铅锌冶炼渣基胶凝材料固化电镀污泥研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电镀污泥是含有各类重金属的危险废物。本文利用铅锌冶炼渣制备胶凝材料,评估该胶凝材料对固化电镀污泥效果,并阐明了有机聚合物对固化过程的影响机制。结果表明,在碱含量为3.5%(质量分数)、水玻璃模数1.4、液固比0.22条件下,铅锌冶炼渣基胶凝材料可安全固化2.5%(质量分数)的电镀污泥;与未加有机聚合物相比,加入有机聚合物后复合胶凝材料对电镀污泥的固化量提高一倍,同时抗压强度提高27.45%,此时总Cr浸出浓度从20.05 mg/L降低至13.65 mg/L,低于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)规定的限值。固化体的矿物组成、微观形貌、化学键和原子价态分析表明,在铅锌冶炼渣中Fe(II)和有机聚合物共同作用下,能有效降低Cr毒性,提高重金属离子固定率。本研究为安全处置电镀污泥及综合利用铅锌冶炼渣提供了新思路。

关键词: 铅锌冶炼渣, 电镀污泥, 有机聚合物, 抗压强度, 重金属固定

Abstract: Electroplating sludge (ES) is a hazardous waste containing various heavy metals. This study aims to evaluate the solidification effectiveness of a geopolymer material prepared from lead-zinc smelting slag (LZSS) on electroplating sludge and elucidate the impact mechanism of organic polymers on this process. The results demonstrate that under the conditions of 3.5% (mass fraction) alkali content, a water glass modulus of 1.4, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.22, the lead-zinc smelting slag-based geopolymer material can safely immobilize 2.5% (mass fraction) electroplating sludge. The addition of organic polymers enhances the immobilization amount of composite geopolymer material twofold and increases the compressive strength by 27.45%. At this stage, the total leaching concentration of Cr decreases from 20.05 mg/L to 13.65 mg/L, which is lower than the limit specified in the Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes-Identification for Extraction Toxicity (GB 5085.3—2007). Mineral composition analysis, microstructure observation, chemical bond analysis, and oxidation state characterization of the solidified matrix indicate that the combined effect of Fe(II) in the lead-zinc smelting slag and organic polymers effectively reduces the toxicity of Cr and enhances the fixation rate of heavy metal ions. This study provides a new approach to the safe disposal and comprehensive utilization of electroplating sludge and lead-zinc smelting slag.

Key words: lead-zinc smelting slag, electroplating sludge, organic polymer, compressive strength, heavy metal immobilization

中图分类号:

X758

石燿铭, 李东伟. 铅锌冶炼渣基胶凝材料固化电镀污泥研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(8): 2961-2974.

SHI Yaoming, LI Dongwei. Immobilization of Electroplating Sludge by Lead-Zinc Smelting Slag-Based Cementitious Material[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(8): 2961-2974.

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