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BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (9): 3070-3082.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0229

• Cement and Concrete • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Full-Age Prediction and Interpretability Study of Concrete Compressive Strength Based on Machine Learning

LI Shuo(), QIN Yanhui(), LI Meng’en, MA Haoyuan, YIN Jinshuai, ZHENG Lulu, DENG Suwen   

  1. School of Civil Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China
  • Received:2026-03-16 Revised:2026-04-08 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-10-09
  • Contact: QIN Yanhui

Abstract:

To address the problems of a long testing period, high cost, and difficulty in achieving full-process monitoring in the traditional determination of concrete compressive strength, this study developed a full-age prediction model for concrete compressive strength based on 1 250 sets of test data using four learning algorithms, namely random forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and categorical boosting (CatBoost). Combined with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretability analysis, the influencing mechanism of concrete strength was revealed. The results show that the CatBoost model exhibits the optimal comprehensive performance, with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.96, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.29 MPa, and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.25 MPa for the full dataset. It also maintains a stable predictive capability across all stages including the early age (≤7 d), medium age (14 d to 28 d), and late age (>28 d). XGBoost achieves the best performance in the fly ash-free system (R2=0.98), while CatBoost has the strongest adaptability in the ground granulated blast furnace slag-free system (R2=0.95). SHAP analysis verifies the core effects of the water-binder ratio law and pozzolanic effect, identifies age, cement content, and water content as the key influencing factors, with the water content of 170 kg/m3 to 180 kg/m3 being the strength inflection point. This study can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of concrete mix proportion and on-site rapid quality assessment, and has important engineering application value.

Key words: concrete compressive strength, machine learning model, CatBoost, SHAP interpretation, age stage division

CLC Number: