Durability of Ternary Geopolymer Grouting Materials Based on Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Abstract: To meet the durability requirements of synchronous grouting materials for tunnels under complex geological conditions, ternary geopolymer grouting materials were prepared using materials such as fly ash, slag and metakaolin, and their durability performance was studied. On the basis of exploring the physicochemical properties of raw materials, a durability test was designed using Box Behnken in response surface methodology. The test results were analyzed for significance, variance and three-dimensional response surface methodology. XRD, SEM and EDS were used to analyze the microstructure and hydration products of the polymer stone body. The results show that fly ash, metakaolin and slag can form a complementary effect, and their interaction has a significant impact on the erosion coefficient of grouting materials, which can effectively enhance their resistance to sulfate ion erosion. Prediction determination coefficient R²_pred is 0.932 8, the relative error of the experiment is 0.71%, and the model accuracy is high. Through optimization, the optimal mix ratio parameters are cement 45.183% (mass fraction, the same below), fly ash 20%, metakaolin 20% and slag 14.817%. The hydration products of geopolymer grouting materials are mainly calcite, C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H gel, which are closely connected and grow in a staggered manner, forming a dense three-dimensional spatial network structure support system, effectively enhancing the durability of the materials. The research results can provide reference for the subsequent research and production application of durability performance of ternary geopolymer grouting materials.

Key words: geopolymer, fly ash, slag, metakaolin, durability

CLC Number:

U455

CHEN Shijun, GONG Mulian, LIU Suyi, HUA Sixu, JIN Xiuwei, WANG Hao. Durability of Ternary Geopolymer Grouting Materials Based on Response Surface Methodology[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(3): 938-947.

References

[1] 中华人民共和国国务院. “十四五”现代综合交通运输体系发展规划[Z]. 北京:中华人民共和国国务院, 2022, 国发〔2021〕27号.
State Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Development plan for modern comprehensive transportation system during the 14th Five Year Plan[Z]. State Council of the PRC, 2022, State issue〔2021〕 No.27 (in Chinese).
[2] 王磊, 李金丞, 张晓伟, 等. 地质聚合物激发剂及其激发原理[J]. 无机盐工业, 2022, 54(2): 16-20.
WANG L, LI J C, ZHANG X W, et al. Geopolymer activator and its excitation principle[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry, 2022, 54(2): 16-20 (in Chinese).
[3] 乔宏霞, 胡宸瑞, 路承功, 等. 基于不同环境下掺粉煤灰混凝土耐久性试验研究[J]. 混凝土, 2018(5): 64-67+71.
QIAO H X, HU C R, LU C G, et al. Experimental study on durability of fly ash concrete based-on different environment[J]. Concrete, 2018(5): 64-67+71 (in Chinese).
[4] 孙道胜, 程星星, 刘开伟, 等. 硫酸盐侵蚀下石膏的形成及破坏机制研究现状[J]. 材料导报, 2018, 32(23): 4135-4141.
SUN D S, CHENG X X, LIU K W, et al. Current knowledge of deterioration mechanism of gypsum formation during sulfate attack[J]. Materials Review, 2018, 32(23): 4135-4141 (in Chinese).
[5] 2022年水泥行业经济运行形势分析[J]. 中国建材, 2023, 72(3): 72-75.
Cement industry operating situation in 2022[J]. China Building Materials, 2023, 72(3): 72-75 (in Chinese).
[6] LIN Y Z, WANG Q J, WU C S, et al. Performance analysis of steel slag powder-coal gangue grouting material[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021, 787(1): 012046.
[7] GUO L Z, ZHOU M, WANG X Y, et al. Preparation of coal gangue-slag-fly ash geopolymer grouting materials[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 328: 126997.
[8] 张健, 王川, 李召峰, 等. 赤泥基绿色高性能注浆材料工程特性试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(增刊2): 3339-3352.
ZHANG J, WANG C, LI Z F, et al. Experimental study on engineering characteristics of red mud-based green high performance grouting material[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2022, 41(supplement 2): 3339-3352 (in Chinese).
[9] 王新频. 碱激发矿渣水泥水化C-A-S-H凝胶微观结构的研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2019, 38(4): 1062-1067.
WANG X P. Microstructure of the C-A-S-H gels formed in alkali-activated slag cement pastes[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(4): 1062-1067 (in Chinese).
[10] 曹向阳, 杨建森. 地聚合物及其混凝土的胶凝性质概述[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2019, 38(7): 2095-2103.
CAO X Y, YANG J S. Overview of cementing properties of geopolymer and geopolymer concrete[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(7): 2095-2103 (in Chinese).
[11] 张大旺, 王栋民. 地质聚合物混凝土研究现状[J]. 材料导报, 2018, 32(9): 1519-1527+1540.
ZHANG D W, WANG D M. Research status of geopolymer concrete[J]. Materials Review, 2018, 32(9): 1519-1527+1540 (in Chinese).
[12] 章定文, 王安辉. 地聚合物胶凝材料性能及工程应用研究综述[J]. 建筑科学与工程学报, 2020, 37(5): 13-38.
ZHANG D W, WANG A H. Review on property of geopolymer binder and its engineering application[J]. Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2020, 37(5): 13-38 (in Chinese).
[13] 余春松, 张玲玲, 郑大伟, 等. 固废基地质聚合物的研究及其应用进展[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2022, 52(4): 529-546.
YU C S, ZHANG L L, ZHENG D W, et al. Research progress of geopolymer materials prepared from solid waste and their applications[J]. Scientia Sinica (Technologica), 2022, 52(4): 529-546 (in Chinese).
[14] 杨达, 卢明阳, 宋迪, 等. 地质聚合物水泥的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(S1): 644-649.
YANG D, LU M Y, SONG D, et al. Research progress of geopolymer cement[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(S1): 644-649 (in Chinese).
[15] 杨敬斌, 方媛, 李东旭. 碱胶凝材料水化产物C-A-S-H与N-A-S-H的研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2017, 36(10): 3292-3297+3310.
YANG J B, FANG Y, LI D X. Hydration products C-A-S-H and N-A-S-H of alkali-activated materials[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2017, 36(10): 3292-3297+3310 (in Chinese).
[16] 覃丽芳, 曲波, 史才军, 等. 钙硅比对铝硅酸盐凝胶形成与特性的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(12): 12057-12063.
QIN L F, QU B, SHI C J, et al. Effect of Ca/Si ratio on the formation and characteristics of synthetic aluminosilicate hydrate gels[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(12): 12057-12063 (in Chinese).
[17] 申一文, 解姣姣, 朱洪涛, 等. 颗粒物再悬浮装置研制及稳定性测试[J]. 环境化学, 2018, 37(10): 2113-2123.
SHEN Y W, XIE J J, ZHU H T, et al. Development and stability test of a particulate matters resuspension device[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2018, 37(10): 2113-2123 (in Chinese).
[18] 沈少伟, 颜树华, 周春雷, 等. 基于散射原理的激光粒度测试仪研究[J]. 半导体光电, 2009, 30(5): 770-773.
SHEN S W, YAN S H, ZHOU C L, et al. Research of laser particle sizer based on scattering theory[J]. Semiconductor Optoelectronics, 2009, 30(5): 770-773 (in Chinese).
[19] ZHANG Y M, NAPIER-MUNN T J. Effects of particle size distribution, surface area and chemical composition on Portland cement strength[J]. Powder Technology, 1995, 83(3): 245-252.
[20] MEHTA P K. Influence of fly ash characteristics on the strength of portland-fly ash mixtures[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1985, 15(4): 669-674.
[21] BINICI H, AKSOGAN O, CAGATAY I H, et al. The effect of particle size distribution on the properties of blended cements incorporating GGBFS and natural pozzolan (NP)[J]. Powder Technology, 2007, 177(3): 140-147.
[22] 杨世林. 粉煤灰-矿渣地聚物混凝土的制备及其纤维改性研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2021.
YANG S L. Study on preparation and fiber modification of fly ash-slag geopolymer concrete[D].Xi'an: Changan University, 2021 (in Chinese).
[23] 李志平. 水泥基复合胶凝材料的优化设计及水化性能研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2021.
LI Z P. Optimal design and hydration performance of cement-based composite cementitious materials[D].Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2021 (in Chinese).
[24] 耿大新, 胡宇琛, 廖煜祺, 等. 基于响应面法的泥水盾构同步注浆材料性能[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2021, 21(15): 6479-6486.
GENG D X, HU Y C, LIAO Y Q, et al. Performance of synchronous grouting material for slurry shield based on response surface method[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21(15): 6479-6486 (in Chinese).
[25] 刘树龙, 王发刚, 李公成, 等. 基于响应面法的复合充填料浆配比优化及微观结构影响机制[J]. 复合材料学报, 2021, 38(8): 2724-2736.
LIU S L, WANG F G, LI G C, et al. Optimization of mixture ratio and microstructure influence mechanism of composite filling slurry based on response surface method[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2021, 38(8): 2724-2736 (in Chinese).
[26] 刘新, 冯攀, 沈叙言, 等. 水泥水化产物: 水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(9): 9157-9167.
LIU X, FENG P, SHEN X Y, et al. Advances in the understanding of cement hydrate: calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H)[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(9): 9157-9167 (in Chinese).
[27] 刘开伟, 王爱国, 孙道胜, 等. 硫酸盐侵蚀下钙矾石的形成和膨胀机理研究现状[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2016, 35(12): 4014-4019.
LIU K W, WANG A G, SUN D S, et al. Recent progress of ettringite formation and its expansion mechanisms during sulfate attack[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2016, 35(12): 4014-4019 (in Chinese).
[28] 钱觉时, 余金城, 孙化强, 等. 钙矾石的形成与作用[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2017, 45(11): 1569-1581.
QIAN J S, YU J C, SUN H Q, et al. Formation and function of ettringite in cement hydrates[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2017, 45(11): 1569-1581 (in Chinese).
[29] 李茂辉, 杨志强, 王有团, 等. 粉煤灰复合胶凝材料充填体强度与水化机理研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2015, 44(4): 650-655+695.
LI M H, YANG Z Q, WANG Y T, et al. Experiment study of compressive strength and mechanical property of filling body for fly ash composite cementitious materials[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2015, 44(4): 650-655+695 (in Chinese).