Research Progress on SiCf/SiC Composites Prepared by NITE Process

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0995

Abstract

Abstract:

Continuous silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites （SiC_f/SiC composites） are renowned for their exceptional mechanical properties， high-temperature stability， and irradiation resistance， rendering them ideal candidates for applications in the hot sections of aero-engines and nuclear reactors. The microstructure， properties， and application domains of these composites are significantly influenced by the fabrication routes employed. Among these， the nano-infiltration and transient-eutectic （NITE） process has gained prominence in the production of high-performance SiC_f/SiC composites， attributed to its short processing cycles， high densification， and excellent irradiation resistance. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the principles and optimization strategies associated with the NITE process for SiC_f/SiC composites fabrication. Furthermore， recent advancements in the high-temperature oxidation resistance， thermal conductivity， and irradiation resistance of SiC_f/SiC composites produced via the NITE process are examined. The article outlines current progress and identifies remaining challenges in the industrialization of the NITE process， explores hybrid methodologies combining NITE with other fabrication techniques， and discusses future research directions and prospects for NITE-based SiC_f/SiC composites.

Key words: SiC_f/SiC composite, NITE process, ceramic matrix composite, mechanical property, irradiation resistance

CLC Number:

TB332

YAO Xinrong, WANG Honglei, YU Jinshan, ZHOU Xingui. Research Progress on SiC_f/SiC Composites Prepared by NITE Process[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(5): 1757-1776.

Figures/Tables 28

Fig.1 Microstructure of SiCf/SiC composites prepared by hot pressing at 1 750 ℃， 40 MPa， 1 h［12］

Fig.2 Preparation schematic diagram of SiCf/SiC composites using interlayer pre-impregnated material sheets［18］

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of SiCnf/SiC composites prepared by NITE process［20］

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of ultrasonic impregnation combined with AC-EPD method［26］

Fig.5 Cross section and surface status of Tyranno-SA and Cef-NITE fiber［19］

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of DEMO-NITE process［33］

Fig.7 Fabrication process of NITE-SiCf/SiC composites［31］

Fig.8 Entry and exit mold［35］

Fig.9 Flowchart and actual product photographs of near-net-shape SiCf/SiC composites fabricated via P-HIP process［32］

Fig.10 Influences of porosity and various processing parameters on thermal conductivity［36］

Fig.11 Complex assemblies produced by joining［25］

Fig.12 Schematic diagram of fabrication of NITE-SiCnf/SiC composites with SiC nanofiber［41］

Table 1 Mechanical properties of NITE-SiCf/SiC composites prepared at different temperatures［44］

Fabrication temperature/℃	1 800		1 850	1 900
Fiber volume fraction/%	31	52	55	31	53
Bulk density/（g·cm^-3）	2.94	2.81	2.96	3.06	3.11
Open porosity/%	2.1	6.2	4.4	1.0	0.6
Ultimate bending strength/MPa	517	375	711	690	860
Elastic modulus in bending/GPa	160	122	174	184	277
Ultimate tensile strength/MPa	380	322	356	350	358
Proportional limit stress/MPa	216	177	209	259	408
Elastic modulus/GPa	289	277	345	338	354
Strain at fracture/%	0.286	0.176	0.135	0.145	0.127

Fig.13 Microstructure images of NITE-SiCf/SiC composites before and after heat treatment［49］

Fig.14 Relationship between rate of mass change and oxidation time for NITE-SiCf/SiC composites during oxidation process［50］

Fig.15 Backscattered electron images （BEI） taken on polished-section at different temperatures of two types of NITE-SiCf/SiC composites［45］

Fig.16 Oxidation mechanism of SiC ceramics with different sintering additives［51］

Fig.17 Thermal conductivities of two types of NITE-SiCf/SiC and FCVI-SiCf/SiC composites at different temperatures［45］

Fig.18 SEM images of unirradiated fibers and fibers irradiated at different temperatures［60］

Fig.19 SEM images of polished SiCf/SiC composites surface containing different sintering additives before and after irradiation［61］

Fig.20 SEM images of surface morphology of LPS-SiC specimens under different irradiation doses［65］

Fig.21 Variation of helium and hydrogen leak rates with temperature for NITE-SiCf/SiC composites and traditional materials［74］

Fig.22 Relationship between helium permeability of SiCf/SiC composites and helium pressure in high-pressure chamber［75］

Fig.23 Schematic diagram of FCM fuel and TRISO particle［83］

Fig.24 Photomicrograph of TRISO particle［84］

Table 2 Development direction of NITE-SiCf/SiC composites［48］

Category	Item	Future direction
Fundamental process	Starting material and process modification	Improved thermal conductivity， creep resistance， irradiation stability， reduced sensitivity to process conditions， reduced cost， etc.
Industrial process	Organic precursor-derived interphase Nano-slurry infiltration technique	Reduced process cost Improved intra-bundle matrix quality and reduced process time
Shaping	Pseudo-isostatic pressing technique	For various shaping
Joining	Transient eutectic phase process Polymer-based process	Robust， hermetic permanent joining For generic purposes
Coating	Tungsten， other refractory metals Mullite， other oxides	Armor and sealing， for MFE and IFE Environmental barrier coatings

Fig.25 Rocket thrusters prepared by NITE process［86］

Fig.26 Appearance of combustion cycle-tested cylindrical NITE-SiCf/SiC liner［48］

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