香蒲绒衍生多孔碳纤维的制备及电化学性能研究

doi:10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0181

硅酸盐通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 3435-3443.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2025.0181

香蒲绒衍生多孔碳纤维的制备及电化学性能研究

王超男, 李雪峰, 武新月, 余晓婷, 李嘉丽, 杨丽敏, 白利忠

山西工程技术学院材料科学与工程系,阳泉 045000

收稿日期:2025-02-20 修订日期:2025-04-11 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-19
通信作者: 白利忠,博士,副教授。E-mail:wcn435500325@126.com
作者简介:王超男(1990—),女,讲师。主要从事纳米多孔材料的制备及功能应用研究。E-mail:wangchaonan@sxit.edu.cn
基金资助:
山西省高等学校创新项目(2021L583,2022L594);阳泉市自然科学基金(2022JH050,2022JH061,2022JH062)

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Porous Carbon Fibers Derived from Cattail Fibers

WANG Chaonan, LI Xuefeng, WU Xinyue, YU Xiaoting, LI Jiali, YANG Limin, BAI Lizhong

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan 045000, China

Received:2025-02-20 Revised:2025-04-11 Published:2025-09-15 Online:2025-09-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超级电容器凭借高功率密度、快速充放电速率和长循环使用寿命等优点,已成为最具前景的储能器件之一。本文选用生物质香蒲绒作为原材料,通过高温碳化和KOH活化处理,制备出一种价格低廉且对环境友好的多孔碳纤维材料。采用XRD、SEM、Raman光谱、氮气吸脱附和电化学测试等方法,研究了不同碱碳比对多孔碳纤维材料结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。研究发现,在800 ℃碳化、碱碳比4 ∶1(质量比)、KOH活化处理条件下制备出的多孔碳纤维材料ACF-4具有最高的比表面积(1 910.4 m²·g^-1)和最大的微孔体积(0.548 cm³· g^－1)。电化学测试结果表明,ACF-4电极材料在电流密度0.05和5 A·g^－1时,比电容分别为254.9和156.0 F·g^－1,在电流密度为1 A·g^－1下循环10 000次后,容量保持率高达98.1%。

关键词: 香蒲绒, 多孔碳纤维, 超级电容器, 碱碳比, 比电容, 循环稳定性

Abstract: Supercapacitors have become one of the most promising energy storage devices due to their high power density, rapid charge and discharge speed and long cycle life. In this paper, low-cost and environmentally friendly porous carbon fibers have been successfully designed and synthesized from the high temperature carbonization and KOH activation of the natural cattail fibers. The structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of porous carbon fibers were characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption desorption and electrochemical measurements. The alkali-carbon ratio can significantly affect the structures and properties of porous carbon fibers. The porous carbon fibers ACF-4, which are prepared under carbonization at 800 ℃ and alkali-carbon ratio of 4 ∶1 (mass ratio), have the highest specific surface area of 1 910.4 m²·g^-1 and the largest micropore volume of 0.548 cm³·g^-1. The ACF-4 exhibits a high specific capacitance of 254.9 and 156.0 F·g^-1 at a current density of 0.05 and 5 A·g^-1, respectively. After 10 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g^-1, the ACF-4 displays an outstanding cycling stability of 98.1% capacitance retention.

Key words: cattail fiber, porous carbon fiber, supercapacitor, alkali-carbon ratio, specific capacity, cycling stability

中图分类号:

O646

王超男, 李雪峰, 武新月, 余晓婷, 李嘉丽, 杨丽敏, 白利忠. 香蒲绒衍生多孔碳纤维的制备及电化学性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2025, 44(9): 3435-3443.

WANG Chaonan, LI Xuefeng, WU Xinyue, YU Xiaoting, LI Jiali, YANG Limin, BAI Lizhong. Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Porous Carbon Fibers Derived from Cattail Fibers[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2025, 44(9): 3435-3443.

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香蒲绒衍生多孔碳纤维的制备及电化学性能研究

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Porous Carbon Fibers Derived from Cattail Fibers

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