Effect of TEOS Doping Concentration on Microstructure of Tb3Al5O12 Ceramics

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0976

Abstract

Abstract:

Terbium aluminum garnet （Tb₃Al₅O₁₂， TAG） transparent ceramics is an ideal magneto-optical medium for the visible and near-infrared regions owing to its excellent properties. In this work， TAG ceramics with different tetraethyl orthosilicate （TEOS） doping concentrations were prepared via reactive sintering using commercial powders as raw materials. The deoxygenation reaction mechanism of Tb₄O₇ powder during heating was systematically investigated. Furthermore， the influence of TEOS doping concentration on the phase evolution and microstructure of TAG ceramics was revealed， and the correlation of sintering temperature and TEOS concentration with the relative density and grain size of the ceramics was elucidated. The results indicate that pre-calcination of Tb₄O₇ powder above 1 000 ℃ is necessary. By doping with 0.4% （mass fraction） TEOS， TAG ceramics with a relative density of 97% are obtained after sintering at 1 600 ℃. The as-sintered material exhibits an average grain size of about 3.7 μm and a microstructure free of intergranular pores. Subsequently， highly transparent TAG ceramics are obtained by post-sintering hot isostatic pressing （HIP） treatment of the pre-sintered bodies.

Key words: magneto-optical ceramics, Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ （TAG）, tetraethyl orthosilicate （TEOS）, doping concentration, hot isostatic pressing, microstructure

CLC Number:

TQ174

DUAN Pingping, WAN Zhong, WANG Yinzhen, NING Jieni. Effect of TEOS Doping Concentration on Microstructure of Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ Ceramics[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1346-1353.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 DSC-TG curves of Tb4O7 powder

Fig.2 XRD patterns of Tb4O7 calcined at different temperatures

Fig.3 DSC-TG curves of mixed powders of Al2O3 and Tb4O7 after ball milling

Fig.4 XRD patterns of TAG ceramics sintered at different temperatures

Fig.5 XRD patterns of 1 600 ℃ sintered TAG ceramics with different doping concentrations of TEOS

Fig.6 SEM images of 1 600 ℃ sintered TAG ceramics with different doping concentrations of TEOS

Fig.7 Relation of average grain size and relative density of TAG ceramics with temperature and doping concentration of TEOS

Fig.8 Transmittance and corresponding images of transparent TAG ceramics doped with 0.4%TEOSunder different sintering processes

References 29

[1]	CHAO K， YAM V， VIVIEN L， et al. Integrated TE optical isolator based on magneto-optical perturbation in coupled waveguides［J］. Scientific Reports， 2025， 15： 20381.
[2]	张溪文，董博，洪炜，等. 光隔离器及其相关的磁光材料［J］. 材料科学与工程， 2002， 20（3）： 438-440.
	ZHANG X W， DONG B， HONG W， et al. Optical isolator and corresponding magneto-optical materials［J］. Materials Science and Engineering， 2002， 20（3）： 438-440 （in Chinese）.
[3]	VOITOVICH A V， KATIN E V， MUKHIN I B， et al. Wide-aperture Faraday isolator for kilowatt average radiation powers［J］. Quantum Electronics， 2007， 37（5）： 471-474..
[4]	BOZOROV N S， KOKANBAYEV I M， MADALIEV A M， et al. Optical absorption and luminescence spectra of terbium gallium garnet TbGaG and terbium aluminum garnet TbAlG［J］. Inorganics， 2025， 13（2）： 61.
[5]	GEHO M， SEKIJIMA T， FUJII T. Growth of terbium aluminum garnet （Tb₃Al₅O₁₂； TAG） single crystals by the hybrid laser floating zone machine［J］. Journal of Crystal Growth， 2004， 267（1/2）： 188-193.
[6]	LIU H P， ZHAN G X， WU G H， et al. Improved edge-defined film-fed growth of incongruent-melting Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ crystal with high magneto-optical and thermal performances［J］. Crystal Growth & Design， 2019， 19（3）： 1525-1531.
[7]	GEHO M， SEKIJIMA T， FUJII T. Growth mechanism of incongruently melting terbium aluminum garnet （Tb₃Al₅O₁₂； TAG） single crystals by laser FZ method［J］. Journal of Crystal Growth， 2005， 275（1/2）： e663-e667.
[8]	GANSCHOW S， KLIMM D， EPELBAUM B M， et al. Growth conditions and composition of terbium aluminum garnet single crystals grown by the micro pulling down technique［J］. Journal of Crystal Growth， 2001， 225（2/3/4）： 454-457.
[9]	YASUHARA R， TOKITA S， KAWANAKA J， et al. Cryogenic temperature characteristics of Verdet constant on terbium gallium garnet ceramics［J］. Optics Express， 2007， 15（18）： 11255-11261.
[10]	ZHE C， LING Z， YONG Y J， et al. High transmittance and magneto-optical properties of titanium， cerium co-doped terbium gallium garnet ceramic［J］. Ceramics International， 2022， 48（9）： 13200-13204.
[11]	LI X， ZHANG L X， WU J L， et al. Optimization of silicon addition for enhancing transparency of terbium gallium garnet magneto-optical ceramics［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society， 2025， 45（3）： 116973.
[12]	LIN H， ZHOU S M， TENG H. Synthesis of Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ （TAG） transparent ceramics for potential magneto-optical applications［J］. Optical Materials， 2011， 33（11）： 1833-1836.
[13]	CHEN C， ZHOU S M， LIN H， et al. Fabrication and performance optimization of the magneto-optical （Tb_1- _x R _x ）₃Al₅O₁₂ （R = Y， Ce） transparent ceramics［J］. Applied Physics Letters， 2012， 101（13）： 131908.
[14]	CHEN C， YI X Z， ZHANG S， et al. Vacuum sintering of Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ transparent ceramics with combined TEOS+MgO sintering aids［J］. Ceramics International， 2015， 41（10）： 12823-12827.
[15]	SHEN S J， CHEN J， JIANG R J， et al. Fabrication of high optical quality TAG ceramics by vacuum sintering and non-stoichiometric Mg²⁺-Si⁴⁺ co-doping［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society， 2025， 45（2）： 116893.
[16]	ZHANG L X， LI X Y， HU D J， et al. Magneto-optical， thermal， and mechanical properties of polycrystalline Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ transparent ceramics［J］. Journal of the American Ceramic Society， 2023， 106（9）： 5311-5321.
[17]	ZHANG L X， HU D J， SNETKOV I L， et al. A review on magneto-optical ceramics for Faraday isolators［J］. Journal of Advanced Ceramics， 2023， 12（5）： 873-915.
[18]	ZHANG L X， STAROBOR A V， HU D J， et al. Highly transparent Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ ceramics for kilowatt-level Faraday isolator［J］. Journal of the American Ceramic Society， 2024， 107（6）： 3653-3658.
[19]	ZHANG L X， HU D J， LI X， et al. Effect of Y substitution on the microstructure， magneto-optical， and thermal properties of （Tb_1- _x Y _x ）₃Al₅O₁₂ transparent ceramics［J］. Journal of Advanced Ceramics， 2024， 13（4）： 529-538.
[20]	SNETKOV I， YAKOVLEV A， STAROBOR A， et al. Thermo-optical properties of terbium sesquioxide （Tb₂O₃） ceramics at room temperature［J］. Optics Letters， 2021， 46（15）： 3592-3595.
[21]	MAKSIMOV R N， PLATONOV V V， OSIPOV V V， et al. Properties of terbium oxide nanoparticles synthesized via laser ablation in a reducing medium［J］. Inorganic Materials， 2023， 59（2）： 171-178.
[22]	BALABANOV S S， PERMIN D A， ROSTOKINA E Y， et al. Synthesis and structural characterization of ultrafine terbium oxide powders［J］. Ceramics International， 2017， 43（18）： 16569-16574.
[23]	SALLÉ C， MAÎTRE A， BAUMARD J F， et al. A first approach of silica effect on the sintering of Nd∶YAG［J］. Optical Review， 2007， 14（4）： 169-172.
[24]	LAI Y Q， LU B， WANG M. Optical properties and Faraday magneto-optical effects of highly transparent novel Tb₂Zr₂O₇ fluorite ceramics［J］. Scripta Materialia， 2023， 227： 115282.
[25]	YANG Y J， DENG Z Q， HUANG Q F， et al. Synthesis of YAG transparent ceramics via vacuum sintering employing aluminium isopropoxide as sintering aid［J］. Ceramics International， 2025， 51（23）： 38823-38830.
[26]	KOCHAWATTANA S， STEVENSON A， LEE S H， et al. Sintering and grain growth in SiO₂ doped Nd∶YAG［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society， 2008， 28（7）： 1527-1534.
[27]	ZOU S， HE X Y， ZENG X， et al. Microstructure and properties of Bi-doped yttrium iron garnet magneto-optical ceramics prepared by hot-pressing sintering process［J］. Journal of Inorganic Materials， 2022， 37（7）： 773.
[28]	DUAN P P， LIU P， XU X D， et al. Fabrication of transparent Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ ceramics by hot isostatic pressing sintering［J］. Journal of the American Ceramic Society， 2017， 100（7）： 2893-2900.
[29]	ZHANG L X， LI X Y， HU D J， et al. Fine-grained Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ transparent ceramics prepared by co-precipitation synthesis and two-step sintering［J］. Magnetochemistry， 2023， 9（2）： 47.

Effect of TEOS Doping Concentration on Microstructure of Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ Ceramics

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 8

References 29

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	WANG Haihao, GAN Yuanchu, HOU Qingzhen, CHEN Zhenfu, JIN Dan, FU Xinbo. Preparation and Performance of Hydrophobic-Modified Calcined Diatomite Mortar [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1122-1131.
[2]	HONG Chuanhai, LIANG Ruiqing, LIANG Zhensheng, ZHANG Botao, TANG Xuemei, RUAN Guowei, LIN Jiaxiang. Properties of Seawater Coral Sand Powder Engineered Cementitious Composites after High-Temperature Exposure [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1151-1159.
[3]	ZHU Shidong, CHEN Wannian, LI Zhonghui, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Yunsheng, LI Wangxin. Effect of Vibration Mixing on Performance and Carbon Emissions of Fly Ash Concrete [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1193-1207.
[4]	GUO Yangguang, QIN Yongjun, LUO Ling, CHEN Juncheng, LI Qi, CHENG Hao. Mechanical Properties of Silica Fume and Glass Fiber Fully Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1296-1303.
[5]	CHEN Juncheng, LUO Ling, QIN Yongjun, GUO Yangguang, LI Qi, CHENG Hao. Mechanical Properties and Water Resistance of Recycled Hydraulic Concrete with Silica Fume and Polyoxymethylene Fiber [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1304-1314.
[6]	NI Yubo, CHEN Zhibin, ZENG Guang, LUO Qiong, CHEN Qiao, LIU Jia, LI Wenjun, ZOU Aoqi, WANG Jing, TIAN Peijing, HAN Jianjun. Effect of ZrO₂ on Crystallization Behavior and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Li₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃ Glass-Ceramics [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(3): 835-844.
[7]	JIA Xuhe, ZHAO Renlong, ZHANG Jihong, XIE Jun. Effect of Al₂O₃/SiO₂ on Crystallization Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-MgO Glass-Ceramics [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(3): 845-852.
[8]	XU Kaiqin, LIAO Yishun, ZHANG Pu, ZHANG Dong, QI Dongyou. Effect of Calcium Nitrate on Performance of Ferroaluminate Cement at -10 ℃ [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 380-389.
[9]	WANG Yijiang, LI Zijun, HE Zhihai, LU Jun. Effect of Microwave Curing on Strength and Microstructure of Incense Stick Ash-Cement Composite Cementitious Materials [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 540-548.
[10]	WEN He, ZHANG Xiaoxiang, GU Lei, DENG Jiaxin. Synergistic Carbonation-Hydration Mechanisms and Microstructural Evolution in Low-Heat Cement and Steel Slag Mortars [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 562-572.
[11]	RUI Zhenhua, LYU Xiangyu, GUO Can, HUANG Shan, NIU Dongyu. Influence of Molybdenum Tailings Sand Substitution Amount on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Manufactured Sand Cement Mortar [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 573-581.
[12]	YANG Yuanqing, WANG Tian, GUO Rui, ZHU Jianfeng, LI Qiang, WANG Fen, LUO Hongjie. Preliminary Analysis of Microstructure and Physicochemical Composition of Ancient Porcelain from Huozhou Kiln in Shanxi Province [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 634-645.
[13]	PAN Honghai, ZHANG Wen, WANG Honglei, ZHOU Xingui. Preparation and Properties Regulation of Tubular Halloysite Doped Cordierite Ceramics [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 603-612.
[14]	NIE Zhijian, WANG Qiang, YANG Xiufu, MA Xing, SHI Lei, LI Shixin. Interfacial Structure and Hermeticity of Kovar Alloy-Glass Seals via Pre-Oxidation Temperature Control [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(1): 299-308.
[15]	LIANG Xinxing, ZHANG Jingshen, WANG Chaosheng, LIANG Liguizu, LIU Ze, ZHANG Tong, ZHU Yingcan. Influence of Pre-Curing on Macroscopic Properties and Microstructure of Silicon Calcium Slag Composite Autoclaved Aerated Concrete [J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(1): 40-46.