Research Progress on Cl- Binding Capacity of Portland Cement and Aluminium-Rich Material Composite Systems

Abstract

Abstract: Chloride (Cl^-) corrosion is the main problem affecting the service life of reinforced concrete. Because Portland cement and aluminium-rich material (fly ash, slag, etc.) composite systems effectively bind Cl^- and improve the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete, they have attracted considerable research attention. However, the horizontal comparison of Cl^- binding capacity of different Portland cement and aluminium-rich material composite systems in existing research is insufficient. First, the process of physical adsorption and chemical binding of chloride in the cement-based system was introduced. Then, Cl^- binding capacity of Portland cement and aluminium-rich material composite systems was summarised, and the Cl^- binding capacity of composite systems in previous publications was compared with Al₂O₃ content as the main variable. In addition, various factors affecting the Cl^- binding capacity of composite systems were described and analysed. Finally, a more accurate scheme for measuring and comparing the Cl^- binding capacity of various Portland cement and aluminium-rich material composite systems for subsequent research was provided, and a theoretical basis for the design of novel high-performance Portland cement and aluminium-rich material composite systems was provided.

Key words: aluminium-rich material, Cl^- binding capacity, Portland cement, fly ash, slag, metakaolin, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, aluminate cement

CLC Number:

TU528
TQ172

ZHANG Yishuang, ZHOU Jian, LI Hui, XU Mingfeng. Research Progress on Cl^- Binding Capacity of Portland Cement and Aluminium-Rich Material Composite Systems[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1672-1687.

References

[1] THOMAS M. Chloride thresholds in marine concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1996, 26(4): 513-519.
[2] MANGAT P S, GURUSAMY K. Chloride diffusion in steel fibre reinforced marine concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1987, 17(3): 385-396.
[3] APOSTOLOPOULOS C A, DEMIS S, PAPADAKIS V G. Chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement-mechanical performance and pit depth analysis[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2013, 38: 139-146.
[4] CAI R, HAN T H, LIAO W Y, et al. Prediction of surface chloride concentration of marine concrete using ensemble machine learning[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2020, 136: 106164.
[5] MEIRA G R, ANDRADE C, ALONSO C, et al. Modelling sea-salt transport and deposition in marine atmosphere zone: a tool for corrosion studies[J]. Corrosion Science, 2008, 50(9): 2724-2731.
[6] CHANG H L, JIN Z Q, WANG P G, et al. Comprehensive resistance of fair-faced concrete suffering from sulfate attack under marine environments[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 277: 122312.
[7] YI Y, ZHU D J, GUO S C, et al. A review on the deterioration and approaches to enhance the durability of concrete in the marine environment[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2020, 113: 103695.
[8] ZHOU Y, GENCTURK B, WILLAM K, et al. Carbonation-induced and chloride-induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2015, 27(9): 04014245.
[9] ZHU Q, JIANG L H, CHEN Y, et al. Effect of chloride salt type on chloride binding behavior of concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2012, 37: 512-517.
[10] SURYAVANSHI A K, SCANTLEBURY J D, LYON S B. Corrosion of reinforcement steel embedded in high water-cement ratio concrete contaminated with chloride[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1998, 20(4): 263-281.
[11] BALONIS M, LOTHENBACH B, LE SAOUT G, et al. Impact of chloride on the mineralogy of hydrated Portland cement systems[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, 40(7): 1009-1022.
[12] LUO R, CAI Y B, WANG C Y, et al. Study of chloride binding and diffusion in GGBS concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2003, 33(1): 1-7.
[13] BAO L S, ZHANG X F, YU L, et al. Study on solidification mechanism of chloride salt in base course material of cement-fly-ash-flushed-by-seawater[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 236/237/238: 755-761.
[14] ANN K Y, KIM T S, KIM J H, et al. The resistance of high alumina cement against corrosion of steel in concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2010, 24(8): 1502-1510.
[15] RAMACHANDRAN V S. Possible states of chloride in the hydration of tricalcium silicate in the presence of calcium chloride[J]. Matériaux et Construction, 1971, 4(1): 3-12.
[16] LABBEZ C, POCHARD I, JÖNSSON B, et al. C-S-H/solution interface: experimental and Monte Carlo studies[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2011, 41(2): 161-168.
[17] YOSHIDA S, ELAKNESWARAN Y, NAWA T. Electrostatic properties of C-S-H and C-A-S-H for predicting calcium and chloride adsorption[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2021, 121: 104109.
[18] CAO Q Y, XU Y D, FANG J K, et al. Influence of pore size and fatigue loading on NaCl transport properties in C-S-H nanopores: a molecular dynamics simulation[J]. Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2020, 13(3): 700.
[19] ZIBARA H. Binding of external chlorides by cement pastes[D]. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2001.
[20] XU J X, ZHANG C K, JIANG L H, et al. Releases of bound chlorides from chloride-admixed plain and blended cement pastes subjected to sulfate attacks[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2013, 45: 53-59.
[21] MAVROPOULOU N, KATSIOTIS N, GIANNAKOPOULOS J, et al. Durability evaluation of cement exposed to combined action of chloride and sulphate ions at elevated temperature: the role of limestone filler[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 124: 558-565.
[22] 王绍东, 黄煜镔, 王智. 水泥组分对混凝土固化氯离子能力的影响[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2000, 28(6): 570-574.
WANG S D, HUANG Y B, WANG Z. Concrete resistance to chloride ingress: effect of cement composition[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2000, 28(6): 570-574 (in Chinese).
[23] APPELO C A J. The anion exchange properties of AFm (hydrocalumite-group) minerals defined from solubility experiments and crystallographic information[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2021, 140: 106270.
[24] FLOREA M V A, BROUWERS H J H. Chloride binding related to hydration products[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2012, 42(2): 282-290.
[25] CHEN P, MA B G, TAN H B, et al. Effects of amorphous aluminum hydroxide on chloride immobilization in cement-based materials[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 231: 117171.
[26] ZHAO Y F, HU X, YUAN Q, et al. Effects of water to binder ratio on the chloride binding behaviour of artificial seawater cement paste blended with metakaolin and silica fume[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 353: 129110.
[27] 王小刚, 史才军, 何富强, 等. 氯离子结合及其对水泥基材料微观结构的影响[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2013, 41(2): 187-198.
WANG X G, SHI C J, HE F Q, et al. Chloride binding and its effects on microstructure of cement-based materials[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2013, 41(2): 187-198 (in Chinese).
[28] HIRAO H, YAMADA K, TAKAHASHI H, et al. Chloride binding of cement estimated by binding isotherms of hydrates[J]. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 2005, 3(1): 77-84.
[29] WANG Y Y, SHUI Z H, GAO X, et al. Chloride binding capacity and phase modification of alumina compound blended cement paste under chloride attack[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2020, 108: 103537.
[30] YANG L, CHEN M X, LU Z Y, et al. Synthesis of CaFeAl layered double hydroxides 2D nanosheets and the adsorption behaviour of chloride in simulated marine concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2020, 114: 103817.
[31] 钱觉时, 吴传明, 王智. 粉煤灰的矿物组成(上)[J]. 粉煤灰综合利用, 2001, 14(1): 26-31.
QIAN J S, WU C M, WANG Z. Mineral composition of fly ash (Ⅰ)[J]. Fly Ash Comprehensive Utilization, 2001, 14(1): 26-31 (in Chinese).
[32] 厉超. 矿渣、高/低钙粉煤灰玻璃体及其水化特性研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2011.
LI C. Research on the glass phase of slag, high calcium fly ash and low calcium fly ash and their hydration mechanism[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2011 (in Chinese).
[33] QIAO C Y, SURANENI P, NATHALENE WEI YING T, et al. Chloride binding of cement pastes with fly ash exposed to CaCl₂ solutions at 5 and 23 ℃[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2019, 97: 43-53.
[34] 李东, 朱月圆, 耿健, 等. 矿物掺合料和CLDH对水泥基材料氯离子固化性能研究[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 51(3): 344-349.
LI D, ZHU Y Y, GENG J, et al. A study on curing charateristics of chloride ions binding in cement based materials with mineral admixture and CLDH[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 51(3): 344-349 (in Chinese).
[35] TENG Y B, LIU S H, ZHANG Z C, et al. Effect of triethanolamine on the chloride binding capacity of cement paste with a high volume of fly ash[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 315: 125612.
[36] 于方, 杨海成, 范志宏, 等. 养护龄期和矿物掺合料对砂浆氯离子结合能力的影响[J]. 水运工程, 2019(1): 55-59+94.
YU F, YANG H C, FAN Z H, et al. Effect of curing age and mineral admixture on chloride ion binding capacity of mortar[J]. Port & Waterway Engineering, 2019(1): 55-59+94 (in Chinese).
[37] HU X, POON C S. Chloride-related steel corrosion initiation in cement paste prepared with the incorporation of blast-furnace slag[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2022, 126: 104349.
[38] LI W, YI L M, JIANG W, et al. Effects of ultrafine blast furnace slag on the microstructure and chloride transport in cementitious systems under cyclic drying-wetting conditions[J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(8): 4064.
[39] THOMAS M D A, BAMFORTH P B. Modelling chloride diffusion in concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1999, 29(4): 487-495.
[40] QU F L, LI W G, GUO Y P, et al. Chloride-binding capacity of cement-GGBFS-nanosilica composites under seawater chloride-rich environment[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 342: 127890.
[41] 李阳. 偏高岭土提高水泥性能及水化机理研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2017.
LI Y. Research on improving the performance of cement and hydration mechanism of metakaolin[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2017 (in Chinese).
[42] BABAAHMADI A, MACHNER A, KUNTHER W, et al. Chloride binding in Portland composite cements containing metakaolin and silica fume[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2022, 161: 106924.
[43] LI S C, JIN Z Q, YU Y. Chloride binding by calcined layered double hydroxides and alumina-rich cementitious materials in mortar mixed with seawater and sea sand[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 293: 123493.
[44] GUO Y Q, ZHANG T S, DU J P, et al. The chloride binding capacity and stability of gap-graded blended cement with calcined hydrotalcite and metakaolin[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2022, 49: 104093.
[45] GARCIA R, DE LA RUBIA M A, ENRIQUEZ E, et al. Chloride binding capacity of metakaolin and nanosilica supplementary pozzolanic cementitious materials in aqueous phase[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 298: 123903.
[46] 黄政宇, 李涛. 超高性能混凝土基体中氯离子结合特性的研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2016, 13(10): 1912-1918.
HUANG Z Y, LI T. Study of chloride binding property in ultra high performance concrete matrix[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2016, 13(10): 1912-1918 (in Chinese).
[47] MA J, WANG H N, YU Z Q, et al. A systematic review on durability of calcium sulphoaluminate cement-based materials in chloride environment[J]. Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 2022: 1-12.
[48] 赵军, 王卫仑, 蔡高创. 内掺型氯离子在硫铝酸盐水泥中结合特性研究[J]. 混凝土, 2010(3): 23-25.
ZHAO J, WANG W L, CAI G C. Study on inner mixed type chloride bonding regulation in sulphoaluminate cement[J]. Concrete, 2010(3): 23-25 (in Chinese).
[49] LOTHENBACH B, LE SAOUT G, GALLUCCI E, et al. Influence of limestone on the hydration of Portland cements[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2008, 38(6): 848-860.
[50] QIAN R S, ZHANG Y S, LIU C, et al. Effects of supplementary cementitious materials on pore-solution chemistry of blended cements[J]. Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 2022, 11(6): 389-407.
[51] ANGST U M. Challenges and opportunities in corrosion of steel in concrete[J].Materials and Structures, 2018, 51(1): 1-20.
[52] KALOGRIDIS D, KOSTOGLOUDIS G C, FTIKOS C, et al. A quantitative study of the influence of non-expansive sulfoaluminate cement on the corrosion of steel reinforcement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2000, 30(11): 1731-1740.
[53] ANDAC M, GLASSER F P. Pore solution composition of calcium sulfoaluminate cement[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 1999, 11(1): 23-26.
[54] WINNEFELD F, LOTHENBACH B. Hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cements—experimental findings and thermodynamic modelling[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, 40(8): 1239-1247.
[55] TANG S W, ZHU H G, LI Z J, et al. Hydration stage identification and phase transformation of calcium sulfoaluminate cement at early age[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 75: 11-18.
[56] JANOTKA I, KRAJČAI L. An experimental study on the upgrade of sulfoaluminate—belite cement systems by blending with Portland cement[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 1999, 11(1): 35-41.
[57] SEREEWATTHANAWUT I, PANSUK W, PHEINSUSOM P, et al. Chloride-induced corrosion of a galvanized steel-embedded calcium sulfoaluminate stucco system[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2021, 44: 103376.
[58] 王凌波, 詹树林, 唐旭东, 等. 钢筋在硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆中的腐蚀行为研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2020, 39(2): 337-343.
WANG L B, ZHAN S L, TANG X D, et al. Corrosion behavior of steel in calcium sulfoaluminate cement mortar[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2020, 39(2): 337-343 (in Chinese).
[59] 郑连丛, 叶正茂, 朱元娜, 等. 氯盐环境中硫铝酸盐水泥的耐侵蚀行为[J]. 济南大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 25(2): 111-114.
ZHENG L C, YE Z M, ZHU Y N, et al. Resistance to chloride attack of sulphoaluminate cement[J]. Journal of University of Jinan (Science and Technology), 2011, 25(2): 111-114 (in Chinese).
[60] 赵军, 蔡高创, 高丹盈. 硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀机理分析[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2011, 14(3): 357-361.
ZHAO J, CAI G C, GAO D Y. Analysis of mechanism of resistance to chloride ion erosion of sulphoaluminate cement concrete[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2011, 14(3): 357-361 (in Chinese).
[61] PAUL G, BOCCALERI E, BUZZI L, et al. Friedel’s salt formation in sulfoaluminate cements: a combined XRD and ²⁷Al MAS NMR study[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2015, 67: 93-102.
[62] JEN G, STOMPINIS N, JONES R. Chloride ingress in a belite-calcium sulfoaluminate cement matrix[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2017, 98: 130-135.
[63] TANG S W, YUAN J H, CAI R J, et al. Continuous monitoring for leaching of calcium sulfoaluminate cement pastes incorporated with ZnCl₂ under the attacks of chloride and sulfate[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 223: 91-98.
[64] PANG F J, WEI C B, ZHANG Z Y, et al. The migration and immobilization for heavy metal chromium ions in the hydration products of calcium sulfoaluminate cement and their leaching behavior[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 365: 132778.
[65] LI G X, BAI Z H, ZHANG G, et al. Study on properties and degradation mechanism of calcium sulphoaluminate cement-ordinary Portland cement binary repair material under seawater erosion[J]. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2022, 17: e01440.
[66] ZHANG J J, YE C B, TAN H B, et al. Potential application of Portland cement-sulfoaluminate cement system in precast concrete cured under ambient temperature[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 251: 118869.
[67] BERTOLA F, GASTALDI D, IRICO S, et al. Behavior of blends of CSA and Portland cements in high chloride environment[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 262: 120852.
[68] GUIRADO F, GALÍ S, CHINCHÓN J S. Thermal decomposition of hydrated alumina cement (CAH₁₀)[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1998, 28(3): 381-390.
[69] SON H M, PARK S M, JANG J G, et al. Effect of nano-silica on hydration and conversion of calcium aluminate cement[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 169: 819-825.
[70] MIDGLEY H G. Quantitative determination of phases in high alumina cement clinkers by X-ray diffraction[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1976, 6(2): 217-223.
[71] MOSTAFA N Y, ZAKI Z I, ABD ELKADER O H. Chemical activation of calcium aluminate cement composites cured at elevated temperature[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2012, 34(10): 1187-1193.
[72] KIRCA Ö, ÖZGÜR YAMAN ,TOKYAY M. Compressive strength development of calcium aluminate cement-GGBFS blends[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2013, 35(1): 163-170.
[73] ZHU Z Y, WANG Z P, XU L L, et al. Phase-dependent study of chloride binding capacity and its relation to the properties of CAC[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2022, 46: 103718.
[74] WANG J A, WANG S D, HENKELMAN G. Improved chloride binding stability for hydration products of calcium aluminates by phosphorus modification[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2022, 105(7): 4870-4882.
[75] JIN S H, YANG H J, HWANG J P, et al. Corrosion behaviour of steel in CAC-mixed concrete containing different concentrations of chloride[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 110: 227-234.
[76] XU L L, WANG P M, ZHANG G F. Formation of ettringite in Portland cement/calcium aluminate cement/calcium sulfate ternary system hydrates at lower temperatures[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2012, 31: 347-352.
[77] LI G X, ZHANG A, SONG Z P, et al. Study on the resistance to seawater corrosion of the cementitious systems containing ordinary Portland cement or/and calcium aluminate cement[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 157: 852-859.
[78] WU J, LI H M, WANG Z, et al. Transport model of chloride ions in concrete under loads and drying-wetting cycles[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 112: 733-738.
[79] SCHNEIDER U, NÄGELE E, DUMAT F. Stress corrosion initiated cracking of concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1986, 16(4): 535-544.
[80] KIM D H, SHIMURA K, HORIGUCHI T. Effect of tensile loading on chloride penetration of concrete mixed with granulated blast furnace slag[J]. Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 2010, 8(1): 27-34.
[81] CHEN F, GAO J M, QI B, et al. Degradation progress of concrete subject to combined sulfate-chloride attack under drying-wetting cycles and flexural loading[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 151: 164-171.
[82] LI D W, LI L Y, LI P, et al. Modelling of convection, diffusion and binding of chlorides in concrete during wetting-drying cycles[J]. Marine Structures, 2022, 84: 103240.
[83] 张立明, 余红发, 何忠茂. 干湿循环和粉煤灰掺量对混凝土氯离子结合能力的影响[J]. 混凝土, 2013(1): 66-68+72.
ZHANG L M, YU H F, HE Z M. Influence of fly ash admixture and wet-dry times on chloride binding capacity of concrete[J]. Concrete, 2013(1): 66-68+72 (in Chinese).
[84] GUERRERO A, GOÑI S, ALLEGRO V R. Effect of temperature on the durability of class C fly ash belite cement in simulated radioactive liquid waste: synergy of chloride and sulphate ions[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 165(1/2/3): 903-908.
[85] 勾密峰, 管学茂, 张海波. 单硫型水化硫铝酸钙对氯离子的固化作用[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2012, 15(6): 863-866.
GOU M F, GUAN X M, ZHANG H B. Chloride binding in monosulfoaluminate hydrate[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2012, 15(6): 863-866 (in Chinese).
[86] JIANG W Q, SHEN X H, HONG S X, et al. Binding capacity and diffusivity of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw and chloride attack: a numerical study[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2019, 186: 106093.
[87] TRITTHART J. Chloride binding in cement II. The influence of the hydroxide concentration in the pore solution of hardened cement paste on chloride binding[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1989, 19(5): 683-691.
[88] SURYAVANSHI A K, SCANTLEBURY J D, LYON S B. Mechanism of Friedel’s salt formation in cements rich in tri-calcium aluminate[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1996, 26(5): 717-727.
[89] YUAN Q, SHI C J, DE SCHUTTER G, et al. Chloride binding of cement-based materials subjected to external chloride environment: a review[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2009, 23(1): 1-13.
[90] HEMSTAD P, MACHNER A, DE WEERDT K. The effect of artificial leaching with HCl on chloride binding in ordinary Portland cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2020, 130: 105976.
[91] SURYAVANSHI A K, NARAYAN SWAMY R. Stability of Friedel’s salt in carbonated concrete structural elements[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1996, 26(5): 729-741.
[92] ARYA C, BUENFELD N R, NEWMAN J B. Factors influencing chloride-binding in concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1990, 20(2): 291-300.
[93] CHEN P, MA B G, TAN H B, et al. Utilization of barium slag to improve chloride-binding ability of cement-based material[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 283: 124612.
[94] 勾密峰, 管学茂, 孙倩. 水化硅酸钙对氯离子的吸附[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2015, 18(3): 363-368.
GOU M F, GUAN X M, SUN Q. Adsorption of chloride ion by calcium silicate hydrate[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2015, 18(3): 363-368 (in Chinese).

Research Progress on Cl^- Binding Capacity of Portland Cement and Aluminium-Rich Material Composite Systems

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	YUAN Bo, ZHAO Liang, LI Bo, CHEN Wei, TANG Pei, CAO Hailin, GUO Yue. High Efficiency Chromium Reducing Agent for Cement Based on Nitrite Intercalated LDHs [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1542-1550.
[2]	WANG Zhiyong, WU Shengguo, QI Dongyou, ZHENG Jing, ZHANG Yu, WANG Xiaoke. Effect of Ferrite Phase on Formation of Ferroaluminate Cement Clinker [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1561-1568.
[3]	LI Chuanxi, XIA Yuhang, WANG Shengjie, DENG Shuai, JIANG Jian. Preparation and Mechanism of Super-Early-Strength UHPC with Initial Setting Time over 30 min [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1630-1639.
[4]	YANG Mengjun, CAO Yidong, LIN Chang, XU Shuying, PAN Lisha. Rheological Properties, Setting Time and Compressive Strength of Low Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1721-1730.
[5]	WANG Yanan, ZHAO Deqiang, LI Zhengwang, GAO Xiang, SHEN Weiguo, WANG Guiming, ZHANG Wensheng. Mineral Phase Transformation and Properties of Steel Slag in Process of Melting and Sintering [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1731-1739.
[6]	YE Yuanlin, LUO Liqun, CHEN Rongsheng, WANG Mingxi, LIU Cheng, LEI Yanming. Performance and Application Mechanism of Copper Slag Tailings as Filler of Asphalt Mixture [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1740-1749.
[7]	XUE Xingyong, HAN Yaocong, SU Qiaoqiao, XU Mengxue, CUI Xuemin. Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Copper Slag-Based Phosphate Cementitious Materials [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1750-1757.
[8]	CHEN Shanghong, LIN Jiafu, YANG Zhengxian, ZHANG Yong, XIONG Xiaoli. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Steel Slag-Slag Pervious Concrete [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1767-1777.
[9]	YAO Kai, LI Qing, WANG Penghuai, CHEN Ping, LI Juntong, MING Yang. Effect of Sodium Stearate on Water Absorption Rate of Alkali-Activated Slag-Red Mud Cementitious Material [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1778-1784.
[10]	LI Xueying, TANG Yong, PAN Weidong, SHEN Huiming, CHEN Xia, LU Zhongyuan, LI Jun. Hydration Properties of Clinker-Silicomanganese Slag-Limestone Compound Cementitious Materials [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1794-1803.
[11]	WANG Ning, CHEN Yuxin, XU Wensheng, AN Shengli, PENG Jun, PENG Jihua. Preparation of Novel Zeolitization Ceramsite for Ammonia Nitrogen Wastewater Treatment [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(5): 1864-1874.
[12]	FAN Xiaochun, WANG Yang, GAO Xu, ZHANG Yu, YUAN Bo. Coordinated Control of Chloride Binding Capacity of Alkali Activated Slag by Calcium Nitrite and Aluminum-Rich Mineral Phases [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(4): 1148-1155.
[13]	WANG Jie, WANG Yong, WANG Yuqiang, WANG Caiping, YE Shengmao, GAO Peng. CBR Characteristics and Expansion Mechanism of Circulating Fluidized Bed Fly Ash [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(4): 1323-1332.
[14]	AN Sai, WANG Baomin, CHEN Wenxiu, ZHAO Qingxin. Interaction Mechanism of Carbide Slag Activating Slag-Fly Ash Composite Cementitious Materials [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(4): 1333-1343.
[15]	LIU Yang, CHEN Xiang, WANG Bowen, LU Naiwei, XIAO Xinxin, LUO Dong. Preparation and Strength Mechanism of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash-Slag-Carbide Slag Based Geopolymer [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(4): 1353-1362.