硅酸盐通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 449-460.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0883
虞爱平1,2(
), 李正康1,2, 程梓宸1,2, 杨聿涵1,2, 刘咏琪1,2, 陈宣东1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-08-28
修订日期:2025-10-21
出版日期:2026-02-20
发布日期:2026-03-09
通信作者:
陈宣东,博士,副教授。E-mail:6616051@glut.edu.cn作者简介:虞爱平(1981—),男,博士,教授。主要从事土木工程耐久性和工程材料的研究。E-mail:apyu@glut.edu.cn
基金资助:
YU Aiping1,2(
), LI Zhengkang1,2, CHENG Zichen1,2, YANG Yuhan1,2, LIU Yongqi1,2, CHEN Xuandong1,2(
)
Received:2025-08-28
Revised:2025-10-21
Published:2026-02-20
Online:2026-03-09
摘要:
在海洋环境中,水压促进了氯离子在混凝土中的传输,加速了钢筋混凝土结构的劣化。本研究构建了考虑扩散-对流耦合效应的氯离子传输理论模型,并采用有限元法实现混凝土细观尺度的数值求解,模拟了不同水压条件下氯离子在混凝土细观结构中的传输过程,研究了水压存在性、侵蚀时间及水压(简称水压)对氯离子传输行为的影响机制。研究表明:水压存在不仅促进了氯离子的传输,还改变了氯离子传输机制。当无水压时,氯离子传输机制以扩散为主;而存在水压时,传输机制由扩散主导转为扩散-对流耦合。此外,界面过渡区对氯离子传输的促进效应随水压增大而减弱,氯离子的传输具有显著的方向性。在长期暴露下,混凝土中深区域的氯离子浓度仍可借助水压效应持续累积至临界浓度;当水压从0.10 MPa增至1.00 MPa时,深层氯离子浓度呈指数增长。基于60 d测量点氯离子浓度变化,0.30 MPa水压下氯离子浓度约为0.10 MPa水压下的2.11倍,0.50 MPa水压下的3.98倍,1.00 MPa水压下的14.22倍,水压对氯离子传输的促进效应不可忽略。本研究定量揭示了水压下氯离子的传输规律,为海底隧道、水工结构等受压混凝土的耐久性设计与寿命预测提供了理论依据。
中图分类号:
虞爱平, 李正康, 程梓宸, 杨聿涵, 刘咏琪, 陈宣东. 水压下氯离子在混凝土细观结构中传输机制数值模拟研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2026, 45(2): 449-460.
YU Aiping, LI Zhengkang, CHENG Zichen, YANG Yuhan, LIU Yongqi, CHEN Xuandong. Numerical Simulation Study of Transport Mechanism of Chloride Ions in Concrete Mesostructure under Water Pressure[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(2): 449-460.
| Grid scheme | Diffusion depth/mm | Deviation from the finest mesh/% |
|---|---|---|
| Coarsen | 15.045 | 0.89 |
| Routine | 15.128 | 0.34 |
| Refine | 15.205 | 0.16 |
表1 不同网格划分下氯离子扩散深度对比
Table 1 Comparison of chloride ion diffusion depth under different mesh divisions
| Grid scheme | Diffusion depth/mm | Deviation from the finest mesh/% |
|---|---|---|
| Coarsen | 15.045 | 0.89 |
| Routine | 15.128 | 0.34 |
| Refine | 15.205 | 0.16 |
| Chloride ion concentration | Deviation | |
|---|---|---|
表2 不同时间步长下氯离子浓度对比
Table 2 Comparison of chloride ion concentration at different time steps
| Chloride ion concentration | Deviation | |
|---|---|---|
| Boundary chloride ion concentration/% | Chloride diffusion coefficient/(m2·s-1) | Porosity | Penetration/m2 | Pressure/MPa | Exposure time/d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 | 5.0×10-12 | 0.11 | 3.6×10-19 | 0.05/0.30 | 6/72 |
表3 模型关键参数[17-18]
Table 3 Model key parameters[17-18]
| Boundary chloride ion concentration/% | Chloride diffusion coefficient/(m2·s-1) | Porosity | Penetration/m2 | Pressure/MPa | Exposure time/d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 | 5.0×10-12 | 0.11 | 3.6×10-19 | 0.05/0.30 | 6/72 |
图4 无压和恒定水压(0.30 MPa)下氯离子浓度分布云图
Fig.4 Cloud diagrams of chloride ion concentration distribution under unpressure and constant water pressure (0.30 MPa)
图6 无压和恒定水压下(0.30 MPa)测量点氯离子浓度曲线
Fig.6 Chloride ion concentration variation curves at measurement point under unpressure and constant water pressure (0.30 MPa)
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