Research and Prospect on Modification of Activated Carbon and Its Desulfurization and Denitrification Performance

Abstract

Abstract: Activated carbon has an extremely important application in the field of industrial flue gas purification due to its unique pore structure and surface properties. However, the small pore volume, wide distribution of micropores and small specific surface area of ordinary activated carbon made its adsorptive property cannot meet the needs of deep purification. The modification of activated carbon optimize its pore volume and aperture, improve its porosity and surface acidity and alkalinity, and therefore improve the adsorption performance of activated carbon. In this paper, the research progress of modified activated carbon under acidic, alkaline and neutral conditions over recent years has been summarized. And based on the existing shortcomings and bottlenecks of activated carbon modification. The research focus on activated carbon modification in the future is suggested.

Key words: activated carbon, desulfurization and denitrification, modification, pore structure, specific surface area, adsorption performance

CLC Number:

TQ424.1

LI Wanjun, HUANG Bangfu, YANG Zhengyu, DAI Meng, WEN Zhenjing. Research and Prospect on Modification of Activated Carbon and Its Desulfurization and Denitrification Performance[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2022, 41(4): 1318-1327.

References

[1] 方弘,李洲,马丹竹,等.烟气脱硫活性炭改性方法研究进展[J].冶金能源,2017,36(6):56-61.
FANG H, LI Z, MA D Z, et al. Research progress in modification of activated carbon as adsorbent used in flue gas desulfurization[J]. Energy for Metallurgical Industry, 2017, 36(6): 56-61 (in Chinese).
[2] REZAEI F, ROWNAGHI A A, MONJEZI S, et al. SO_x/NO_x removal from flue gas streams by solid adsorbents: a review of current challenges and future directions[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29(9): 5467-5486.
[3] LIZZIO A A, DEBARR J A. Mechanism of SO₂ removal by carbon[J]. Energy & Fuels, 1997, 11(2): 284-291.
[4] FIGUEIREDO J L, PEREIRA M F R, FREITAS M M A, et al. Modification of the surface chemistry of activated carbons[J]. Carbon, 1999, 37(9): 1379-1389.
[5] 罗锦英,罗津晶,黄华伟,等.改性活性炭吸附气态汞的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(35):77-82.
LUO J Y, LUO J J, HUANG H W, et al. Experimental study on modified activated carbons for elemental mercury adsorption[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2009, 29(35): 77-82 (in Chinese).
[6] CHINGOMBE P, SAHA B, WAKEMAN R J. Surface modification and characterisation of a coal-based activated carbon[J]. Carbon, 2005, 43(15): 3132-3143.
[7] 单晓梅,张文辉,杜铭华,等.湿氧化和热处理对煤基活性炭吸附SO₂的影响[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(2):208-212.
SHAN X M, ZHANG W H, DU M H, et al. Effect of wet oxidation and heat-treatment on the SO₂ adsorption capacity for coal-based activated carbon[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2004, 29(2): 208-212 (in Chinese).
[8] LIU S J, GAO X, CAO F F. Effect of chemical properties on SO₂ removal by activated carbons[J]. Journal of the China Coal Society, 2013, 38(7): 1242-1247.
[9] 黄昕,黄碧纯,张春菊,等.等离子体改性对活性炭纤维低温选择性催化还原脱除NO的影响[J].化工进展,2010,29(11):2187-2192.
HUANG X, HUANG B C, ZHANG C J, et al. Plasma modification of V-ACF for NO SCR at low temperatures[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2010, 29(11): 2187-2192 (in Chinese).
[10] GRZYB B, ALBINIAK A, BRONIEK E, et al. SO₂ adsorptive properties of activated carbons prepared from polyacrylonitrile and its blends with coal-tar pitch[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2009, 118(1/2/3): 163-168.
[11] DAVINI P. Desulphurization properties of active carbons obtained from petroleum pitch pyrolysis[J]. Carbon, 1999, 37(9): 1363-1371.
[12] LIN Y T, LI Y R, XU Z C, et al. Transformation of functional groups in the reduction of NO with NH₃ over nitrogen-enriched activated carbons[J]. Fuel, 2018, 223: 312-323.
[13] FAN L J, WANG J, ZHAO L Z, et al. Effects of surface modification on the reactivity of activated carbon in direct carbon fuel cells[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 284: 630-638.
[14] 刘小文,李俊,李加兴,等.烟气脱硝技术综述[J].广州化工,2019,47(24):53-55.
LIU X W, LI J, LI J X, et al. Overview of flue gas denitrification technology[J]. Guangzhou Chemical Industry, 2019, 47(24): 53-55 (in Chinese).
[15] HONG Z, WANG Z, LI X B. Catalytic oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) over different catalysts: an overview[J]. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2017, 7(16): 3440-3452.
[16] LIU K J, YU Q B, LIU J L, et al. Selection of catalytically active elements for removing NO and CO from flue gas at low temperatures[J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 2017, 41(22): 13993-13999.
[17] TENG H, SUUBERG E M. Chemisorption of nitric oxide on char. 2. Irreversible carbon oxide formation[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1993, 32(3): 416-423.
[18] BABEL S, KURNIAWAN T A. Cr(VI) removal from synthetic wastewater using coconut shell charcoal and commercial activated carbon modified with oxidizing agents and/or chitosan[J]. Chemosphere, 2004, 54(7): 951-967.
[19] 王庚,刘立恒.改性方法对活性炭结构,性质及吸附性能的影响[J].环境工程,2017:41-46.
WANG G, LIU L H. Effect of modification methods on the structure, properties and adsorption capacity of activated carbons[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2017: 41-46 (in Chinese).
[20] NOWICKI P, KAZMIERCZAK-RAZNA J, SKIBISZEWSKA P, et al. Production of activated carbons from biodegradable waste materials as an alternative way of their utilisation[J]. Adsorption, 2016, 22(4/5/6): 489-502.
[21] WIŚNIEWSKA M, NOSAL-WIERCIŃSKA A, OSTOLSKA I, et al. Nanostructure of poly(acrylic acid) adsorption layer on the surface of activated carbon obtained from residue after supercritical extraction of hops[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2017, 12: 2.
[22] GUO J, LUA A C. Microporous activated carbons prepared from palm shell by thermal activation and their application to sulfur dioxide adsorption[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2002, 251(2): 242-247.
[23] GHOUMA I, JEGUIRIM M, DORGE S, et al. Activated carbon prepared by physical activation of olive stones for the removal of NO₂ at ambient temperature[J]. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2015, 18(1): 63-74.
[24] 侯剑峰,王兆文,李拓夫,等.椰壳类活性炭高温改性及吸附铝电解质熔盐中K⁺的性能[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(12):1740-1743+1749.
HOU J F, WANG Z W, LI T F, et al. High temperature modification on coconut shell activated carbon and adsorptivity of the activated carbon for K⁺ in aluminum electrolyte[J]. Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2016, 37(12): 1740-1743+1749 (in Chinese).
[25] REN S, GUO F Q, YANG J, et al. Selection of carbon materials and modification methods in low-temperature sintering flue gas denitrification[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2017, 126: 278-285.
[26] 徐江海,潘红艳,王宁,等.N₂高温热处理对活性炭孔道结构及表面化学性质的影响[J].炭素技术,2014,33(2):21-24.
XU J H, PAN H Y, WANG N, et al. The effect of high temperature treatment in nitrogen on the pore channel structure and the surface chemical properties of activated carbon[J]. Carbon Techniques, 2014, 33(2): 21-24 (in Chinese).
[27] BOUCHELTA C, MEDJRAM M S, BERTRAND O, et al. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from date stones by physical activation with steam[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2008, 82(1): 70-77.
[28] 江霞,蒋文举,朱晓帆,等.微波改性活性炭的吸附性能[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2004(1):43-46.
JIANG X, JIANG W J, ZHU X F, et al. Study on adsorptive properties of activated char modified by microwave[J]. Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2004(1): 43-46 (in Chinese).
[29] 李兵,蒋海涛,张立强,等.微波加热改性活性炭及其对SO₂吸附性能的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(29):45-51+13.
LI B, JIANG H T, ZHANG L Q, et al. Modification of activated carbon by microwave heating and its effects on SO₂ adsorption[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(29): 45-51+13 (in Chinese).
[30] 梁鑫,李立清,刘峥,等.微波及碱性溶液改性活性炭对丙酮吸附性能的影响[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(2):742-750.
LIANG X, LI L Q, LIU Z, et al. Effect of microwave and alkaline solution modification activated carbons on adsorption properties of actone acetone[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2015, 46(2): 742-750 (in Chinese).
[31] MALDHURE A, WAGHELA A, NAGARNAIK P, et al. Microwave treated activated carbon from industrial waste lignin for denitrification of surface water[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2021: 1-10.
[32] 曹晓强,陆洪省,黄学敏.微波辐照活性炭改性机理研究[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(6):89-91+97.
CAO X Q, LU H S, HUANG X M. Mechanism of activated carbon modified by microwave irradiation[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 34(6): 89-91+97 (in Chinese).
[33] LIU Q S, ZHENG T, WANG P, et al. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from bamboo by microwave-induced phosphoric acid activation[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 2010, 31(2): 233-238.
[34] 侯博,陈思铭,江波,等.活性炭吸附挥发性有机化合物的研究进展[J].安全与环境工程,2021,28(1):197-208.
HOU B, CHEN S M, JIANG B, et al. Research progress of adsorption of volatile organic compounds by activated carbon[J]. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2021, 28(1): 197-208 (in Chinese).
[35] 刘义,陈星.过氧化氢改性活性炭动态脱硫性能研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,42(6):861-865.
LIU Y, CHEN X. Dynamic desulfurization performance of hydrogen peroxide modified activated carbon[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2010, 42(6): 861-865 (in Chinese).
[36] 单晓梅,朱书全,张文辉,等.氧化法改性煤基活性炭和椰壳活性炭的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(6):729-733.
SHAN X M, ZHU S Q, ZHANG W H, et al. Modification surface properties of coal-base and coconut shell activated carbons by oxidation[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2003, 32(6): 729-733 (in Chinese).
[37] 佟莉,徐文青,亓昊,等.硝酸改性活性炭上氧/氮官能团对脱汞性能的促进作用(英文)[J].物理化学学报,2015,31(3):512-518.
TONG L, XU W Q, QI H, et al. Enhanced effect of O/N groups on the Hg⁰ removal efficiency over the HNO₃-modified activated carbon[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2015, 31(3): 512-518.
[38] SONG X L, LIU H Y, CHENG L, et al. Surface modification of coconut-based activated carbon by liquid-phase oxidation and its effects on lead ion adsorption[J]. Desalination, 2010, 255(1/2/3): 78-83.
[39] XU Q, HOU Y Q, GUO Q Q, et al. Effect of oxygen-containing functional groups on the removal of nitrogen oxides from coal-fired flue gas on activated carbon[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2020, 39(8): 2105-2111.
[40] FAN Q Y, SUN J X, CHU L, et al. Effects of chemical oxidation on surface oxygen-containing functional groups and adsorption behavior of biochar[J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 207: 33-40.
[41] 任建良,刘应书,李永玲,等.氨水改性活性炭及其吸附性能的实验研究[J].低温与特气,2014,32(2):13-16+34.
REN J L, LIU Y S, LI Y L, et al. Study on the ammonia modification activated carbon and its properties[J]. Low Temperature and Specialty Gases, 2014, 32(2): 13-16+34 (in Chinese).
[42] 刘冰,马荣华,刘春涛.高锰酸钾改性活性炭的表征及吸附Cr(Ⅵ)性能的研究[J].化学试剂,2016,38(9):819-823.
LIU B, MA R H, LIU C T. Characterization and Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption capability of activated carbon modified with KMnO₄[J]. Chemical Reagents, 2016, 38(9): 819-823 (in Chinese).
[43] YOU F T, YU G W, XING Z J, et al. Enhancement of NO catalytic oxidation on activated carbon at room temperature by nitric acid hydrothermal treatment[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 471: 633-644.
[44] YE Y L, XIE J L, DE FANG, et al. Effect of acid treatment on surfaces of activated carbon supported catalysts for NO and SO₂ removal[J]. Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 2021: 1-9.
[45] 刘霜,齐天勤机,张永春.KOH改性活性炭及其对微量乙烷的吸附性能[J].现代化工,2019,39(3):176-180.
LIU S, QI T Q J, ZHANG Y C. KOH modified activated carbon and its adsorption performance to trace ethane[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2019, 39(3): 176-180 (in Chinese).
[46] SINGH J, BHUNIA H, BASU S M. Adsorption of CO₂ on KOH activated carbon adsorbents: effect of different mass ratios[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 250: 109457.
[47] SHAFEEYAN M S, DAUD W M A W, HOUSHMAND A, et al. Ammonia modification of activated carbon to enhance carbon dioxide adsorption: effect of pre-oxidation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2011, 257(9): 3936-3942.
[48] 庞维亮,胡柏松,程丹丹,等.酸、碱改性活性炭对甲醇、甲苯吸附性能[J].化学工业与工程,2018,35(6):48-53.
PANG W L, HU B S, CHENG D D, et al. Adsorption of methanol and toluene onto activated carbon with acid-base modified[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2018, 35(6): 48-53 (in Chinese).
[49] SHIM J W, PARK S J, RYU S K. Effect of modification with HNO₃ and NaOH on metal adsorption by pitch-based activated carbon fibers[J]. Carbon, 2001, 39(11): 1635-1642.
[50] GHOUMA I, JEGUIRIM M, LIMOUSY L, et al. Factors influencing NO₂ adsorption/reduction on microporous activated carbon: porosity vs. surface chemistry[J]. Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2018, 11(4): 622.
[51] LI Y R, LIN Y T, CHENG C G, et al. On the nature of nitrogen-containing groups in the SCR of NO over functionalized activated coke[J]. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2020, 11(5): 1691-1699.
[52] CHENG X X, CHENG Y R, WANG Z Q, et al. Comparative study of coal based catalysts for NO adsorption and NO reduction by CO[J]. Fuel, 2018, 214: 230-241.
[53] 谭雪艳,陈振乾.酸碱改性活性炭物化性质变化研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2018,37(2):81-83+98.
TAN X Y, CHEN Z Q. Change of physico-chemical proterties of activated carbons modified with acid-base[J]. Building Energy & Environment, 2018, 37(2): 81-83+98 (in Chinese).
[54] LIU X, SUN F, QU Z B, et al. The effect of functional groups on the SO₂ adsorption on carbon surface Ⅰ: a new insight into noncovalent interaction between SO₂ molecule and acidic oxygen-containing groups[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2016, 369: 552-557.
[55] XU Z C, LI Y R, GUO J X, et al. An efficient and sulfur resistant K-modified activated carbon for SCR denitrification compared with acid- and Cu-modified activated carbon[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 395: 125047.