Effect of Calcination Temperature on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Hydraulic Lime

Abstract

Abstract: Effect of calcination temperature from 900 ℃ to 1 150 ℃ on the physical and mechanical properties of natural hydraulic lime prepared from cambrian limestone was investigated. The calcined products were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and slaking reactivity, and the wind slaked lime was characterized by setting time, flexural strength and compressive strength. The test results show that free-CaO and β-Ca₂SiO₄ are detected and the compressive strength values at 28 d allows for the classification of the natural hydraulic lime as NHL2 for all calcination temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1 150 ℃. The free-CaO content and slaking reactivity of the calcined products first increase and then decrease with the increase of calcination temperature, and reach the peak values where the calcination temperature is 950 ℃. The setting time of natural hydraulic lime gradually decreases with the increase of calcination temperature, and the exception is at 950 ℃ where the setting time is lower than at 1 000 ℃. The mechanical properties of natural hydraulic lime does not demonstrate a clear relation to the calcination temperature, and the lime binder calcined at 1 150 ℃ reaches the highest flexural and compressive strengths at 28 d.

Key words: natural hydraulic lime, calcination temperature, free-CaO, wind slaked lime, setting time, bending and compressive strength

CLC Number:

TQ177.6⁺1

LIU Guangying, GUO Xiangyu, DAI Shibing, DAI Shibao, MAN Xiaolei. Effect of Calcination Temperature on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Hydraulic Lime[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2021, 40(3): 883-888.

References

[1] MARAVELAKI-KALAITZAKI P, BAKOLAS A, KARATASIOS I, et al. Hydraulic lime mortars for the restoration of historic masonry in Crete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2005, 35(8): 1577-1586.
[2] 王思嘉,方世强,张秉坚.典型环氧类粘结材料老化过程的探索性研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2017,29(2):15-25.
WANG S J, FANG S Q, ZHANG B J. Exploratory study on aging process of epoxy bonding material[J]. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, 2017, 29(2): 15-25 (in Chinese).
[3] 周霄,胡源,王金华,等.水硬石灰在花山岩画加固保护中的应用研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2011,23(2):1-7.
ZHOU X, HU Y, WANG J H, et al. Study on hydraulic lime mortar used for consolidation of Huashan rock paintings[J]. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, 2011, 23(2): 1-7 (in Chinese).
[4] 戴仕炳,钟燕,胡战勇.灰作十问:建成遗产保护石灰技术[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2016.
DAI S B, ZHONG Y, HU Z Y. Ten questions on grey works: lime technology for built heritage protection[M]. Shanghai: Tongji University Press, 2016 (in Chinese).
[5] 赵林毅,李黎,李最雄,等.中国古代建筑中两种传统硅酸盐材料的研究[J].无机材料学报,2011,26(12):1327-1334.
ZHAO L Y, LI L, LI Z X, et al. Research on two traditional silicate materials in China’s ancient building[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2011, 26(12): 1327-1334 (in Chinese).
[6] 罗凯.天然水硬性石灰的设计制备及性能研究[D].绵阳:西南科技大学,2020.
LUO K. Research on the preparation and performance of natural hydraulic lime[D]. Mianyang: Southwest University of Science and Technology, 2020 (in Chinese).
[7] 刘泽,王琳琳,姜启衎,等.水泥用石灰岩制备天然水硬性石灰NHL2的工艺优化与性能研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2019,38(8):2513-2517.
LIU Z, WANG L L, JIANG Q K, et al. Process optimization and properties research of natural hydraulic lime NHL2 prepared from limestone of cement fabrication[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(8): 2513-2517 (in Chinese).
[8] 沈雪飞,薛群虎,徐亮,等.利用铅锌尾矿制备天然水硬性石灰可行性研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2013,32(10):1973-1978.
SHEN X F, XUE Q H, XU L, et al. Research of the feasibility to prepare the natural hydraulic limes from the lead and zinc mine tailing[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2013, 32(10): 1973-1978 (in Chinese).
[9] PECKHAM S F. Cements, limes and plasters, their materials, manufacture and properties[J]. Science, 1905, 22(565): 522-523.
[10] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.水泥化学分析方法:GB/T 176—2017[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Chemical analysis method of cement: GB/T 176—2017[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2017 (in Chinese).
[11] 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.建筑石灰试验方法第1部分:物理试验方法:JC/T 478.1—2013[S].北京:建材工业出版社,2013.
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, PRC. Test methods for building lime-part 1: physical test methods: JC/T 478.1—2013[S]. Beijing: Building Materials Industry Press, 2013 (in Chinese).
[12] Building lime-part 2: test methods: BS EN 459-2: 2001[S]. London: British Standards Institution, 2004.
[13] VÁLEK J, VAN HALEM E, VIANI A, et al. Determination of optimal burning temperature ranges for production of natural hydraulic limes[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 66: 771-780.
[14] MOROPOULOU A, BAKOLAS A, AGGELAKOPOULOU E. The effects of limestone characteristics and calcination temperature to the reactivity of the quicklime[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2001, 31(4): 633-639.
[15] WANG X Y. Investigation of the reactivity and grain size of lime calcined at extra-high temperatures by flash heating[J]. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2016, 116(7): 1150-1164.
[16] 刘松辉.拜耳法赤泥制备低钙胶凝材料及凝结硬化机理[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2019.
LIU S H. Preparation and hardening mechanism of low calcium cementitious material made by bayer red mud[D]. Jiaozuo: Henan Polytechnic University, 2019 (in Chinese).