Activity Evaluation of Multi-Source Solid Waste Preparation Admixtures and  Microscopic Properties of Cement Hydration Products

Abstract

Abstract: Granulated blast furnace slag (BFS) powder and fly ash (FA) in industrial waste have become the main admixtures for preparing Portland cement due to their typical pozzolanic properties. Whether recycled brick powder (RBP) and recycled concrete powder (RCP) in construction solid waste can be mixed with BFS and FA to prepare active admixtures is an important way to expand the utilization of multi-source solid waste resources. In this study, RBP, RCP, FA and BFS were used as raw materials to prepare admixtures by wet ball milling. The compressive strength test of binder was carried out with the content of the admixture as the variable, and activity of admixture was evaluated by the pozzolanic specific strength method. The hydration products were analyzed by XRD, TG-DTG, SEM and EDS. The results show that the admixtures prepared from four types of solid waste powders can effectively replace a portion of cement. The compressive strength of cement mortar containing admixtures can reach up to 74.2 MPa at 90 d. Due to the pozzolanic reactivity of RCP and RBP, the diffraction peak intensity of the hydration product CH phase decreases and the C-S-H peak widens after the reaction. Ca²⁺ and Si²⁺ in RCP and RBP promote the activation of siliceous and aluminum minerals in FA and BFS. The optimal mass fractions of each component in the active admixture prepared by the synergistic effect of active silicon and aluminum minerals are 15% RBP, 15% RCP, 15% FA, and 5% BFS. The application of active admixtures not only helps improve the utilization efficiency of various solid waste materials, but also helps reduce the dependence of the construction industry on ordinary cement.

Key words: multi-source solid waste, admixture, pozzolanic reactivity, silicon and aluminum mineral, hydration product, wet ball milling

CLC Number:

U414
TQ172

SIMA Xiaoqing, XIE Xiangbing, LI Guanghui, LIU Chenchen, ZHANG Yilin, SI Bin, JI Yang, SHAO Jinggan. Activity Evaluation of Multi-Source Solid Waste Preparation Admixtures and Microscopic Properties of Cement Hydration Products[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(3): 1069-1079.

References

[1] 张惠锋, 孙智, 周京京. 双碳背景下建筑垃圾在道路工程中资源化利用前景与完善标准体系的思考[J].工程建设标准化, 2023,(12): 85-88.
ZHANG H F, SUN Z, ZHOU J J. Reflections on the prospects of construction waste resource utilization and the improvement of standard systems in the context of dual carbon goals[J].Standardization of Engineering Construction, 2023,(12): 85-88 (in Chinese).
[2] BENHELAL E, SHAMSAEI E, RASHID M I. Challenges against CO₂ abatement strategies in cement industry: a review[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2021, 104: 84-101.
[3] BORDY A, YOUNSI A, AGGOUN S, et al. Cement substitution by a recycled cement paste fine: role of the residual anhydrous clinker[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 132: 1-8.
[4] WU M, ZHANG Y S, JIA Y T, et al. Study on the role of activators to the autogenous and drying shrinkage of lime-based low carbon cementitious materials[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 257: 120522.
[5] SILVA B A, FERREIRA PINTO A P, GOMES A. Natural hydraulic lime versus cement for blended lime mortars for restoration works[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 94: 346-360.
[6] WANG Y G, LIU X M, ZHU X, et al. Synergistic effect of red mud, desulfurized gypsum and fly ash in cementitious materials: mechanical performances and microstructure[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2023, 404: 133302.
[7] ZHANG W, GU J R, ZHOU X, et al. Circulating fluidized bed fly ash based multi-solid wastes road base materials: hydration characteristics and utilization of SO₃ and f-CaO[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 316: 128355.
[8] LI Y, LIU X M, LI Z P, et al. Preparation, characterization and application of red mud, fly ash and desulfurized gypsum based eco-friendly road base materials[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 284: 124777.
[9] GESOĞLU M, GÜNEYISI E, ÖZBAY E. Properties of self-compacting concretes made with binary, ternary, and quaternary cementitious blends of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2009, 23(5): 1847-1854.
[10] CHEN G F, LI S J, ZHAO Y S, et al. Hydration and microstructure evolution of a novel low-carbon concrete containing recycled clay brick powder and ground granulated blast furnace slag[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2023, 386: 131596.
[11] BAYRAKTAR O Y. The possibility of fly ash and blast furnace slag disposal by using these environmental wastes as substitutes in Portland cement[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019, 191(9): 560.
[12] ZHANG D S, HAO W W, YANG Q N. Experimental study on the application of recycled concrete waste powder in alkali-activated foamed concrete[J].Materials, 2023, 16(17): 5728.
[13] LIKES L, MARKANDEYA A, HAIDER M M, et al. Recycled concrete and brick powders as supplements to Portland cement for more sustainable concrete[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 364: 132651.
[14] WU P F, ZENG Q S, LIU X M, et al. Synergistic preparation of high-performance composite blast furnace slag powder from multiple industrial solid wastes: performance regulation and optimization[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2024, 411: 134231.
[15] OZTURK M, KARAASLAN M, AKGOL O, et al. Mechanical and electromagnetic performance of cement based composites containing different replacement levels of ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume and rice husk ash[J].Cement and Concrete Research, 2020, 136: 106177.
[16] 谢祥兵, 司马笑情, 张艺林, 等. 混合型再生砂粉对水泥稳定碎石抗冻和干缩性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(11): 4051-4062.
XIE X B, SIMA X Q, ZHANG Y L, et al. Effect of mixed recycled sand powder on frost resistance and dry shrinkage of cement-stabilized aggregates[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2023, 42(11): 4051-4062 (in Chinese).
[17] ESKANDARI-NADDAF H, KAZEMI R. ANN prediction of cement mortar compressive strength, influence of cement strength class[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 138: 1-11.
[18] 蒲心诚. 高强与超高强高性能混凝土的火山灰效应与强度构成分析[C]// 中国硅酸盐学会. 吴中伟院士从事科教工作六十年学术讨论会论文集. 2004: 154-157.
Pu X C. Analysis of volcanic ash effect and strength composition of high strength and ultra high strength high performance concrete[C]//Chinese Institute of Ceramics Academician. Wu Zhongwei has been engaged in scientific and educational work for 60 years. 2004: 154-157 (in Chinese).
[19] 王辉, 谢祥兵, 王凯威, 等. 再生复合微粉活性评价及其对胶砂强度影响因素分析[J].新型建筑材料, 2022, 49(8): 133-137+150.
WANG H, XIE X B, WANG K W, et al. Activity evaluation of recycled composite micro-powder and analysis of influencing factors on mortar strength[J].New Building Materials, 2022, 49(8): 133-137+150 (in Chinese).
[20] XU Z H, GAO J M, ZHAO Y S, et al. Promoting utilization rate of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS): incorporation of nanosilica to improve the properties of blended cement containing high volume GGBS[J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 332: 130096.
[21] LI Z P, XU G, SHI X M. Reactivity of coal fly ash used in cementitious binder systems: a state-of-the-art overview[J].Fuel, 2021, 301: 121031.
[22] 张德. 多源固废协同制备路用地聚物胶凝材料及其性能研究[D].呼和浩特: 内蒙古工业大学, 2023.
ZHANG D. Study on preparation process and performanceof road use geopolymer cementitious materialsprepared by multisource solid waste[D].Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University of Tehchnology, 2023 (in Chinese).
[23] DE MATOS P R, ANDRADE NETO J S, TAMBARA L U, et al. Measuring the early-age volumetric change of cement paste through in situ XRD[J].Materials Today Communications, 2023, 36: 106857.
[24] MAZLOOM M, SAFFARI A, MEHRVAND M. Compressive shear and torsional strength of beams made of self-compacting concrete[J].Computers and Concrete, 2015, 15(6): 935-950.
[25] KIM J J, FOLEY E M, REDA TAHA M M. Nano-mechanical characterization of synthetic calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) with varying CaO/SiO₂ mixture ratios[J].Cement and Concrete Composites, 2013, 36: 65-70.
[26] DUAN Y P, FENG M S, ZHONG X Y, et al. Thermodynamic simulation of carbonate cements-water-carbon dioxide equilibrium in sandstone for prediction of precipitation/dissolution of carbonate cements[J].PLoS One, 2016, 11(12): e0167035.
[27] GONZÁLEZ-SANTAMARíA D E, JUSTEL A, FERNÁNDEZ R, et al. SEM-EDX study of bentonite alteration under the influence of cement alkaline solutions[J].Applied Clay Science, 2021, 212: 106223.
[28] YANG K, ZHONG M Q, MAGEE B, et al. Investigation of effects of Portland cement fineness and alkali content on concrete plastic shrinkage cracking[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 144: 279-290.
[29] MIAO C, LIANG L X, ZHANG F, et al. Review of the fabrication and application of porous materials from silicon-rich industrial solid waste[J].International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2022, 29(3): 424-438.
[30] BENDIMERAD A Z, ROZIÈRE E, LOUKILI A. Plastic shrinkage and cracking risk of recycled aggregates concrete[J].Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 121: 733-745.
[31] 朱增超, 刘贤平, 水中和, 等. 固废基复合胶凝材料配比优化设计及协同效应研究[J].硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(12): 4368-4377+4388.
ZHU Z C, LIU X P, SHUI Z H, et al. Mix ratio optimization design and synergistic effect study of multi-source solid waste binders[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2023, 42(12): 4368-4377+4388 (in Chinese).
[32] HONORIO T, BARY B, BENBOUDJEMA F. Thermal properties of cement-based materials: multiscale estimations at early-age[J].Cement and Concrete Composites, 2018, 87: 205-219.
[33] ZHU S Y, LIU H, DONG J C, et al. Research on carbon dioxide reduction technologies and its costs in China's cement industry[J].Environmental Engineering Cheng, 2021,39(10): 15-22.
[34] ZHANG J, LI H Y, ZHANG X L, et al. Process improvement of polyvinyl chloride production using caustic soda and calcium carbide method[J] Chemical Design Communication News, 2019, 45 (09): 110+138.

Activity Evaluation of Multi-Source Solid Waste Preparation Admixtures and Microscopic Properties of Cement Hydration Products

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WANG Lijun, ZHU Pengcheng, PU Rumin, ZHOU Xiaohan, WANG Zhiqing. Effects of Mineral Admixtures on Sulfate Erosion Resistance of Cement Mortar [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(3): 862-871.
[2]	WEN Xiaoyun, TONG Xiong, SHANG Jiangtao, CHE Yuan, CHEN Kezhen, XIE Xian, FAN Peiqiang. Progress on Application and Mechanical Properties of Phosphogypsum Cementitious Materials [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(3): 953-969.
[3]	HUANG Feiheng, XIN Yangfan, JIANG Congcong, WANG Yu, ZHANG Lina, CHENG Xin, LU Xiaolei, LIU Shaorui. Preparation of Solid Waste-Based Admixtures and Its Effect on Chloride Resistance of Composite Cementitious Materials [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(3): 1050-1056.
[4]	LI Xiangguo, GONG Zhixiong, MA Weinan, LI Shuguo, ZHANG Chengshan, DAN Jianming, LYU Yang. Preparation and Properties of Multi-Source Solid Waste-Based High Belite Ferroaluminate Cement [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(2): 579-589.
[5]	ZHANG Jinlong, TANG Mengxiong, ZHONG Conghao, HU Jiabing, SHAO Qiang, ZHONG Kaihong. Effect of Nano-C-S-H Seeds Early-Strength Agent on Early Hydration of Cement [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(1): 21-30.
[6]	ZHANG Jinfei, MA Qi, MU Song, GUO Zheng, ZHUANG Zhijie, QIAO Hongxia, HONG Jinxiang. Effect and Mechanism Analysis of Carboxylic Acid Type Hydrophobic Agent on Cement Hydration [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(8): 2768-2777.
[7]	LI Lin, WANG Yu, MA Yuying, SHEN Hanqi, LUO Jianghong. Thermal Conductivity and Pore Structure of Foam Concrete Based on Orthogonal Test [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(8): 2888-2896.
[8]	TANG Pei, WEN Jiaqi, CHEN Wei. Influence Mechanism of Sodium Aluminate on Properties of Phosphogypsum Slag Dry-Hard Cement [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(8): 2924-2932.
[9]	ZHANG Yudong, ZHANG Jiashuai, JIA Jilong, LI Xiaochen, HUO Gang, XIE Long, MENG Zhipeng, GAO Yuzeng, CAO Yingzhuo. Analysis of Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Concrete with Full Replacement of Coarse Aggregate [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(8): 3005-3016.
[10]	LI Hongxuan, QI Dongyou, ZOU Delin, WANG Jianfeng, WANG Zhiyong, HAO Lulu, WANG Yali, ZHANG Yu, LIU Hongyin. Comparative Study on Hydration Process of Ferroaluminate, Sulfoaluminate and Portland Cement [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(7): 2335-2345.
[11]	LI Kang, GAO Meng, ZOU Min, LIU Juanhong, XIE Yongjiang. Influence of Carbonate Environment on Performance and Microscopic Characteristics of Tunnel Concrete [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(7): 2415-2426.
[12]	ZHANG Biao, LIU Hongyu, QI Nan, WANG Fen, ZHU Jianfeng, LI Li, MA Tao, LUO Hongjie, SHI Pei. Effect of Graphene Oxide on Hydration and Mchanical Properties of Natural Hydraulic Lime [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(7): 2640-2648.
[13]	JIA Yantao, LI Zhiheng, WANG Dafu, WU Meng. Effect of Low Humidity and Varying Temperature Environment on Performance of Cement under Sulfate Attack [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(6): 1965-1974.
[14]	PEI Junjun, YUAN Bowen, GAO Min, GUO Qilong, LIN Zhenghong, HEI Yameng. Properties of Multi-Component Composite Cementitious System of Regenerated Micropowder [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(5): 1812-1821.
[15]	ZHANG Zhaorui, SHAN Junhong, WANG Rongrong, LI Chun, SHI Shengran. Preparation and Performance of Phosphorus Building Gypsum-Based Sandless Self-Leveling Mortar [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(4): 1455-1462.