硅灰制备硅/碳化硅纳米复合材料及其储锂性能研究

硅酸盐通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 3053-3062.

硅灰制备硅/碳化硅纳米复合材料及其储锂性能研究

黄海铭^1,2,3, 杜静^1,2,3, 谢捷洋^1,2,3, 陈情泽^1,2,3, 朱润良^1,2,3

1.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,中国科学院矿物学与成矿学重点实验室/广东省矿物物理与材料研究开发重点实验室,广州 510640;
2.中国科学院深地科学卓越创新中心,广州 510640;
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-01-15 修订日期:2024-04-10 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-08-12
通信作者: 陈情泽,博士,副研究员。E-mail:chenqingze@gig.ac.cn
作者简介:黄海铭(1999—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事锂离子电池硅负极材料的研究。E-mail:hhm15521185473@163.com
基金资助:
广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B0101370003);广东省自然科学基金杰出青年基金(2023B1515020006);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2020347);惠州市重点领域科技攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目;广东省科技计划(2023B1212060048)

Synthesis of Silicon/Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites from Silica Fume and Investigation of Its Lithium Storage Performance

HUANG Haiming^1,2,3, DU Jing^1,2,3, XIE Jieyang^1,2,3, CHEN Qingze^1,2,3, ZHU Runliang^1,2,3

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, China;
2. CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-01-15 Revised:2024-04-10 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 硅负极的体积效应导致锂离子电池的循环寿命短且容量迅速衰减,如何提高硅负极材料的循环稳定性至关重要。采用了熔盐辅助镁热还原法,通过使用含有单质碳的工业固体废弃物硅灰,成功设计了一种碳化硅增强的硅纳米材料(SF-Si),所制备的SF-Si样品不仅保留了SF本身存在的SiC,还将单质碳转化为SiC,使样品中的SiC含量达到了16.4%(质量分数)。与经过热处理去除单质碳的硅灰制备的硅材料(H-SF-Si)相比,SF-Si负极材料表现出更好的循环性能和倍率性能,即第1圈2 584.76 mAh·g^-1的高比容量和第100圈时具有83%的容量保持率,并且在高电流密度5 A·g^-1下的平均容量仍为877.28 mAh·g^-1,这主要归因于更高的SiC含量。研究表明,硅灰在锂离子电池硅负极领域具有应用潜力,其碳元素在制备硅基纳米材料时发挥积极的作用。

关键词: 硅/碳化硅纳米复合材料, 硅灰, 镁热还原, 锂离子电池, 负极材料, 工业固体废弃物

Abstract: The volumetric expansion of silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries leads to a shortened cycling life and rapid capacity decay. Consequently, it is imperative to enhance the cyclic stability of silicon anode materials. In this study, we employed a molten salt-assisted magnesiothermic reduction method and successfully devised a silicon nanomaterial reinforced with silicon carbide (SF-Si) by utilizing silica fume containing elemental carbon, which is an industrial solid waste. The resulting SF-Si sample not only retained the SiC present in the silica fume but also converted the elemental carbon into SiC, achieving a SiC content of 16.4% (mass fraction). Comparative analysis with silicon material prepared from heat-treated silica fume without elemental carbon removal (H-SF-Si) revealed that SF-Si exhibited superior cyclic and rate performance. It attained a high specific capacity of 2 584.76 mAh·g^-1 in the first cycle, maintained an 83% capacity retention after 100 cycles, and even at a high current density of 5 A·g^-1, the average capacity remained at 877.28 mAh·g^-1. These enhancements were primarily attributed to the higher SiC content. The study underscores the potential application of silica fume in the domain of silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries, with its carbon element playing a constructive role in the preparation of silicon-based nanomaterials.

Key words: silicon/silicon carbide nanocomposite, silica fume, magnesiothermic reduction, lithium-ion battery, anode material, industrial solid waste

中图分类号:

TM912

黄海铭, 杜静, 谢捷洋, 陈情泽, 朱润良. 硅灰制备硅/碳化硅纳米复合材料及其储锂性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(8): 3053-3062.

HUANG Haiming, DU Jing, XIE Jieyang, CHEN Qingze, ZHU Runliang. Synthesis of Silicon/Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites from Silica Fume and Investigation of Its Lithium Storage Performance[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(8): 3053-3062.

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