Review on Technical Research of Jizhou Kiln Leaf-Temmoku Porcelain

Abstract

Abstract: Jizhou kiln in Song Dynasty is a typical kiln for producing black porcelain in ancient China, and it has a history of more than 1 200 years. Among them, the most representative black porcelain is the leaf-temmoku porcelain produced by Jizhou kiln. Leaf-temmoku porcelain represents the decoration of natural wood leaves on the black glaze, and the leaf ash reacts with the glaze layer to form leaf patterns with distinct stems and leaves in the firing process. At present, the research on the leaf-temmoku porcelain mainly focuses on the testing analysis of composition and imitation angle, but there are few relevant reviews on the overall technology and development view. Hence, chemical composition, leaf species, porcelain making process and color formation mechanism were summarized and analyzed in this paper, which play a positive role in analyzing the Jizhou kiln leaf-temmoku porcelain and its inheritance.

Key words: domestic ceramics, Jizhou kiln, leaf-temmoku porcelain, porcelain making process, color formation mechanism

CLC Number:

TQ174.7

LIU Kun, XU Yinan, CHENG Zhipeng, TAN Ling, BAO Qifu. Review on Technical Research of Jizhou Kiln Leaf-Temmoku Porcelain[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2022, 41(3): 985-993.

References

[1] 李家治.中国科学技术史陶瓷卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:241.
LI J Z. Chinese history of science and technology ceramics volume[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1999: 241 (in Chinese).
[2] 胡凌学.浅议宋建窑天目釉茶盏兴盛的原因[J].景德镇陶瓷,2002(2):21-22.
HU L X. A brief discussion on the reasons for the prosperity of Tianmu Glazed Tealights in Song Jian kiln[J]. Jingdezhen's Ceramics, 2002(2): 21-22 (in Chinese).
[3] 郑亮.“木叶、曜变天目釉”研究成功[J].中国陶瓷,1986,22(1):52-53.
ZHENG L. The research of “Muye, Yaochangtianmu glaze” was successful[J]. China Ceramics, 1986, 22(1): 52-53 (in Chinese).
[4] 叶宏明.曜变天目黑釉瓷[J].硅酸盐通报,1982,1(3):15-23+48.
YE H M. Yohen Tenmoku black glazed porcelain[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 1982, 1(3): 15-23+48 (in Chinese).
[5] 杨树林,曾军宏.吉州窑“木叶天目盏”兴起的历史渊源探析[J].牡丹,2018(29):28-31.
YANG S L, ZENG J H. Analysis on the historical origin of the rise of “Kinoye Tianmuzhan” in Jizhou kiln[J]. Peony, 2018(29): 28-31 (in Chinese).
[6] 黄守政.基于工艺美学下天目釉的设计与创新[J].明日风尚,2019(22):10-11.
HUANG S Z. Design and innovation of Tianmu glaze based on craft aesthetics[J]. Tomorrow's Fashion, 2019(22): 10-11 (in Chinese).
[7] 张钰淇.宋代吉州窑黑釉瓷的审美认知[D].景德镇:景德镇陶瓷学院,2013.
ZHANG Y Q. The aesthetic cognition of Jizhou kiln black glaze porcelain in Song Dynasty[D]. Jingdezhen: Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, 2013 (in Chinese).
[8] 李兵,刘永红.试论宋代吉州窑黑釉茶盏的装饰艺术[J].中国陶瓷,2011,47(10):58-60.
LI B, LIU Y H. On the decorative art of tea cups in black glaze from Jinzhou kiln in the Song Dynasty[J]. China Ceramics, 2011, 47(10): 58-60 (in Chinese).
[9] 刘超.材料世界中的匠心之美:木叶天目盏[J].新材料产业,2018(4):75-79.
LIU C. The beauty of craftsmanship in the world of materials: Konoha Tianmuzhan[J]. Advanced Materials Industry, 2018(4): 75-79 (in Chinese).
[10] 敖镜秋.吉州窑瓷用原料考察[J].景德镇陶瓷学院学报,1989,10(2):73-85.
AO J Q. An investigation of ceramic raw materials in the Jizhou kiln area[J]. Journal of Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, 1989, 10(2): 73-85 (in Chinese).
[11] 徐嫦松.宋代吉州窑茶盏呈色机理及工艺基础研究[D].上海:中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,2018.
XU C S. Coloring mechanism and manufacturing techniques of the Song Dynasty tea bowls from the Jizhou kiln[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2018 (in Chinese).
[12] 敖镜秋,许作龙.吉州天目盏木叶纹样形成过程的探讨(第一部分)[J].中国陶瓷,1987,23(2):38-44+64.
AO J Q, XU Z L. A discussion on the forming process of floral leaf pattern decorated on Ji Zhou temmoku bowls (part-1)[J]. China Ceramics, 1987, 23(2): 38-44+64 (in Chinese).
[13] 丁建中,李桂彩,温少青.木叶天目的试制[J].河北陶瓷,1990(3):20-21+59.
DING J Z, LI G C, WEN S Q. Trial production of Konoha Tianmu[J]. Hebei Ceramics, 1990(3): 20-21+59 (in Chinese).
[14] 陈国典.从吉州窑的陶瓷材料看传统陶瓷工艺[J].江苏陶瓷,2011,44(3):3-5+8.
CHEN G D. See traditional ceramic technology from ceramic materials of Jizhou kiln porcelain[J]. Jiangsu Ceramics, 2011, 44(3): 3-5+8 (in Chinese).
[15] 江鹏飞,李其江,吴军明,等.建窑与吉州窑素天目釉瓷的比较研究[J].陶瓷学报,2012,32(3):347-353.
JIANG P F, LI Q J, WU J M, et al. The comparative study of the plain temmoku from Jian kiln and Jizhou kiln[J]. Journal of Ceramics, 2012, 32(3): 347-353 (in Chinese).
[16] XU C S, LI W D, LU X K, et al. Unveiling the science behind the tea bowls from the Jizhou kiln. Part I. Chemical compositions and the two-layer glazing technique[J]. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(7): 8540-8549.
[17] 李家治,陈士萍,张志刚,等.浙江临安天目窑黑釉瓷的科学技术研究[J].陶瓷学报,1997,18(4):185-194.
LI J Z, CHEN S P, ZHANG Z G, et al. Scientific and technological study on the black glazed wares unearthed from Tian-mu kiln sites in Linan of Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Ceramics, 1997, 18(4): 185-194 (in Chinese).
[18] 戴粹新,曾祥通,冯世昌,等.吉州窑的釉料及附近几种瓷土原料的分析[J].硅酸盐通报,1988,7(3):56-61.
DAI C X, ZENG X T, FENG S C, et al. Analysis of the glaze of Jizhou kiln and several nearby porcelain clay materials[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 1988, 7(3): 56-61 (in Chinese).
[19] 江鹏飞.宋代吉州窑与建窑天目釉瓷的科学研究[D].景德镇:景德镇陶瓷学院,2012.
JIANG P F. The scientific research of Jizhou kiln and Jian kiln Tianmu glaze porcelain in Song Dynasty[D]. Jingdezhen: Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, 2012 (in Chinese).
[20] JUNG J H, LEE B H. Development of body for temmoku tea bowl using hwangto[J]. Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 2010, 47(4): 296-301.
[21] 郭超.木叶天目釉初探[J].河北陶瓷,1993(3):36-37.
GUO C. A preliminary study on Konoha Tianmu glaze[J]. Hebei Ceramics, 1993(3): 36-37 (in Chinese).
[22] 胡晓洪,敖镜秋.吉州窑天目釉的仿制研究[J].中国陶瓷工业,2003,10(2):29-31+12.
HU X H, AO J Q. Study on imitation of Jizhou kiln tenmoku[J]. China Ceramic Industry, 2003, 10(2): 29-31+12 (in Chinese).
[23] PEKKAN K, TA ŠÇI E, GÜN Y. Development of temmoku glazes and their applications onto different tiles under industrial fast firing conditions at 1 180 ℃[J]. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 2020, 56(2): 489-497.
[24] NAKAI I, TAGUCHI I, YAMASAKI K. Chemical speciation of archaeological objects by XRF/Xanes analysis using synchrotron radiation[J]. Analytical Sciences, 1991, 7(Supple): 365-368.
[25] 陈显求,陈士萍.建盏珍品的研究[J].景德镇陶瓷学院学报,1991,12(4):25-32.
CHEN X Q, CHEN S P. The study on masterpieces Jian temmoku[J]. Journal of Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, 1991, 12(4): 25-32 (in Chinese).
[26] 干科.木叶天目釉瓷的制备工艺及形成机理研究[D].景德镇:景德镇陶瓷学院,2013.
GAN K. Investigation on the leaf temmoku mechanism and production process[D]. Jingdezhen: Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, 2013 (in Chinese).
[27] 任若禹.宋吉州窑木叶纹盏的审美特质研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2020.
REN R Y. Research on the aesthetic characteristics of Song Jizhou Kiln Muye Wenzhan[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Normal University, 2020 (in Chinese).
[28] 南方,杨继红.一叶菩提千年窑[J].中华手工,2017,38(5):77-83.
NAN F, YANG J H. One-leaf bodhi millennium kiln[J]. Handicraft, 2017, 38(5): 77-83 (in Chinese).
[29] 张福康.吉州天目的研究[J].景德镇陶瓷学院学报,1986,7(1):109-114+72.
ZHANG F K. A study on Jizhou temmoku[J]. Journal of Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, 1986, 7(1): 109-114+72 (in Chinese).
[30] HIDER R C, LIU Z D, KHODR H H. Metal chelation of polyphenols[J]. Methods in Enzymology, 2001, 335: 190-203.
[31] LI X Y, LU J H, YU X L, et al. Imitation of ancient black-glazed Jian bowls (Yohen Tenmoku): fabrication and characterization[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(14): 15269-15273.
[32] 戴雨享.天目釉(窑变黑釉)应用研究[J].中国陶瓷,2006,42(7):80-83.
DAI Y X. Application and study of kiln transformation black graze[J]. China Ceramics, 2006, 42(7): 80-83 (in Chinese).
[33] 吴隽,吴军明,李其江,等.一种多彩木叶天目瓷的制备方法及其制得的产品:CN103232225A[P].2013-08-07.
WU J, WU J M, LI Q J, et al. One kind of colorful porcelain Konoha Tianmu preparation methods and products obtained: CN103232225A[P]. 2013-08-07 (in Chinese).
[34] 刘晨,肖世扬.吉州窑陶瓷创新设计探究[J].中国陶瓷工业,2018,25(2):45-48.
LIU C, XIAO S Y. Innovative design of Jizhou ware[J]. China Ceramic Industry, 2018, 25(2): 45-48 (in Chinese).
[35] 刘晨,肖世扬.陶瓷上的植物如何说话:也谈吉州窑木叶天目盏的创新设计[J].染整技术,2019,41(11):54-58.
LIU C, XIAO S Y. How do plant on ceramic speak: and innovative design of wood leaf heaven eyes glaze in Jizhou kiln[J]. Textile Dyeing and Finishing Journal, 2019, 41(11): 54-58 (in Chinese).
[36] 聂慧梅.基于陶瓷艺术创作下的传统吉州窑木叶天目工艺(釉药)研究[J].福建茶叶,2020,42(4):406-407.
NIE H M. Research on traditional Jizhou kiln Muye Tianmu craft (glaze) based on ceramic art creation[J]. Tea in Fujian, 2020, 42(4): 406-407 (in Chinese).
[37] 余勇,姚志敏.试论陶瓷叶纹装饰[J].中国陶瓷工业,2008,15(1):37-39.
YU Y, YAO Z M. Preliminary investigation into decorative leaf patterns on ceramics[J]. China Ceramic Industry, 2008, 15(1): 37-39 (in Chinese).
[38] 徐嫦松,李伟东,鲁晓珂,等.宋代吉州窑不同类型复合装饰瓷的制瓷工艺对比[J].硅酸盐学报,2021,49(9):1957-1963.
XU C S, LI W D, LU X K, et al. A comparative study on manufacture techniques for different composite decorated porcelains from Jizhou kiln in Song Dynasty[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2021, 49(9): 1957-1963 (in Chinese).
[39] 俞康泰.窑内气氛对天目釉呈色的影响[J].武汉工业大学学报,1987,9(3):305-313.
YU K T. The effect of furnace atmosphere on the color of the tenmoku glaze[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 1987, 9(3): 305-313 (in Chinese).
[40] 吴隽,干科,李其江,等.吉州窑木叶天目瓷制作中叶纹形成的影响因素探析[J].中国陶瓷,2013,49(12):107-111.
WU J, GAN K, LI Q J, et al. Analysis on the influential factors of leaf pattern formation during the process of making Jizhou leaf temmoku[J]. China Ceramics, 2013, 49(12): 107-111 (in Chinese).
[41] 刘源峰.南宋吉州窑木叶天目盏的工艺研究[J].美术文献,2019(12):146-147.
LIU Y F. Research on the craftsmanship of muye tianmuzhan from Jizhou kiln in Southern Song Dynasty[J]. Fine Arts Literature, 2019(12): 146-147 (in Chinese).
[42] 敖镜秋.吉州天目盏木叶纹样形成过程的探讨(第二部分)[J].中国陶瓷,1987,23(2):45-51.
AO J Q. A discussion on the forming process of floral leaf pattern decorated on Jizhou temmoku bowls (part-2)[J]. China Ceramics, 1987, 23(2): 45-51 (in Chinese).
[43] 杨瑞强,汪永清,周健儿,等.中温氧化双层花釉的反应过程研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2020,39(10):3327-3333.
YANG R Q, WANG Y Q, ZHOU J E, et al. Reaction process research on medium-temperature oxidized double-layer fancy glaze[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2020, 39(10): 3327-3333 (in Chinese).
[44] 邱柏欣,顾幸勇,刘昆,等.化学组成对铁红分相釉的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2019,38(5):1568-1572.
QIU B X, GU X Y, LIU K, et al. Effect of chemical composition on phase separation iron-red glaze[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(5): 1568-1572 (in Chinese).
[45] 吴建文,汪涛,施佩,等.利用铁矿渣为着色剂制备分相花釉的研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2016,35(5):1612-1616.
WU J W, WANG T, SHI P, et al. Separative-phase fancy glaze colorant prepared from iron ore residue[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2016, 35(5): 1612-1616 (in Chinese).
[46] 李书琴,王晓军.自制添加物对吉州窑黑釉的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2011,30(2):316-319.
LI S Q, WANG X J. Influence of accretion on the surface structure of the Jizhou kiln black glaze[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2011, 30(2): 316-319 (in Chinese).
[47] 王金锋.油滴天目釉的形成机理及制备工艺研究[D].唐山:河北理工学院,2003.
WANG J F. Study on forming mechanism and production technology of oil-drop glaze[D]. Tangshan: Hebei Institute of Technology, 2003 (in Chinese).
[48] 孙悦.宋吉州窑黑釉木叶纹盏仿烧实验研究[D].南京:南京艺术学院,2021.
SUN Y. Experimental research on imitation burning of black-glazed wooden leaf-patterned lamps in Song Jizhou kiln[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of the Arts, 2021 (in Chinese).
[49] CHIANG C Y, GREER H F, LIU R S, et al. Formation, crystal growth and colour appearance of Mimetic Tianmu glaze[J]. Ceramics International, 2016, 42(6): 7506-7513.
[50] 石小涛.铁系分相艺术釉的制备工艺与机理研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2020.
SHI X T. Preparation and mechnism of Fe-series phase separation art glazes[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2020 (in Chinese).
[51] SHI P, WANG F, ZHU J F, et al. Effect of phase separation on the Jian ware blue colored glaze with iron oxide[J]. Ceramics International, 2018, 44(14): 16407-16413.
[52] LI W D, LUO H J, LI J N, et al. Studies on the microstructure of the black-glazed bowl sherds excavated from the Jian kiln site of ancient China[J]. Ceramics International, 2008, 34(6): 1473-1480.
[53] 陈显求,黄瑞福,陈士萍.吉州天目瓷的结构本质[J].河北陶瓷,1985(4):2-8.
CHEN X Q, HUANG R F, CHEN S P. The structural nature of Jizhou Tianmu porcelain[J]. Hebei Ceramics, 1985(4): 2-8 (in Chinese).
[54] LI W D, LI J Z, WU J, et al. Study on the phase-separated opaque glaze in ancient China from Qionglai kiln[J]. Ceramics International, 2003, 29(8): 933-937.
[55] JUNG J H, PYON K R, LEE B H. A study on the properties and formation mechanism of Nogime Temmoku glazes[J]. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 2010, 118(supplement): S6-S11.
[56] 张旭东,何文,陈广.Co-Cr-Fe-Mn系黑釉呈色机理研究[J].佛山陶瓷,1996,6(3):12-14.
ZHANG X D, HE W, CHEN G. Study on the coloring mechanism of Co-Cr-Fe-Mn black glaze[J]. Foshan Ceramics, 1996, 6(3): 12-14 (in Chinese).
[57] 陈显求,黄瑞福,陈士萍,等.宋代天目名釉中液相分离现象的发现[J].景德镇陶瓷,1981(1):4-12.
CHEN X Q, HUANG R F, CHEN S P, et al. The discovery of liquid phase separation in the famous glaze of Tianmu in Song Dynasty[J]. Jingdezhen's Ceramics, 1981(1): 4-12 (in Chinese).