Dielectric Property and Microwave Absorption Performance of Hot-Pressing Sintering SiCN Ceramics

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0934

Abstract

Abstract:

SiCN ceramics are recognized as a pivotal material system for meeting the urgent demand for lightweight， high-temperature resistant， and highly efficient microwave absorption in high-speed aircraft， owing to their low densities， exceptional thermal stability， and tunable dielectric properties. However， impedance mismatching remains a critical bottleneck restricting the further enhancement of their microwave absorption performance. Among various factors， heat-treatment temperature plays a key role in tailoring the impedance matching characteristics by modifying the phase composition and microstructure of SiCN ceramics. To address these， this work optimized the dielectric property and microwave absorption performance of SiCN ceramics by controlling the sintering temperature and fabricated SiCN ceramic specimens via a precursor pre-pyrolysis approach followed by hot-pressing sintering process at different temperatures. The complex permittivity of ceramic specimens was accurately characterized using the waveguide method. The results show that the SiCN ceramics prepared by hot-pressing sintering at 1 300 ℃ exhibits well-balanced dielectric properties and favorable impedance matching， leading to outstanding microwave absorption performance in both X-band and Ku-band， with effective absorption bandwidths reaching 2.86 and 4.42 GHz， respectively. The SiCN ceramics prepared by hot-pressing sintering at 1 400 ℃ exhibits a higher degree of graphitization and an excessively high complex permittivity， which causes impedance mismatching， leading to increased surface reflection and a decline in microwave absorption performance.

Key words: SiCN ceramics, hot-pressing sintering temperature, impedance matching, dielectric property, radar cross section, microwave absorption performance

CLC Number:

TB332

LIU Hongrui, MA Denghao, CHEN Ke, CHENG Yehong, WANG Honglei, YU Jinshan, ZHOU Xingui. Dielectric Property and Microwave Absorption Performance of Hot-Pressing Sintering SiCN Ceramics[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(4): 1324-1334.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 TG-DSC curves of PSZ

Fig.2 FT-IR spectra of PSZ after heat treatment at different temperatures

Fig.3 XRD patterns of SiCN ceramics under different hot-pressing sintering temperatures

Fig.4 Surface microstructure and elemental distribution of SiCN-1300 and SiCN-1400

Fig.5 Raman spectra of SiCN-1300 and SiCN-1400

Fig.6 Real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity of SiCN-1300 and SiCN-1400 in X-band and Ku-band

Fig.7 Cole-Cole curves of SiCN-1300 and SiCN-1400

Fig.8 Polarization loss and conductivity loss fitting curves of SiCN-1300 and SiCN-1400 in Ku-band

Fig.9 tan δ value of SiCN-1300 and SiCN-1400 in X-band and Ku-band

Fig.10 α value of SiCN-1300 and SiCN-1400 in X-band and Ku-band

Fig.11 Impedance matching 3D curves of SiCN-1300 and SiCN-1400 in X-band and Ku-band

Fig.12 Reflection loss 3D curves of SiCN-1300 and SiCN-1400 in X-band and Ku-band

Fig.13 3D radar scattering signals and RCS simulation curves of PEC， SiCN-1300， and SiCN-1400

Fig.14 Comparison chart of EAB for SiCN ceramics and composites at different thicknesses

References 35

[1]	XIA Q S， HAN Z， ZHANG Z C， et al. High temperature microwave absorbing materials［J］. Journal of Materials Chemistry C， 2023， 11（14）： 4552-4569.
[2]	DAI G H， DENG R X， YOU X， et al. Entropy-driven phase regulation of high-entropy transition metal oxide and its enhanced high-temperature microwave absorption by in-situ dual phases［J］. Journal of Materials Science & Technology， 2022， 116： 11-21.
[3]	HU J D， LIU K， LI Z P， et al. Excellent microwave absorption property of 3D printed SiCN matrix metamaterial［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society， 2024， 44（11）： 6253-6260.
[4]	GUO X， FENG Y R， LIU Y， et al. Cross-linking behavior and dielectric properties of SiCN precursor［J］. Ceramics International， 2017， 43（18）： 16866-16871.
[5]	XUE J M， TANG Z M， WANG C X， et al. Microstructure and EMW absorption properties of PDCs-SiCN（Ti） ceramics with adjustable SiC nanowires and TiC nanocrystallines［J］. Materials Research Bulletin， 2024， 176： 112804.
[6]	YU Z， MA M W， LIU Z Y， et al. Hyperbranched polyborosilazanes derived SiBCN ceramic for high-temperature wave-transparent performance［J］. Journal of Materials Science & Technology， 2024， 196： 162-170.
[7]	LIU H R， MA D H， CHEN K， et al. Effects of SiC_f types and their heat treatment on the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of SiC_f/SiC （SiCN） composites［J］. Ceramics International， 2025， 51（24）： 42852-42861.
[8]	赵雨航，郭蕾，马青松. 陶瓷先驱体催化裂解研究进展［J］. 硅酸盐通报， 2022， 41（4）： 1395-1403.
	ZHAO Y H， GUO L， MA Q S. Research progress on catalytical pyrolysis of preceramic polymers［J］. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society， 2022， 41（4）： 1395-1403 （in Chinese）.
[9]	LIU M Y， WANG G T， MIAO Y L， et al. Polymer-derived Co₂Si（Co）/SiCN composite ceramics with tunable microwave absorption properties［J］. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology， 2023， 20（5）： 2930-2941.
[10]	PAN Z X， WANG D， GUO X， et al. High strength and microwave-absorbing polymer-derived SiCN honeycomb ceramic prepared by 3D printing［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society， 2022， 42（4）： 1322-1331.
[11]	WANG S， GONG H Y， ASHFAQ M Z， et al. Strengthened microwave absorption properties of polymer-derived carbon-rich SiCN （Ni₃Si） ceramic fibers pyrolyzed at low temperature［J］. Ceramics International， 2023， 49（18）： 30719-30731.
[12]	ZHOU W， LI Y， LONG L， et al. High-temperature electromagnetic wave absorption properties of C_f/SiCNFs/Si₃N₄ composites［J］. Journal of the American Ceramic Society， 2020， 103（12）： 6822-6832.
[13]	WANG S， GONG H Y， ZHANG Y J， et al. Microwave absorption properties of polymer-derived SiCN（CNTs） composite ceramics［J］. Ceramics International， 2021， 47（1）： 1294-1302.
[14]	王姗. 聚合物衍生SiCN基复合陶瓷的制备及电磁波吸收性能研究［D］. 长春：吉林大学， 2024： 89-108.
	WANG S. Preparation and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of polymer-derived SiCN-based composite ceramics［D］. Changchun： Jilin University， 2024： 89-108 （in Chinese）.
[15]	刘茂云. SiCN基复合陶瓷的制备及吸波性能调控［D］. 济南：山东大学， 2023： 19-32.
	LIU M Y. Preparation and electromagnetic wave absorption property modulation of SiCN based composite ceramics［D］. Jinan： Shandong University， 2023： 19-32 （in Chinese）.
[16]	王仙丽. SiCN前驱体陶瓷的制备及其吸波性能研究［D］. 济南：山东大学， 2015： 34-63.
	WANG X L. Preparation and wave absorbing properties of SiCN polymer-derived ceramics［D］. Jinan： Shandong University， 2015： 34-63 （in Chinese）.
[17]	TONG Y C， GUO X， LIU C， et al. Shellular SiCN ceramics with integrated structure and function realizing full electromagnetic wave absorption in the X-band［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society， 2024， 44（8）： 5055-5067.
[18]	ZHANG S Y， SUN Y W， WU C. The microstructure and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of short-cut carbon fiber-reinforced TiB₂-SiC-B₄C composite［J］. Ceramics International， 2025， 51（21）： 33493-33501.
[19]	REN B， DENG Y M， JIA Y J， et al. Achieving broadband electromagnetic absorption at a wide temperature range up to 1 273 K by metamaterial design on polymer-derived SiC-BN@CNT ceramic composites［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal， 2023， 478： 147251.
[20]	FENG P， WEI H J， XUE J M， et al. High-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorption of TiB₂-SiCnws-SiOC synthesised using PDCs［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society， 2023， 43（12）： 5207-5213.
[21]	LI Q， YIN X W， ZHANG L T， et al. Effects of SiC fibers on microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of SiC_f/SiCN composites［J］. Ceramics International， 2016， 42（16）： 19237-19244.
[22]	REN Z W， ZHOU W C， QING Y C， et al. Effect of different kinds of SiC fibers on microwave absorption and mechanical properties of SiC_f/SiC composites［J］. Journal of Materials Science： Materials in Electronics， 2021， 32（21）： 25668-25678.
[23]	DUAN S C， ZHU D M， ZHOU W C， et al. Mechanical and microwave absorption properties of Ti-filled SiC_f/SiC composites via precursor infiltration and pyrolysis［J］. Journal of Materials Science： Materials in Electronics， 2020， 31（3）： 2634-2642.
[24]	YANG F， XUE J M， MA Y J， et al. Impedance matching optimization of SiC_f/Si₃N₄-SiOC composites for excellent microwave absorption properties［J］. Ceramics International， 2022， 48（2）： 1889-1897.
[25]	HOU Z X， XUE J M， LIU Y Q， et al. Bidirectional periodic pore structure Si-C-N multiphase ceramic with high thermostability and excellent microwave absorption properties over a wide temperature range［J］. Journal of the European Ceramic Society， 2024， 44（2）： 850-857.
[26]	WANG W Q， LI Z C， GAO X， et al. Material extrusion 3D printing of large-scale SiC honeycomb metastructure for ultra-broadband and high temperature electromagnetic wave absorption［J］. Additive Manufacturing， 2024， 85： 104158.
[27]	WEN J M， DENG L C， SHEN H， et al. Plasma-assisted bipolarity carrier modulation in TMDs to accelerate dipole polarization for enhanced electromagnetic attenuation［J］. Advanced Functional Materials， 2026， 36（11）： e19086.
[28]	TAO J Q， XU L L， PEI C B， et al. Catfish effect induced by anion sequential doping for microwave absorption［J］. Advanced Functional Materials， 2023， 33（8）： 2211996.
[29]	LIU Y J， WEI X F， HE X X， et al. Multifunctional shape memory composites for joule heating， self-healing， and highly efficient microwave absorption［J］. Advanced Functional Materials， 2023， 33（5）： 2211352.
[30]	谭俊杰，赵国梁，徐晨. 陶瓷基吸波复合材料研究进展［J］. 陶瓷学报， 2023， 44（5）： 849-863.
	TAN J J， ZHAO G L， XU C. Progress of ceramic-based composites for microwave absorption［J］. Journal of Ceramics， 2023， 44（5）： 849-863 （in Chinese）.
[31]	ZHANG H H， LIU H， ZHU M， et al. Selective microwave absorption of SiC-Si₃N₄ porous ceramics prepared by sacrificial template method［J］. Ceramics International， 2023， 49（16）： 27604-27613.
[32]	ZHANG W T， ZHANG Z Z， ZHAO F X， et al. High-temperature stability of wave absorption properties for SiC enhanced ZrB₂-Al₂O₃ ceramics［J］. Ceramics International， 2024， 50（18）： 33571-33580.
[33]	REN Z W， ZHOU W C， QING Y C， et al. Improved mechanical and microwave absorption properties of SiC_f/SiC composites with SiO₂ filler［J］. Ceramics International， 2021， 47（10）： 14455-14463.
[34]	TONG Y C， LIU C M， LIU C， et al. Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties of SiCN（Ni）/BN ceramics by in situ generated Ni and Ni₃Si［J］. RSC Advances， 2024， 14（12）： 8293-8302.
[35]	LIU C M， TONG Y C， LIU C， et al. Impedance matching optimization mechanism of SiBCN（Ni） absorbing fibers with Ni as catalyst［J］. Ceramics International， 2024， 50（9）： 15965-15975.