Performance and Microstructure Evolution of Sulfate-Resistant Double-Liquid Grouting Material for Shield Tunnel

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0280

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to deal with the erosion of sulfate in groundwater to the grouting material of shield tunnel， a sulfate-resistant double-liquid grouting material was developed. The effects of water-binder ratio （w/b）， ground granulated blast furnace slag （GGBS） content and liquid volume ratio of A and B （liquid A is cementitious material slurry， liquid B is sodium silicate solution） on the working performance， mechanical properties and sulfate resistance of double-liquid grouting materials were studied. The mechanism of sulfate resistance improvement was revealed by XRD， SEM-EDS， TG-DTG and FTIR. The results show that the grouting material has good fluidity， the 28 d compressive strength is 9.38 MPa to 17.17 MPa， and the corrosion resistance coefficient is more than 0.8. It has excellent mechanical properties and sulfate resistance while meeting the requirements of construction fluidity. The content of GGBS has the most significant effect on the compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient of grouting materials. The reason is that GGBS exerts filler effect and pozzolanic activity to consume Ca（OH）₂ to form more C-S-H gel， which promotes the formation of dense microstructure and improves mechanical properties. Reducing w/b and increasing GGBS content can promote the formation of physical barrier to block the migration and diffusion of external SO $4 2 -$ ， and promote the effective adsorption of SO $4 2 -$ by C-S-H， thereby improving the sulfate resistance of grouting material.

Key words: shield tunnel, sulfate-resistant, double-liquid grouting material, filler effect, volcanic ash activity, physical barrier

CLC Number:

U454

ZOU Yingjie, LI Huajian, HUANG Fali, FENG Junjie, SHI Henan, DONG Haoliang, YI Zhonglai. Performance and Microstructure Evolution of Sulfate-Resistant Double-Liquid Grouting Material for Shield Tunnel[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(9): 3027-3042.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1 Main chemical composition of cement and GGBS

Material	Mass fraction/%
Material	CaO	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	MgO	SO₃	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	TiO₂
Cement	52.67	21.08	6.85	3.34	3.05	1.99	0.89	0.46
GGBS	36.78	28.77	14.82	8.19	1.99	0.45	0.20	0.57

Fig.1 Particle size distribution and parameters of cement and GGBS

Table 2 Orthogonal experimental mix proportion

Sample	Proportion/（kg·m^-3）					Sodium silicate content/（L·m^-3）
Sample	Cement	GGBS	Bentonite	Stabilizer	Water	Sodium silicate content/（L·m^-3）
1（w1.2G40V12）	355.9	237.2	30.0	3.5	711.7	77.0
2（w1.2G60V15）	241.0	361.5	30.0	3.5	723.0	62.6
3（w1.2G80V18）	121.8	487.1	30.0	3.5	730.0	52.7
4（w1.5G40V15）	302.3	201.6	30.0	3.5	755.9	62.6
5（w1.5G60V18）	203.7	305.6	30.0	3.5	763.9	52.7
6（w1.5G80V12）	99.2	396.8	30.0	3.5	744.0	77.0
7（w1.8G40V18）	262.6	175.1	30.0	3.5	787.8	52.7
8（w1.8G60V12）	170.5	255.8	30.0	3.5	767.3	77.0
9（w1.8G80V15）	86.6	346.4	30.0	3.5	779.5	62.6

Fig.2 Preparation and performance testing of grouting materials

Fig.3 Flow time， bleeding rate of A liquid and their influencing factors and levels

Fig.4 Operable time of double-liquid slurry and its influencing factors and levels

Fig.5 Flexural strength and compressive strength of double-liquid slurry in water and natural molding and their influencing factors and levels

Fig.6 Water-land strength ratio of flexural strength and compressive strength of double-liquid slurry and their influencing factors and levels

Fig.7 Flexural strength and compressive strength of double-liquid slurry after soaking in water and 5% Na2SO4 and their influencing factors and levels

Fig.8 XRD patterns of 9 samples after standard curing for 28 d and 3 samples after soaking in 5% Na2SO4 solution

Fig.9 SEM images of 28 d hardened samples

Fig.10 SEM-EDS test results of samples 3， 5， and 7 soaking in 5% Na2SO4 solution

Fig.11 EDS point scan test results of C-S-H on surface of samples 3， 5， and 7 soaked in 5% Na2SO4 solution

Fig.12 TG-DTG test results of 9 samples after standard curing for 28 d and 3 samples after soaking in 5% Na2SO4 solution

Fig.13 FTIR full spectra and local enlarged spectra of samples 3， 5， and 7 after standard curing for 28 d

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