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硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 449-460.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0883

• 水泥混凝土 • 上一篇    下一篇

水压下氯离子在混凝土细观结构中传输机制数值模拟研究

虞爱平1,2(), 李正康1,2, 程梓宸1,2, 杨聿涵1,2, 刘咏琪1,2, 陈宣东1,2()   

  1. 1.广西绿色建材与建筑工业化重点实验室,桂林 541004
    2.桂林理工大学土木工程学院,桂林 541004
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-28 修订日期:2025-10-21 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-03-09
  • 通信作者: 陈宣东,博士,副教授。E-mail:6616051@glut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:虞爱平(1981—),男,博士,教授。主要从事土木工程耐久性和工程材料的研究。E-mail:apyu@glut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12172121);广西青年科学基金(2025GXNSFBA069153);广西研究生教育创新计划(YCSW2025413)

Numerical Simulation Study of Transport Mechanism of Chloride Ions in Concrete Mesostructure under Water Pressure

YU Aiping1,2(), LI Zhengkang1,2, CHENG Zichen1,2, YANG Yuhan1,2, LIU Yongqi1,2, CHEN Xuandong1,2()   

  1. 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials and Construction Industrialization,Guilin 541004,China
    2. College of Civil Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China
  • Received:2025-08-28 Revised:2025-10-21 Published:2026-02-20 Online:2026-03-09

摘要:

在海洋环境中,水压促进了氯离子在混凝土中的传输,加速了钢筋混凝土结构的劣化。本研究构建了考虑扩散-对流耦合效应的氯离子传输理论模型,并采用有限元法实现混凝土细观尺度的数值求解,模拟了不同水压条件下氯离子在混凝土细观结构中的传输过程,研究了水压存在性、侵蚀时间及水压(简称水压)对氯离子传输行为的影响机制。研究表明:水压存在不仅促进了氯离子的传输,还改变了氯离子传输机制。当无水压时,氯离子传输机制以扩散为主;而存在水压时,传输机制由扩散主导转为扩散-对流耦合。此外,界面过渡区对氯离子传输的促进效应随水压增大而减弱,氯离子的传输具有显著的方向性。在长期暴露下,混凝土中深区域的氯离子浓度仍可借助水压效应持续累积至临界浓度;当水压从0.10 MPa增至1.00 MPa时,深层氯离子浓度呈指数增长。基于60 d测量点氯离子浓度变化,0.30 MPa水压下氯离子浓度约为0.10 MPa水压下的2.11倍,0.50 MPa水压下的3.98倍,1.00 MPa水压下的14.22倍,水压对氯离子传输的促进效应不可忽略。本研究定量揭示了水压下氯离子的传输规律,为海底隧道、水工结构等受压混凝土的耐久性设计与寿命预测提供了理论依据。

关键词: 氯离子侵蚀, 静水压力, 混凝土细观结构, 扩散-对流, 有限元法

Abstract:

In marine environment, water pressure promotes the transmission of chloride ions in concrete, accelerating the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. This study established a theoretical model of chloride ion transport considering the diffusion-convection coupling effect and implemented numerical solutions at the mesoscopic scale of concrete using the finite element method. It simulated the chloride ion transport process in the mesoscopic structure of concrete under different water pressures and investigated the influence mechanisms of water pressure existence, erosion time, and hydrostatic pressure on the chloride ion transport behavior. The research shows that the existence of water pressure not only promotes the transport of chloride ions but also changes the chloride ion transport mechanism. When there is no water pressure, the chloride ion transport mechanism is mainly diffusion, while under water pressure, the transport mechanism shifts from diffusion-dominated to diffusion-convection coupling. Moreover, the promoting effect of the interface transition zone (ITZ) on chloride ions weakens with increasing water pressure, and the chloride ion transport becomes more directional. Additionally, even after long-term exposure, the chloride ion concentration in the deep regions of concrete can continue to accumulate to the critical concentration due to the water pressure effect. More importantly, when the water pressure increases from 0.10 MPa to 1.00 MPa, the chloride ion concentration in the deep regions shows an exponential growth. Based on the chloride ion concentration changes at the 60 d measurement point, the chloride ion concentration at 0.30 MPa is approximately 2.11 times that at 0.10 MPa, about 3.98 times at 0.50 MPa, and reaches approximately 14.22 times at 1.00 MPa. The promoting effect of water pressure on chloride ion transport cannot be ignored. This study quantitatively reveals the chloride ion transport laws under water pressure, providing a theoretical basis for the durability design and life prediction of pressure-bearing concrete structures such as submarine tunnels and hydraulic structures.

Key words: chloride ion erosion, hydrostatic pressure, mesoscopic structure of concrete, diffusion-convection, finite element method

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