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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1727-1740.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.1118

• 陶瓷 • 上一篇    下一篇

陶瓷基复合材料的激光烧蚀行为及发展趋势

张蕴哲1(), 陈敏孙2(), 王洪磊1(), 周新贵1, 余金山1   

  1. 1.国防科技大学空天科学学院新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙 410073
    2.国防科技大学前沿交叉学科学院,长沙 410073
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-13 修订日期:2025-12-26 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 通信作者: 王洪磊,博士,副教授。E-mail:hongleiwang@163.com
    陈敏孙,博士,副研究员。E-mail:chenminsun@163.com
  • 作者简介:张蕴哲(2002—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事陶瓷复合材料的研究。E-mail:1656985072@qq.com

Laser Ablation Behavior and Development Trend of Ceramic Matrix Composites

ZHANG Yunzhe1(), CHEN Minsun2(), WANG Honglei1(), ZHOU Xingui1, YU Jinshan1   

  1. 1.Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory,College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China
    2.College of Frontier Interdisciplinary Sciences,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China
  • Received:2025-11-13 Revised:2025-12-26 Published:2026-05-15 Online:2026-06-10

摘要:

随着高能激光技术在军事和工业领域的广泛应用,陶瓷基复合材料的激光烧蚀行为与防护机制已成为前沿研究的热点。本文系统综述了陶瓷及陶瓷基复合材料在激光辐照下的烧蚀机理、动态响应行为及抗烧蚀防护策略。对激光与材料相互作用的基本物理过程进行阐述,包括光子-电子耦合、能量吸收与热传导机制,分析了激光功率、波长、脉冲模式等参数对烧蚀形貌与热影响区演化的影响。在此基础上,进一步总结了典型碳化物(如C/SiC、SiCf/SiC)、氧化物(如Al2O3/Al2O3)和氮化物(如Si3N4、AlN)基复合材料在不同激光条件下的烧蚀行为,其中包括材料去除机制、氧化动力学、相变过程及微观结构演变等,并论述了超音速气流、环境气氛等外部因素对烧蚀过程的影响。在防护方面,系统论述了反射型、烧蚀型、隔热型及复合型防护涂层的设计理念、性能优势与研究进展,涵盖了高反射陶瓷改性、多层结构设计、高熵陶瓷及仿生梯度材料等新型防护体系的开发与应用潜力,为高性能抗激光烧蚀材料的研究与工程应用提供了理论依据与技术路径。

关键词: 陶瓷基复合材料, 高能激光武器, 激光烧蚀行为, 抗激光防护, 微观结构演化

Abstract:

With the extensive application of high-energy laser technology in military and industrial fields, the laser ablation behavior and protection mechanisms of ceramic matrix composites have become a hot topic in cutting-edge research. This paper systematically reviews the ablation mechanism, dynamic response behavior, and anti-ablation protection strategies of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites under laser irradiation. Firstly, the basic physical processes of laser-material interaction are elaborated, including photon-electron coupling, energy absorption, and heat conduction mechanisms, and the influences of parameters such as laser power, wavelength, and pulse mode on the ablation morphology and evolution of the heat-affected zone are analyzed. On this basis, the ablation behaviors of typical carbide (such as C/SiC, SiCf/SiC), oxide (such as Al2O3/Al2O3), and nitride (such as Si3N4, AlN) matrix composites under different laser conditions are further summarized, including material removal mechanisms, oxidation kinetics, phase transformation processes, and microstructure evolution, and the influences of external factors such as supersonic gas flow and environmental atmosphere on the ablation process are discussed. In terms of protection, the design concepts, performance advantages, and research progress of reflective, ablation-resistant, thermal insulation, and composite protective coatings are systematically discussed, covering the development and application potential of new protective systems such as high-reflection ceramic modification, multi-layer structure design, high-entropy ceramics, and biomimetic gradient materials, providing theoretical basis and technical paths for the research and engineering application of high-performance laser ablation-resistant materials.

Key words: ceramic matrix composite, high-energy laser weapon, laser ablation behavior, anti-laser protection, microstructure evolution

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