 (in Chinese).
[35] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.钢渣硅酸盐水泥: GB 13590—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Steel sag Portland cement: GB 13590—2006[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2007 (in Chinese).
[36] 中华人民共和国冶金工业部.低热钢渣矿渣水泥:YB/T 057—1994[S].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.
Ministry of Metallurgical Industry of the People's Republic of China. Low hot steel slag slag cement: YB/T 057—1994[S]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1995 (in Chinese).
[37] 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.低热钢渣硅酸盐水泥:JC/T 1082—2008[S].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2008.
National Development and Reform Commission, PRC. Low heat steel slag Portland cement: JC/T 1082—2008[S]. Beijing: China Building Materials Industry Press, 2008 (in Chinese).
[38] 中华人民共和国冶金工业部.钢渣道路水泥:YB 4098—1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
Ministry of Metallurgical Industry of the People's Republic of China. Steel slag road cement: YB 4098—1996[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1996 (in Chinese).
[39] 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.钢渣道路水泥:JC/T 1087—2008[S].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2008.
National Development and Reform Commission, PRC. Steel slag road cement: JC/T 1087—2008[S]. Beijing: China Building Materials Industry Press, 2008 (in Chinese).
[40] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.钢渣道路水泥:GB 25029—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Steel slag road cement: GB 25029—2010[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2010 (in Chinese).
[41] 中华人民共和国冶金工业部.钢渣砌筑水泥:YB 4099—1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.
Ministry of Metallurgical Industry of the People's Republic of China. Steel slag masonry cement: YB 4099—1996[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1996 (in Chinese).
[42] 中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.钢渣砌筑水泥:JC/T 1090—2008[S].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2008.
National Development and Reform Commission, PRC. Steel slag masonry cement: JC/T 1090—2008[S]. Beijing: China Building Materials Industry Press, 2008 (in Chinese).
[43] 董涛.钢渣在水泥生产中的应用研究[D].济南:济南大学,2012.
DONG T. Study on application of steel slag in cement production[D]. Jinan: University of Jinan, 2012 (in Chinese).
[44] 武伟娟.钢渣-水泥复合胶凝材料水化过程及性能研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2016.
WU W J. Study on hydration process and properties of steel slag-cement complex binder[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2016 (in Chinese).
[45] 王戎.钢渣粉对混凝土性能的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2019,50(2):221-224.
WANG R. Influence of steel slag powder on concrete performance[J]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 50(2): 221-224 (in Chinese).
[46] 侯克伟.钢渣改性及其对水泥基材料性能影响试验研究[D].合肥:安徽建筑大学,2016.
HOU K W. Effect of modified steel slag on the properties of cement based materials[D]. Hefei: Anhui Jianzhu University, 2016 (in Chinese).
[47] 涂昆,刘家祥,邓侃.钢渣粉和钢渣水泥的活性及水化机理研究[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2015,42(1):62-68.
TU K, LIU J X, DENG K. Study of the hydration behaviour of steel slag and steel slag cement complex powders[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 42(1): 62-68 (in Chinese).
[48] 赵计辉.钢渣的粉磨/水化特征及其复合胶凝材料的组成与性能[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015.
ZHAO J H. Grinding and hydration characteristics of steel slag and composition and properties of composite cementitious materials containing steel slag powder[D]. Beijing: China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 2015 (in Chinese).
[49] LIU Y, ZHANG Z Q, HOU G H, et al. Preparation of sustainable and green cement-based composite binders with high-volume steel slag powder and ultrafine blast furnace slag powder[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 289: 125133.
[50] 李健生,李家茂,葛雪祥,等.早强型钢矿渣胶凝材料的制备与性能表征[J].安徽工业大学学报(自然科学版),2020,37(4):321-326.
LI J S, LI J M, GE X X, et al. Preparation and characterization of early strengthened of binding materials steel slag & blast furnace slag[J]. Journal of Anhui University of Technology (Natural Science), 2020, 37(4): 321-326 (in Chinese).
[51] 黄阳,王维清,郑奎,等.攀钢钢渣粉用作水泥活性混合材料的研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2017(1):84-87.
HUANG Y, WANG W Q, ZHENG K, et al. Study on steel slag powder used for cement reactive material[J]. China Concrete and Cement Products, 2017(1): 84-87 (in Chinese).
[52] LIU J, WANG D M. Influence of steel slag-silica fume composite mineral admixture on the properties of concrete[J]. Powder Technology, 2017, 320: 230-238.
[53] 李东旭,吴学权,付庆华.无熟料钢渣矿渣水泥的研究[J].水泥·石灰,1994(4):10-13.
LI D X, WU X Q, FU Q H. Study on slag cement without clinker[J]. Cement Engineering, 1994(4): 10-13 (in Chinese).
[54] 倪文,李颖,许成文,等.矿渣-电炉还原渣全固废胶凝材料的水化机理[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2019,50(10):2342-2351.
NI W, LI Y, XU C W, et al. Hydration mechanism of blast furnace slag-reduction slag based solid waste cementing materials[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2019, 50(10): 2342-2351 (in Chinese).
[55] 杜惠惠,倪文,高广军.水淬高钛高炉渣制备C40全固废混凝土试验研究[J].材料导报,2020,34(24):24055-24060.
DU H H, NI W, GAO G J. Experimental study on preparation of C40 concrete with industrial solid wastes from high-titanium blast furnace slag[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(24): 24055-24060 (in Chinese).
[56] 马旭明,倪文,刘轩.钢渣粉性能优化及制备无熟料混凝土的试验研究[J].材料导报,2016,30(16):135-140.
MA X M, NI W, LIU X. Experimental study on performance optimization of steel slag powder and preparation of non-clinker concrete[J]. Materials Review, 2016, 30(16): 135-140 (in Chinese).
[57] 徐东,倪文,汪群慧,等.碱渣复合胶凝材料制备无熟料混凝土[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2020,52(8):151-160.
XU D, NI W, WANG Q H, et al. Preparation of clinker-free concrete by using soda residue composite cementitious material[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2020, 52(8): 151-160 (in Chinese).
[58] 段思宇.钢渣-粉煤灰-脱硫石膏复合胶凝体系的反应机制及应用研究[D].太原:山西大学,2020.
DUAN S Y. Reaction mechanisms and application study of steel slag-fly ash-desulfurized gypsum composite cementitious system[D]. Taiyuan: Shanxi University, 2020 (in Chinese).
[59] 吴跃东,彭犇,吴龙,等.钢渣基胶结材料及应用前景[J].科学技术与工程,2020,20(22):8843-8848.
WU Y D, PENG B, WU L, et al. Steel slag cementing material and its application[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2020, 20(22): 8843-8848 (in Chinese).
[60] 耿毅.基于矿渣/钢渣制备一种新型矿山充填胶凝材料的研发及产业化[EB/OL].安徽省,安徽东巨新型建材有限公司,2019-11-19[2021-01-01]. https://kns.cnki.net/kns8/defaultresult/index.
GENG Y. Research and industrialization of a new mine filling cementing material based on slag/steel slag[EB/OL]. Anhui province, Anhui Dongju New Building Materials Co., Ltd., 2019-11-19[2021-01-01]. https://kns.cnki.net/kns8/defaultresult/index (in Chinese).
[61] 刘满超.矿山充填胶凝材料的研究及应用[D].石家庄:河北科技大学,2018.
LIU M C. Research and application of backfilling cementing material for mine industry[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2018 (in Chinese).
[62] 董培鑫,宋仁峰,高谦,等.利用钢渣微粉开发鞍钢矿山全尾砂充填胶凝材料研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2016,36(1):38-41.
DONG P X, SONG R F, GAO Q, et al. Development of cementing materials with steel slag for whole tailings backfill in angang mine[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2016, 36(1): 38-41 (in Chinese).
[63] 董越,杨志强,高谦.钢渣取代量对复合充填胶凝材料性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(9):2967-2972+2979.
DONG Y, YANG Z Q, GAO Q. Effect of steel slag substitution on the properties of composite cementitious backfill material[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2016, 35(9): 2967-2972+2979 (in Chinese).
[64] 王雪,王全,张滨,等.钢渣作为钾盐矿充填料胶结剂的固化机理[J].工程科学学报,2018,40(10):1177-1186.
WANG X, WANG Q, ZHANG B, et al. Hydration mechanism of using steel slag as binder for backfill materials in potash mines[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2018, 40(10): 1177-1186 (in Chinese).
[65] 冯春花,丁慧杰.利用钢渣制备干混砂浆的研究[C]//中国硅酸盐学会水泥分会第五届学术年会论文集.柳州,2014:41-42.
FENG C H, DING H J. Study on preparation of dry mix mortar with steel slag[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference of Cement Branch of China Portland Society. Liuzhou, 2014: 41-42 (in Chinese).
[66] JING W, JIANG J P, DING S, et al. Hydration and microstructure of steel slag as cementitious material and fine aggregate in mortar[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(19): 4456.
[67] 刘秀梅.利用钢渣制备干粉砂浆的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009.
LIU X M. Study on preparing dry-mixed mortar with steel slag[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2009 (in Chinese).
[68] 谢迁.用于干混砂浆矿物掺合料的性能研究及筛选[D].成都:成都理工大学,2016.
XIE Q. Screening and performance of mineral admixtures for dry-mixed mortar[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2016 (in Chinese).
[69] ZHUANG S Y, WANG Q. Inhibition mechanisms of steel slag on the early-age hydration of cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2021, 140: 106283.
[70] 孙家瑛.钢渣微粉对混凝土抗压强度和耐久性的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2005,8(1):63-66.
SUN J Y. Influence of steel slag powder on compressive strength and durability of concrete[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2005, 8(1): 63-66 (in Chinese).
[71] 李云峰,王玲,林晖.掺钢渣粉混凝土工作性和力学性能研究[J].混凝土,2008(9):38-40.
LI Y F, WANG L, LIN H. Workability and mechanical properties of concrete with steel slag powder[J]. Concrete, 2008(9): 38-40 (in Chinese).
[72] WANG H Y, WANG W C, WANG J C, et al. Evaluation of the engineering properties and durability of mortar produced using ground granulated blast-furnace slag and stainless steel reduced slag[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 280: 122498.
[73] 房奎圳,王栋民,王启宝,等.单掺钢渣-矿渣复合水泥的流变性能[J].混凝土世界,2017(8):87-90.
FANG K Z, WANG D M, WANG Q B, et al. Rheological properties of steel slag-slag composite cement mixed alone[J]. China Concrete, 2017(8): 87-90 (in Chinese).
[74] 崔孝炜.以钢铁行业固废为原料的高强高性能混凝土研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017.
CUI X W. Research of high performance concrete prepared with the steel industry solid waste as raw materials[D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2017 (in Chinese).
[75] GUO X L, SHI H S, WU K. Effects of steel slag powder on workability and durability of concrete[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater Sci Ed, 2014, 29(4): 733-739.
[76] 汪坤,李颖,张广田.含钢渣的低熟料混凝土耐久性及水化机理研究[J].中国冶金,2020,30(10):92-97.
WANG K, LI Y, ZHANG G T. Study on durability and hydration mechanism of low clinker concrete containing steel slag[J]. China Metallurgy, 2020, 30(10): 92-97 (in Chinese).
[77] YANG J W, WANG Q, YAN P Y, et al. Influence of steel slag on the workability of concrete[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2013, 539: 235-238.
[78] 郑永超,周钰沦,房桂明,等.利用钢渣制备矿物掺合料对混凝土性能的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2020(7):87-91.
ZHENG Y C, ZHOU Y L, FANG G M, et al. Preparation of mineral admixtures from steel slag and its effect on concrete performance[J]. China Concrete and Cement Products, 2020(7): 87-91 (in Chinese).
[79] 韩均.钢渣混凝土力学性能及耐久性试验研究[J].公路工程,2020,45(6):227-230.
HAN J. Experimental research on mechanical properties and durability of steel slag concrete[J]. Highway Engineering, 2020, 45(6): 227-230 (in Chinese).
[80] 胡瑾,王强,杨建伟.钢渣-硅灰复合矿物掺合料对混凝土性能的影响[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,55(2):145-149.
HU J, WANG Q, YANG J W. Influence of steel slag-silica fume complex binder on the properties of concrete[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2015, 55(2): 145-149 (in Chinese).
[81] 李保亮,霍彬彬,尤南乔,等.不同养护条件下钢渣/矿渣复合水泥胶砂的耐硫酸盐侵蚀性能[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2019,49(6):1144-1152.
LI B L, HUO B B, YOU N Q, et al. Sulfate resistance of steel slag blended/GGBFS blended cement mortars under different curing conditions[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 49(6): 1144-1152 (in Chinese).
[82] 杨建伟.钢渣和含钢渣的复合矿物掺合料对混凝土性能的影响[D].北京:清华大学,2013.
YANG J W. Influence of steel slag and composite mineral admixture containing steel slag on the properties of concrete[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2013 (in Chinese).
[83] 郭涛,吕晓霞,邹顺,等.碱钢渣混凝土力学性能及耐久性能的试验研究[J].混凝土,2017(10):104-107+111.
GUO T, LÜ X X, ZOU S, et al. Experimental research on alkali slag concrete mechanical property and durability[J]. Concrete, 2017(10): 104-107+111 (in Chinese).
[84] 韩方晖,胡瑾,王栋民.钢渣和石灰石粉对混凝土抗碳化性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2014,33(7):1573-1577.
HAN F H, HU J, WANG D M. Influence of steel slag and limestone powder on the anti-carbonation properties of concrete[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2014, 33(7): 1573-1577 (in Chinese).
[85] 赵计辉,阎培渝.钢渣的体积安定性问题及稳定化处理的国内研究进展[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(2):477-484.
ZHAO J H, YAN P Y. Volume stability and stabilization treatment of steel slag in China[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2017, 36(2): 477-484 (in Chinese).
[86] HOU J W, CHEN Z M, LIU J X. Hydration activity and expansibility model for the RO phase in steel slag[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2020, 51(4): 1697-1704.
[87] 孙家瑛.磨细钢渣对混凝土力学性能及安定性影响研究[J].粉煤灰,2003,15(5):7-9.
SUN J Y. Study of effects of ground steel slag on mechanical performance and soundness of concrete[J]. Coal Ash China, 2003, 15(5): 7-9 (in Chinese).