复合助熔剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融温度与物相的影响

硅酸盐通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 2206-2216.

复合助熔剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融温度与物相的影响

逯凡杰¹, 李长成², 叶家元¹, 刘啟明³

1.中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司,北京 100024;
2.建筑材料工业技术监督研究中心,北京 100024;
3.浙江合力海科新材料股份有限公司,金华 321100

收稿日期:2023-11-24 修订日期:2024-02-11 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-18
通信作者: 李长成,博士,教授级高级工程师。E-mail:cbmali@126.com
作者简介:逯凡杰(1999—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事固废资源化利用的研究。E-mail:2503681876@qq.com
基金资助:
中国建材集团攻关专项资助(2021YCJS01-2);“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2023C04033);绿色建筑材料国家重点实验室预研项目(ZA-59)

Effect of Composite Fluxing Agent on Melting Temperature and Phase of Fly Ash from Waste Incineration

LU Fanjie¹, LI Changcheng², YE Jiayuan¹, LIU Qiming³

1. China Building Materials Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100024, China;
2. Technical Supervision & Research Center for China Building Materials Industry, Beijing 100024, China;
3. Zhejiang Helihaike New Material Co., Ltd., Jinhua 321100, China

Received:2023-11-24 Revised:2024-02-11 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高温熔融玻璃化是危险废物垃圾焚烧飞灰最安全的无害化处置技术。以高钙飞灰为研究对象,引入SiO₂、H₃BO₃和CaF₂助熔剂进行飞灰低温熔融处置,采用X射线衍射仪、灰熔点测定仪及电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪表征飞灰熔融温度、物相变化及重金属浸出。结果表明,利用SiO₂(27.9%,质量分数)将飞灰碱度调整至1.10时,形成低熔点的CaSiO₃矿物,飞灰熔点由1 400 ℃以上降至1 300 ℃。引入H₃BO₃(4.5%,质量分数)、CaF₂(7.0%,质量分数)作为助熔剂时,可进一步将熔融温度降至1 200 ℃,但导致SiO₂超掺;经优化,复合助熔剂配方为SiO₂(20.0%,质量分数)、H₃BO₃(4.5%,质量分数)与CaF₂(7.0%,质量分数)时,飞灰最低熔融温度为1 124 ℃,熔融产物玻璃体含量达到87%(质量分数),酸浸出有害物质低于限值,满足GB/T 41015—2021标准对玻璃化处理产物的技术要求。

关键词: 垃圾焚烧飞灰, 助熔剂, 低温熔融, 碱度, 玻璃体含量

Abstract: High temperature melting vitrification is the safest and harmless disposal technology for fly ash from hazardous waste incineration. Fly ash with high calcium content was used as the research object to melt fly ash with low temperature by introducing SiO₂, H₃BO₃ and CaF₂ fluxing agents. The melting temperature, phase change and heavy metal leaching of fly ash were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, ash melting point analyzer and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The results show that when the alkalinity of fly ash is adjusted to 1.10 by SiO₂ (27.9%, mass fraction), CaSiO₃ minerals with low melting point are formed, and the melting point of fly ash decreases from above 1 400 ℃ to 1 300 ℃. H₃BO₃ (4.5%, mass fraction) and CaF₂ (7.0%, mass fraction) are introduced as fluxing agents, and the melting temperature is further reduced to 1 200 ℃, but SiO₂ is overdoped. After optimization, the composite fluxing agent formula is SiO₂ (20.0%, mass fraction), H₃BO₃ (4.5%, mass fraction) and CaF₂ (7.0%, mass fraction), and the minimum melting temperature of fly ash is 1 124 ℃, the vitreous content of the melt product reaches 87% (mass fraction), and the harmful substances of acid leaching are lower than the limit value, meeting the technical requirements of GB/T 41015—2021 standard for vitrification products.

Key words: waste incineration fly ash, fluxing agent, low-temperature melting, alkalinity, vitreous content

中图分类号:

X705

逯凡杰, 李长成, 叶家元, 刘啟明. 复合助熔剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融温度与物相的影响[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(6): 2206-2216.

LU Fanjie, LI Changcheng, YE Jiayuan, LIU Qiming. Effect of Composite Fluxing Agent on Melting Temperature and Phase of Fly Ash from Waste Incineration[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(6): 2206-2216.

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