Abstract: Using room temperature ionic liquids(RTILs)[Bmim]Cl, [Bmim]BF_4, [C_2OH]mimCl and [C_2OHmim]BF_4 as template, zinc oxide of different morphology was successfully synthesized with microwave method in Zn(OH)_4~(2-) precursor solution. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The influence of different conditions on the morphology were also studied by SEM. The results showed that the nanometer ZnO were single crystalline with the wurtzite structure. ZnO nanoflakies, nanosheets, nanorods , nanocones, micro spherical and micro flowers were prepared with different RTILs. Preferential growth orientation along the [0001] direction became more apparent with the increasing of raw materials ratio. ZnO nanocones tend to be uniform, the crystallization is gradually improved and the length-diameter ratio is slowly raised with the temperature increasing from 80 ℃ to 95 ℃. A possible growth mechanism was also proposed to account for the formation of the multi-morphology ZnO. The photoluminescence spectra of the multi-morphology ZnO were studied at room temperature. The spectra show the sample which were prepared using RTILs as template emitted strong ultra violet emissions and relatively weak defect emissions. ZnO nanocones prepared with [Bmim]Cl as template emitted the most strong ultra violet emission peak at 387 nm. ZnO nanosheets prepared with [C_2OHmim]Cl as template generated the sharp strong green light emission peak at 387 nm.

Key words: RTILs%microwave%zinc oxide%multi morphology%photoluminescence property