Performance and Action Mechanism of Slag-Carbide Slag Based Geopolymer

Abstract

Abstract: With ground granulated blast furnace slag as the main material, a slag-carbide slag based geopolymer was prepared under the excitation of alkaline carbide slag. Through XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, TG-DSC and other microscopic testing techniques, the performance and action mechanism of the slag-carbide slag based geopolymer were analyzed, and the heavy metal leaching test was carried out for the geopolymer. The results show that when the mass fraction of carbide slag is 14% and the water to cementitious material is 0.34, the compressive strength of the slag-carbide slag based geopolymer is 31.8 MPa under the condition of 4 d ambient temperature curing and 32 h steam curing. The hydration products of geopolymer are mainly calcium aluminosilicate hydrate, calcium carboaluminate hydrate and a small amount of ettringite crystals. The concentration of heavy metals in the leaching solution meets the national toxicity control standard, indicating the safety of geopolymer. Carbide slag has good effect on alkali activation of slag.

Key words: slag, carbide slag, geopolymer, alkali activation, steam curing, microscopic composition, heavy metal leaching, action mechanism

CLC Number:

TU526

AN Sai, WANG Baomin, CHEN Wenxiu, WANG Xiaojun. Performance and Action Mechanism of Slag-Carbide Slag Based Geopolymer[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(11): 3996-4005.

References

[1] 王万里, 王宝民, 艾红梅, 等. 铝硅酸盐基地质聚合物制备工艺研究进展[J]. 混凝土, 2022(6): 80-84.
WANG W L, WANG B M, AI H M, et al. Research progress on preparation technology of aluminosilicate base geopolymer[J]. Concrete, 2022(6): 80-84 (in Chinese).
[2] ZHANG D W, WANG D M, LI H. Mechanical properties of fly ash-slag based alkali-activated materials under the low-energy consummation-sealed curing condition[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2021, 33(10): 04021288.
[3] DING Y, SHI C J, LI N. Fracture properties of slag/fly ash-based geopolymer concrete cured in ambient temperature[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 190: 787-795.
[4] 邓晓轩, 纪宪坤, 田均兵, 等. 矿渣在尾砂胶结充填中的应用与研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2016, 30(5): 95-100.
DENG X X, JI X K, TIAN J B, et al. Application and research progress of slag in cemented filling of tailings[J]. Materials Review, 2016, 30(5): 95-100 (in Chinese).
[5] 郝书研, 万小梅, 韩序康, 等. 碱矿渣胶凝材料改性手段及相关机理研究进展[J]. 混凝土, 2021(8): 91-95.
HAO S Y, WAN X M, HAN X K, et al. Progress on modification methods and research on related mechanism of alkali activated slag cementitious materials[J]. Concrete, 2021(8): 91-95 (in Chinese).
[6] 黄小川, 刘长江, 王梦斐, 等. 地聚物的性能影响因素研究及其应用进展综述[J]. 人民长江, 2021, 52(1): 158-166.
HUANG X C, LIU C J, WANG M F, et al. Review on research of factors affecting geopolymers performance and advances in geopolymers applications[J]. Yangtze River, 2021, 52(1): 158-166 (in Chinese).
[7] 龙震宇, 袁怡. 电石渣改性固体废弃物胶固粉的制备及性能研究[J]. 功能材料, 2023, 54(1): 1171-1175.
LONG Z Y, YUAN Y. Study on preparation and properties of solid waste cement powder modified by carbide slag[J]. Journal of Functional Materials, 2023, 54(1): 1171-1175 (in Chinese).
[8] ALVENTOSA K M L, WILD B, WHITE C E. The effects of calcium hydroxide and activator chemistry on alkali-activated metakaolin pastes exposed to high temperatures[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2022, 154: 106742.
[9] ADESINA A. Influence of various additives on the early age compressive strength of sodium carbonate activated slag composites: an overview[J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2020, 29(1): 106-113.
[10] 王旭影, 乔京生, 赵建业, 等. 电石渣激发钢渣-矿渣固化淤泥质土的试验研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2022, 41(2): 733-739.
WANG X Y, QIAO J S, ZHAO J Y, et al. Solidification of muddy soil with steel slag and ground granulated blast-furnace slag activated by calcium carbide slag[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2022, 41(2): 733-739 (in Chinese).
[11] 贺行洋, 郑正旗, 苏英, 等. 电石渣激发磷渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料的性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2019, 38(3): 889-895.
HE X Y, ZHENG Z Q, SU Y, et al. Study on the properties of phosphorous slag-blast furnace slag-cement composite cementitious materials activated by acetylene slag[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(3): 889-895 (in Chinese).
[12] 万宗华, 张文芹, 刘志超, 等. 电石渣-矿渣复合胶凝材料性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2022, 41(5): 1704-1714.
WAN Z H, ZHANG W Q, LIU Z C, et al. Properties of carbide slag-slag composite cementitious material[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2022, 41(5): 1704-1714 (in Chinese).
[13] 张建辉, 赵嘉鑫, 陈继才, 等. 碱激发磷渣基胶凝材料的性能及微观结构分析[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2019, 38(9): 2992-2998.
ZHANG J H, ZHAO J X, CHEN J C, et al. Performance and microstructure analysis of alkali-activated phosphorous slag based cementitious materials[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(9): 2992-2998 (in Chinese).
[14] 安赛, 王宝民, 陈文秀, 等. 电石渣激发矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的作用机制[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(4): 1333-1343.
AN S, WANG B M, CHEN W X, et al. Mechanism of calcium carbide slag activating slag-fly ash composite cementitious material[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2023, 42(4): 1333-1343 (in Chinese).
[15] 徐玲琳, 欧阳军, 杨肯, 等. 养护温度对矿渣硫铝酸盐水泥水化的影响机理[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(11): 92-96.
XU L L, OUYANG J, YANG K, et al. Impacts of curing temperature on the hydration of slag-calcium sulfoaluminate cement[J]. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(11): 92-96 (in Chinese).
[16] 何彤彤. 碱激发矿渣的碳化性能研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2018.
HE T T. Study on carbonation performance of alkali-activated slag[D].Nanjing: Southeast University, 2018 (in Chinese).
[17] 郑晓惠. 受热条件下水化硅酸钙的结构变化及再水化特性[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2018.
ZHENG X H. Structural changes and rehydration characteristics of hydrated calcium silicate under heating conditions[D].Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2018 (in Chinese).
[18] 高英力, 孟浩, 万红伟, 等. 电石渣碱激发矿渣/粉煤灰胶凝材料性能及微结构[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 54(5): 1739-1747.
GAO Y L, MENG H, WAN H W, et al. Properties and microstructure of alkali-activated cementitious materials prepared with carbide slag-slag-fly ash solid waste[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2023, 54(5): 1739-1747 (in Chinese).
[19] 吕毅刚, 王世玉, 戈娅萍, 等. 矿渣掺量对偏高岭土基地聚物孔溶液碱度和地质聚合行为的影响[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 52(12): 4434-4442.
LÜ Y G, WANG S Y, GE Y P, et al. Influence of slag content on alkalinity of pore solution and polymerization behavior of metakaolin-based geopolymer[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2021, 52(12): 4434-4442 (in Chinese).
[20] 万小梅, 刘国强, 赵铁军, 等. C-(A)-S-H对氯离子的吸附性能研究[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2019, 22(1): 31-37.
WAN X M, LIU G Q, ZHAO T J, et al. Investigation on adsorption behavior of chloride by calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminum silicate hydrate[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2019, 22(1): 31-37 (in Chinese).
[21] 杨军, 张高展, 丁庆军, 等. 铝掺杂水化硅酸钙的分子结构和力学性能[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2022, 25(6): 565-571+584.
YANG J, ZHANG G Z, DING Q J, et al. Molecular structure and mechanical properties of aluminum substituted C-S-H[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2022, 25(6): 565-571+584 (in Chinese).
[22] 刘继中, 赵庆新, 张津瑞, 等. 碱渣-矿渣复合胶凝材料硬化体的微观结构与组成[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2019, 22(6): 872-877.
LIU J Z, ZHAO Q X, ZHANG J R, et al. Microstructure and composition of hardened paste of soda residue-slag complex binding materials[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2019, 22(6): 872-877 (in Chinese).
[23] LIU J, XIE G M, WANG Z D, et al. Synthesis of geopolymer using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and steel slag: hydration properties and immobilization of heavy metals[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 341: 118053.
[24] JEFFREY W. B, Hamlin M. J, Richard A. L, et al. Mechanisms of cement hydration[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2011, 41: 1208-1223.
[25] ZHANG Z, ZHAO C T, RAO Y, et al. Solidification/stabilization and risk assessment of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: a review[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 892: 164451.
[26] KONG D L Y, SANJAYAN J G. Effect of elevated temperatures on geopolymer paste, mortar and concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, 40(2): 334-339.
[27] SHI C, ZHANG G, HE T S, et al. Effects of superplasticizers on the stability and morphology of ettringite[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 112: 261-266.
[28] ALAHRACHE S, WINNEFELD F, CHAMPENOIS J B, et al. Chemical activation of hybrid binders based on siliceous fly ash and Portland cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2016, 66: 10-23.
[29] ZHUANG X Y, CHEN L, KOMARNENI S, et al. Fly ash-based geopolymer: clean production, properties and applications[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 125: 253-267.
[30] 任鹏程, 郑和平, 金祖权, 等. 地热环境下AFt和AFm的转化机制[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(5): 1551-1560.
REN P C, ZHENG H P, JIN Z Q, et al. Transformation mechanism of AFt and AFm in geothermal environment[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2023, 42(5): 1551-1560 (in Chinese).