Research Progress on Structure and Property Optimization of Low-Carbon MgO-C Refractories

Abstract

Abstract: MgO-C refractories, as key basic materials for iron and steel smelting, are widely used as lining brick of converter furnace, furnace wall of electric arc furnace, and brick of ladle slag line. Therefore, it is of great significance for the development of refractory and metallurgical industry to explore new ways of preparing high-performance low-carbon MgO-C refractories. In order to provide a reference for further promoting the development of low-carbon MgO-C refractories, the research progress of improving the structure and properties of low-carbon MgO-C refractories was reviewed from the aspects of the introduction of nanocarbon sources, the surface modification of aggregates and introduction of magnesium-based aggregates, the modification of phenolic resin, the introduction of antioxidants, and the in-situ formation of ceramic phase. Finally, the future research directions of MgO-C refractories were prospected.

Key words: MgO-C refractory, nanocarbon source, aggregate, modified phenolic resin, high-efficiency antioxidant, ceramic phase

CLC Number:

TQ175

CHEN Yang, DENG Chengji, LOU Xiaoming, DING Jun, YU Chao. Research Progress on Structure and Property Optimization of Low-Carbon MgO-C Refractories[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2022, 41(6): 2153-2159.

References

[1] 李红霞.双碳背景下耐火材料科技创新的思考[J].耐火材料,2021,55(5):381-384.
LI H X. Reflection on science and technology innovation of refractories under carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality background[J]. Refractories, 2021, 55(5): 381-384 (in Chinese).
[2] HALDER D, MIDYA P R, DAS S, et al. Amorphous carbon nanotubes incorporated MgO-graphite composite with enhanced properties for steel making furnaces[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(14): 15826-15835.
[3] SONG J B, ZHANG H J, WANG J K, et al. High-yield production of large aspect ratio carbon nanotubes via catalytic pyrolysis of cheap coal tar pitch[J]. Carbon, 2018, 130: 701-713.
[4] ZHU T B, LI Y W, SANG S B, et al. Fracture behavior of low carbon MgO-C refractories using the wedge splitting test[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2017, 37(4): 1789-1797.
[5] ZHU T B, LI Y W, SANG S B, et al. A new approach to fabricate MgO-C refractories with high thermal shock resistance by adding artificial graphite[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2018, 38(4): 2179-2185.
[6] ZHU T B, LI Y W, JIN S L, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of MgO-C refractories containing expanded graphite[J]. Ceramics International, 2013, 39(4): 4529-4537.
[7] ZHU T B, LI Y W, SANG S B, et al. Effect of nanocarbon sources on microstructure and mechanical properties of MgO-C refractories[J]. Ceramics International, 2014, 40(3): 4333-4340.
[8] ZHU T B, LI Y W, LUO M, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of MgO-C refractories containing graphite oxide nanosheets (GONs)[J]. Ceramics International, 2013, 39(3): 3017-3025.
[9] LIU B, SUN J L, TANG G S, et al. Effects of nanometer carbon black on performance of low-carbon MgO-C composites[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 2010, 17(10): 75-78.
[10] BEHERA S, SARKAR R. Effect of different metal powder anti-oxidants on N220 nano carbon containing low carbon MgO-C refractory: an in-depth investigation[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(16): 18484-18494.
[11] BAG M, ADAK S, SARKAR R. Study on low carbon containing MgO-C refractory: use of nano carbon[J]. Ceramics International, 2012, 38(3): 2339-2346.
[12] BAG M, ADAK S, SARKAR R. Nano carbon containing MgO-C refractory: effect of graphite content[J]. Ceramics International, 2012, 38(6): 4909-4914.
[13] MAHATO S, PRATIHAR S K, BEHERA S K. Fabrication and properties of MgO-C refractories improved with expanded graphite[J]. Ceramics International, 2014, 40(10): 16535-16542.
[14] 程峰,王军凯,李发亮,等.低碳镁碳耐火材料的研究进展[J].耐火材料,2015,49(5):394-400.
CHENG F, WANG J K, LI F L, et al. Recent progress in low-carbon MgO-C refractories[J]. Refractories, 2015, 49(5): 394-400 (in Chinese).
[15] MA S H, SHI K, XIA Y, et al. Effect of modified MgO aggregates on mechanical properties of magnesium aluminate spinel refractories[J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2021, 48(3): 292-298.
[16] HAN X Y, SHI K, MA S H, et al. Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of MgO-Al-C slide plate refractories in presence of Al powder-modified magnesia aggregates[J]. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(4): 4576-4583.
[17] GU Q, MA T, ZHAO F, et al. Enhancement of the thermal shock resistance of MgO-C slide plate materials with the addition of nano-ZrO₂ modified magnesia aggregates[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 847: 156339.
[18] GU Q, LIU G Q, LI H X, et al. Synthesis of MgO-MgAl₂O₄ refractory aggregates for application in MgO-C slide plate[J]. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(18): 24768-24776.
[19] CHEN Q L, LI Y W, ZHU T B, et al. Improved thermal shock resistance of MgO-C refractories with addition of calcium magnesium aluminate (CMA) aggregates[J]. Ceramics International, 2022, 48(2): 2500-2509.
[20] TALABI S I, LUZ A P, LUCAS A A, et al. Catalytic graphitization of novolac resin for refractory applications[J]. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(4): 3816-3824.
[21] WEI G P, ZHU B Q, LI X C, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon MgO-C refractories bonded by an Fe nanosheet-modified phenol resin[J]. Ceramics International, 2015, 41(1): 1553-1566.
[22] 朱伯铨,魏国平,李享成,等.炭化温度对掺杂改性树脂炭结构及其抗氧化性能的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2014,42(6):773-778.
ZHU B Q, WEI G P, LI X C, et al. Effect of carbonization temperature on microstructure and oxidation resistance of carbon derived from doping modified phenol resin[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2014, 42(6): 773-778 (in Chinese).
[23] 汪贤,朱伯铨,李享成,等.金属共掺杂对树脂炭结构及抗氧化性能的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2015,43(3):316-321.
WANG X, ZHU B Q, LI X C, et al. Effect of metal co-doping on microstructure and oxidation resistance of carbon derived from phenol resin[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2015, 43(3): 316-321 (in Chinese).
[24] LIU Z Y, YU J K, YUE S J, et al. Effect of carbon content on the oxidation resistance and kinetics of MgO-C refractory with the addition of Al powder[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(3): 3091-3098.
[25] CHEN Y, DENG C J, WANG X, et al. Evolution of c-ZrN nanopowders in low-carbon MgO-C refractories and their properties[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2021, 41(1): 963-977.
[26] 彭耐,邓承继,祝洪喜,等.成型压力对原位氮化生成Si₃N₄结合MgO-C材料性能影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2015,34(10):2930-2933.
PENG N, DENG C J, ZHU H X, et al. Effects of briquetting pressure on the microstructure and performance of in situ formed Si₃N₄ bonding MgO-C material[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2015, 34(10): 2930-2933 (in Chinese).
[27] LIU H T, MENG F R, LI Q, et al. Phase behavior analysis of MgO-C refractory at high temperature: influence of Si powder additives[J]. Ceramics International, 2015, 41(3): 5186-5190.
[28] 汪贤,朱伯铨,李享成,等.Fe粉对MgO-C材料显微结构和性能的影响[J].耐火材料,2015,49(6):412-415.
WANG X, ZHU B Q, LI X C, et al. Influence of Fe powder on microstructure and properties of MgO-C refractories[J]. Refractories, 2015, 49(6): 412-415 (in Chinese).
[29] CHEN M, XU L, HUANG W J, et al. Properties of MgO-Fe-C refractories as linings of vanadium-extraction converter[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2014, 34(15): 4011-4019.
[30] GAO S, XU L, CHEN M, et al. Effect of Fe addition on the microstructure and oxidation behavior of MgO-C refractory[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2019, 238: 121935.
[31] CHEN M, GAO S, XU L, et al. High temperature mechanical and corrosion resistance of Fe-containing MgO-C refractory in oxidizing atmosphere[J]. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(16): 21023-21028.
[32] LUZ A P, SOUZA T M, PAGLIOSA C, et al. In situ hot elastic modulus evolution of MgO-C refractories containing Al, Si or Al-Mg antioxidants[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(8): 9836-9843.
[33] 彭肖仟,张巧莲,王志强.金属复合添加剂对低碳MgO-C砖抗氧化性能的影响[J].材料导报,2010,24(s1):490-492.
PENG X Q, ZHANG Q L, WANG Z Q. Effect of compound additives of metal and alloy powders on oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO-C bricks[J]. Materials Review, 2010, 24(s1): 490-492 (in Chinese).
[34] 曹亚平,鄢文,李楠.Si-SiC复合粉添加量对低碳镁碳耐火材料性能的影响[J].耐火材料,2016,50(3):170-173.
CAO Y P, YAN W, LI N. Effect of Si-SiC composite powder addition on properties of low-carbon MgO-C refractories[J]. Refractories, 2016, 50(3): 170-173 (in Chinese).
[35] XIAO J L, CHEN J F, WEI Y W, et al. Oxidation behaviors of MgO-C refractories with different Si/SiC ratio in the 1 100~1 500 ℃ range[J]. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(17): 21099-21107.
[36] ZHANG Y, CHEN J F, LI N, et al. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of MgO-C refractories with recycling Si/SiC solid waste from photovoltaic industry[J]. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(14): 16435-16442.
[37] DING D H, CHONG X C, XIAO G Q, et al. Combustion synthesis of B₄C/Al₂O₃/C composite powders and their effects on properties of low carbon MgO-C refractories[J]. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(13): 16433-16441.
[38] 田守信.高温真空条件下添加物对镁碳砖氧化行为的影响[J].耐火材料,2017,51(6):442-445.
TIAN S X. Effects of additives on oxidation behavior of magnesia-carbon bricks under high temperature and vacuum conditions[J]. Refractories, 2017, 51(6): 442-445 (in Chinese).
[39] YANG Y, YU J, ZHAO H Z, et al. Cr₇C₃: a potential antioxidant for low carbon MgO-C refractories[J]. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(12): 19743-19751.
[40] YU C, DENG C J, ZHU H X, et al. Synthesis of hexagonal plate-like Al₄Si₂C₅ and the effect of Al₄Si₂C₅ addition to Al₂O₃-C refractory[J]. Advanced Powder Technology, 2017, 28(1): 177-184.
[41] YU C, DING J, DENG C J, et al. The effects of sintering temperature on the morphology and physical properties of in situ Si₃N₄ bonded MgO-C refractory[J]. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(1): 1104-1109.
[42] LIAO N, LI Y W, JIN S L, et al. Enhanced mechanical performance of Al₂O₃-C refractories with nano carbon black and in situ formed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2016, 36(3): 867-874.
[43] ZHU T B, LI Y W, SANG S B. Heightening mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of low-carbon magnesia-graphite refractories through the catalytic formation of nanocarbons and ceramic bonding phases[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 783: 990-1000.
[44] ZHU T B, LI Y W, JIN S L, et al. Catalytic formation of one-dimensional nanocarbon and MgO whiskers in low carbon MgO-C refractories[J]. Ceramics International, 2015, 41(3): 3541-3548.
[45] ZHU T B, LI Y W, SANG S B, et al. Formation of nanocarbon structures in MgO-C refractories matrix: influence of Al and Si additives[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(16): 18833-18843.
[46] CHEN Y, WANG X, DENG C J, et al. Growth mechanism of in situ MgSiN₂ and its synergistic effect on the properties of MgO-C refractories[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 289: 123032.
[47] CHEN Y, DENG C J, WANG X, et al. Effect of Si powder-supported catalyst on the microstructure and properties of Si₃N₄-MgO-C refractories[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 240: 117964.
[48] WANG X, CHEN Y, DING J, et al. Influence of ceramic phase content and its morphology on mechanical properties of MgO-C refractories under high temperature nitriding[J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(8): 10603-10610.
[49] 陈洋,邓承继,王杏,等.原位催化Si粉制备Si₃N₄复合MgO-C耐火材料[J].硅酸盐学报,2019,47(12):1834-1840.
CHEN Y, DENG C J, WANG X, et al. Preparation of Si₃N₄ composite MgO-C refractory by in situ catalytic Si powder[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 47(12): 1834-1840 (in Chinese).
[50] CHEN J F, LI N, HUBÁLKOVÁ J, et al. Elucidating the role of Ti₃AlC₂ in low carbon MgO-C refractories: antioxidant or alternative carbon source?[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2018, 38(9): 3387-3394.
[51] CHEN J F, LI N, YAN W. Influence of Ti₃AlC₂ on corrosion resistance and microstructure of Al₂O₃-Ti₃AlC₂-C refractories in contact with ladle slag[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2016, 36(6): 1505-1511.