市政污泥衍生功能化炭材料合成及热解过程污染控制研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 市政污泥产量巨大、出路困难,如何进行有效处理并应用是个巨大挑战。本文聚焦于污泥富碳组分,利用热化学方法将其转化为功能化炭材料作为其出路的重要途径。通过对污泥衍生功能化炭材料的合成及修饰方法和热解过程污染产物原位控制研究进行梳理发现,相较于其他方法,化学后活化法具有较强的造孔能力,其中钾系化合物效果最佳。通过污泥炭表面氧化、氨化或磺化改性可强化材料物化吸附和特异性催化特性,拓展了材料应用范围。污泥炭-纳米结构表面复合则可赋予材料多重性能,提升纳米材料稳定性和分散性。基于对污泥典型元素热化学转化分析,理清了硫氧化物和氮氧化物等的产生路径,发现金属氧化物共混热解和热源优化可显著抑制污染产物的排放。

关键词: 市政污泥, 热解, 造孔方法, 表面修饰, 热解产物, 污染控制

Abstract: As the process by-product generated from the wastewater treatment plant, excess municipal sludge has turned into a special challenge in the global environment, due to its huge output and potential biochemical contamination. Utilizing sludge as carbon rich precursor and converting it into functional carbon materials by thermochemical method may be a promising way for the disposal and re-utilization of sludge. Through the systematic investigation of the synthesis and modification of sludge-derived carbon functional materials and the in-situ pollution control during the pyrolysis, it was found that the postchemical activation method has a stronger pore-forming ability compared with other methods, and the potassium compounds possess superior activation effect. The physical and chemical adsorption and specific catalytic properties of the sludge carbon materials can be strengthened by surface oxidation, ammoniation or sulfonation process, thus being favorable to expand the material application scope. Sludge carbon-nanostructure composite can endow the material multiple characteristics and improve the stability and dispersion of the nanostructure. Based on the discussion of thermochemical transformation of typical elements in sludge, the production path of sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide is clarified, and meanwhile it is found that the metal oxide blending pyrolysis and heat source optimization can significantly inhibit the emission of pollutants.

Key words: municipal sludge, pyrolysis, pore-forming method, surface modification, pyrolysis product, pollution control

中图分类号:

X705

袁志航, 楼紫阳. 市政污泥衍生功能化炭材料合成及热解过程污染控制研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(5): 1520-1528.

YUAN Zhihang, LOU Ziyang. Research Progress on Synthesis of Municipal Sludge-Derived Functional Carbon Materials and Pollution Control During Pyrolysis[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2021, 40(5): 1520-1528.

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