超硫酸盐水泥基材料耐化学侵蚀特性综述

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 超硫酸盐水泥是一种绿色、低碳胶凝材料,具有低能耗、低水化热以及高抗化学侵蚀性能等优点。本文主要介绍了超硫酸盐水泥的组分、早期水化特性、力学性能和耐化学侵蚀特性等。通过与硅酸盐水泥基材料对比,重点评述了超硫酸盐水泥基材料的耐化学侵蚀劣化特性,包括溶出性侵蚀、一般酸性侵蚀和硫酸盐侵蚀,在此基础上进一步总结了超硫酸盐水泥基材料的侵蚀劣化机理,为超硫酸盐水泥基材料在不同环境中的工程应用提供理论指导。

关键词: 超硫酸盐水泥, 水化特性, 化学侵蚀, 劣化机理

Abstract: Supersulfated cement (SSC) is a kind of green and low-carbon cementitious material, which has the advantages of low energy consumption, less heat release from hydration and high resistance to chemical attack. This paper mainly introduces the composition, early hydration properties, mechanical properties and chemical attack resistance of SSC. By comparing with Portland cement-based materials, it focuses on the chemical attack deterioration characteristics of SSC, including leaching, general acid attack and sulfate attack. On this basis, the chemical attack deterioration mechanism of SSC is further summarized. It provides theoretical guidance for the engineering application of SSC in different environments.

Key words: supersulfated cement, hydration property, chemical attack, deterioration mechanism

中图分类号:

TU528

常硕, 王露, 李新宇, 李茂森, 刘数华. 超硫酸盐水泥基材料耐化学侵蚀特性综述[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2024, 43(12): 4271-4284.

CHANG Shuo, WANG Lu, LI Xinyu, LI Maosen, LIU Shuhua. A Review of Chemical Attack Resistance of Supersulfated Cement-Based Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2024, 43(12): 4271-4284.

参考文献

[1] 中国建筑材料联合会. 中国建筑材料工业碳排放报告(2020年度)[J]. 建筑, 2021(8): 21-23.
China Building Materials Federation. Carbon emission report of China building materials industry (2020)[J]. Construction and Architecture, 2021(8): 21-23 (in Chinese).
[2] SCRIVENER K L, JOHN V M, GARTNER E M. Eco-efficient cements: potential economically viable solutions for a low-CO₂ cement-based materials industry[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2018, 114: 2-26.
[3] ISHAK S A, HASHIM H. Low carbon measures for cement plant: a review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 103: 260-274.
[4] 聂松, 周健, 徐名凤, 等. 低碳胶凝材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(2): 60-68.
NIE S, ZHOU J, XU M F, et al. Research progress of low-carbon binders[J]. Materials Reports, 2024, 38(2): 60-68 (in Chinese).
[5] 王露, 涂拥军, 高富豪, 等. 改性磷石膏对超硫酸盐水泥水化特性的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(14): 142-147.
WANG L, TU Y J, GAO F H, et al. Effect of modified phosphogypsum on hydration characteristics of supersulfated cement[J]. Materials Reports, 2024, 38(14): 142-147 (in Chinese).
[6] 韩宇栋, 张君, 高原. 混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀研究评述[J]. 混凝土, 2011(1): 52-56+61.
HAN Y D, ZHANG J, GAO Y. Review of sulfate attack on concrete[J]. Concrete, 2011(1): 52-56+61 (in Chinese).
[7] 胡宁宁. 含石灰石粉水泥基材料在复合侵蚀下的劣化机制[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2015: 7.
HU N N. Degradation mechanisms of cement-based materials containing limestone powder under complex erosion[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2015: 7 (in Chinese).
[8] BAE S H, PARK J I, LEE K M. Influence of mineral admixtures on the resistance to sulfuric acid and sulfate attack in concrete[J]. Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute, 2010, 22(2): 219-228.
[9] 彭艳周, 丁庆军, 胡曙光. 硫铝酸盐水泥早强微膨胀钢管混凝土的制备[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2008, 11(6): 636-641.
PENG Y Z, DING Q J, HU S G. Preparation of steel tube-confined concrete with high early-strength and micro expansion by using sulphoaluminate cement[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2008, 11(6): 636-641 (in Chinese).
[10] 陆建鑫, 水中和, 田素芳, 等. 超硫酸盐水泥与波特兰水泥混凝土显微结构与性能的比较研究[J]. 武汉理工大学学报, 2013, 35(5): 1-7.
LU J X, SHUI Z H, TIAN S F, et al. Investigation of the microstructure and property for supersulphated cement concrete and the Portland cement concrete[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2013, 35(5): 1-7 (in Chinese).
[11] MATSCHEI T, BELLMANN F, STARK J. Hydration behaviour of sulphate-activated slag cements[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 2005, 17(4): 167-178.
[12] PINTO S R, ANGULSKI DA LUZ C, MUNHOZ G S, et al. Durability of phosphogypsum-based supersulfated cement mortar against external attack by sodium and magnesium sulfate[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2020, 136: 106172.
[13] 许长红, 王露, 刘数华. 一种超低水化热水泥: 超硫酸盐水泥[J]. 混凝土世界, 2017(10): 38-42.
XU C H, WANG L, LIU S H. Ultra-low hydration heat cement-super sulfate cement[J]. China Concrete, 2017(10): 38-42 (in Chinese).
[14] WU Q Y, XUE Q Z, YU Z Q. Research status of super sulfate cement[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 294: 126228.
[15] GROUNDS T, NOWELL D V, WILBURN F W. Resistance of supersulfated cement to strong sulfate solutions[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2003, 72(1): 181-190.
[16] 方佩佩, 刘数华. 改性磷石膏基超硫酸盐水泥研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2019, 38(8): 2430-2434+2441.
FANG P P, LIU S H. Research progress of modified phosphogypsum-based supersulfated cement[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(8): 2430-2434+2441 (in Chinese).
[17] 赵青林, 周明凯, FISCHER H-B, 等. 超硫酸盐水泥在德国的研究与应用[J]. 新世纪水泥导报, 2008, 14(6): 5-10.
ZHAO Q L, ZHOU M K, FISCHER H-B, et al. Research and application of supersulphated cement in Germany[J]. Cement Guide for New Epoch, 2008, 14(6): 5-10 (in Chinese).
[18] RUBERT S, ANGULSKI DA LUZ C, VARELA M V F, et al. Hydration mechanisms of supersulfated cement[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018, 134(2): 971-980.
[19] 刘数华, 王露, 余保英. 超硫酸盐水泥的水化机理及工程应用综述[J]. 混凝土世界, 2018(10): 46-51.
LIU S H, WANG L, YU B Y. Summary of hydration mechanism and engineering application of supersulfate cement[J]. China Concrete, 2018(10): 46-51 (in Chinese).
[20] 王露, 刘数华. 钙矾石相的研究综述[J]. 混凝土, 2013(8): 83-86+90.
WANG L, LIU S H. Research review on ettringite phase[J]. Concrete, 2013(8): 83-86+90 (in Chinese).
[21] 余保英, 高育欣, 王军. 含不同石膏种类的超硫酸盐水泥的水化行为[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2014, 17(6): 965-971.
YU B Y, GAO Y X, WANG J. Hydration behavior of super sulphated cement with different types of gypsum[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2014, 17(6): 965-971 (in Chinese).
[22] LIAO Y S, YAO J X, DENG F, et al. Hydration behavior and strength development of supersulfated cement prepared by calcined phosphogypsum and slaked lime[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2023, 80: 108075.
[23] WANG Q, SUN S K, YAO G, et al. Preparation and characterization of an alkali-activated cementitious material with blast-furnace slag, soda sludge, and industrial gypsum[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 340: 127735.
[24] WANG S, WU J, WU X, et al. , The use of supersulfated cement(SSC) in mass concrete, International Symposium on Materials Application and Engineering (SMAE), Chiang Mai, THAILAND, 2016.
[25] 高育欣, 王淑, 吴雄, 等. 改性超硫酸盐水泥在大体积混凝土中的应用研究[J]. 混凝土与水泥制品, 2015(7): 11-14.
GAO Y X, WANG S, WU X, et al. Application study on modified supersulfated cement in mass concrete[J]. China Concrete and Cement Products, 2015(7): 11-14 (in Chinese).
[26] LIU S H, WANG L. Investigation on strength and pore structure of supersulfated cement paste[J]. Materials Science, 2018, 24(3): 319-326.
[27] 王露. 超硫酸盐水泥水化特性研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2015.
WANG L. Study on hydration characteristics of supersulfated cement[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2015 (in Chinese).
[28] 成希弼, 缪纪生. 石膏矿渣水泥强度发展的研究[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 1962(4): 175-189.
CHENG S B, MIU J S. Study on strength development of gypsum slag cement[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 1962(4): 175-189 (in Chinese).
[29] 刘仁越, 王珊, 张同生, 等. 消石灰、无水石膏与石灰石粉对矿渣水泥性能的影响[J]. 水泥, 2009(8): 4-6.
LIU R Y, WANG S, ZHANG T S, et al. Effect of hydrated lime, anhydrite and limestone powder on performance of slag cement[J]. Cement, 2009(8): 4-6 (in Chinese).
[30] 孙正宁, 周健, 慕儒, 等. 新型超硫酸盐水泥水化硬化机理[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2019, 38(8): 2362-2368.
SUN Z N, ZHOU J, MU R, et al. Hydration and hardening mechanisms of newly developed supersulfated cement[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(8): 2362-2368 (in Chinese).
[31] ERDEM E, ÖLMEZ H. The mechanical properties of supersulphated cement containing phosphogypsum[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1993, 23(1): 115-121.
[32] 陈宇, 季军荣, 周洲, 等. 超硫酸盐水泥早期强度影响因素及提高途径[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(5): 1413-1419.
CHEN Y, JI J R, ZHOU Z, et al. Influencing factors and enhancement methods of early strength of supersulfated cement[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2021, 40(5): 1413-1419 (in Chinese).
[33] SAJEDI F, RAZAK H A. The effect of chemical activators on early strength of ordinary Portland cement-slag mortars[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2010, 24(10): 1944-1951.
[34] 郭玉萍, 王海波, 牛全林. 超硫酸盐水泥的组成、制备及性能[J]. 工程质量, 2016, 34(11): 66-68.
GUO Y P, WANG H B, NIU Q L. Composition, preparation and properties of supersulfated cement[J]. Construction Quality, 2016, 34(11): 66-68 (in Chinese).
[35] MASOUDI R, HOOTON R D. Examining the hydration mechanism of supersulfated cements made with high and low-alumina slags[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2019, 103: 193-203.
[36] MANMOHAN D, MEHTA P K. Influence of pozzolanic, slag, and chemical admixtures on pore size distribution and permeability of hardened cement pastes[J]. Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, 1981, 3(1): 63-67.
[37] CHOI Y C, KIM J, CHOI S. Mercury intrusion porosimetry characterization of micropore structures of high-strength cement pastes incorporating high volume ground granulated blast-furnace slag[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 137: 96-103.
[38] 高育欣, 余保英, 王军. 超硫酸盐水泥的水化产物及孔结构特性[J]. 土木建筑与环境工程, 2014, 36(3): 118-122.
GAO Y X, YU B Y, WANG J. Characteristics of hydration products and pore structure of super sulphated cement[J]. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014, 36(3): 118-122 (in Chinese).
[39] 孙宇飞, 张勇, 纪光磊, 等. 水泥基材料溶出性侵蚀特性研究[J]. 水力发电, 2018, 44(1): 110-113.
SUN Y F, ZHANG Y, JI G L, et al. Study on dissolved erosion characteristic of cement based materials[J]. Water Power, 2018, 44(1): 110-113 (in Chinese).
[40] LIN W T, CHENG A, HUANG R, et al. Effect of calcium leaching on the properties of cement-based composites[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater Sci Ed, 2011, 26(5): 990-997.
[41] ZHENG L F, WANG J J, LI K F, et al. Advances in the experiments of leaching in cement-based materials and dissolution in rocks[J]. Materials, 2023, 16(24): 7697.
[42] JIN M, MA Y F, LI W W, et al. Degradation of C-S-H(I) at different decalcification degrees[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2022, 57(41): 19260-19279.
[43] HUANG B, QIAN C X. Experiment study of chemo-mechanical coupling behavior of leached concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2011, 25(5): 2649-2654.
[44] ZHANG W B, SHI D D, SHEN Z Z, et al. Effect of calcium leaching on the fracture properties of concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2023, 365: 130018.
[45] 孙国文, 孙伟, 张云升, 等. 硅酸盐水泥水化产物体积分数定量计算[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 41(3): 606-610.
SUN G W, SUN W, ZHANG Y S, et al. Quantitative calculation on volume fraction of hydrated products in Portland cement[J]. Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 41(3): 606-610 (in Chinese).
[46] 邓中正, 杨华全, 李响, 等. 水泥基材料的溶蚀劣化研究进展与评述[J]. 人民长江, 2016, 47(18): 101-105.
DENG Z Z, YANG H Q, LI X, et al. Research progress and review on corrosion and degradation of cement-based materials[J]. Yangtze River, 2016, 47(18): 101-105 (in Chinese).
[47] PINTO S R, DA LUZ C A, MUNHOZ G S, et al. Resistance of phosphogypsum-based supersulfated cement to carbonation and chloride ingress[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 263: 120640.
[48] 李丽华, 刘数华. 石灰石粉对水泥石抗酸性侵蚀机理的影响研究[J]. 人民长江, 2014, 45(12): 77-80.
LI L H, LIU S H. Study on influence of limestone powder on acid resistance mechanism of cement paste[J]. Yangtze River, 2014, 45(12): 77-80 (in Chinese).
[49] WANG A G, ZHENG Y, ZHANG Z H, et al. The durability of alkali-activated materials in comparison with ordinary Portland cements and concretes: a review[J]. Engineering, 2020, 6(6): 695-706.
[50] 唐咸燕, 肖佳, 陈烽. 酸沉降对混凝土耐久性的影响及研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2006, 20(10): 97-101.
TANG X Y, XIAO J, CHEN F. Effect and research progress of acid deposition on concrete durability[J]. Materials Reports, 2006, 20(10): 97-101 (in Chinese).
[51] MARCOS-MESON V, FISCHER G, EDVARDSEN C, et al. Durability of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) exposed to acid attack: a literature review[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 200: 490-501.
[52] 齐秋霖, 周健, 葛仲熙, 等. 硫铝酸盐水泥抗酸侵蚀性能与机理研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(8): 2508-2514+2533.
QI Q L, ZHOU J, GE Z X, et al. Performance and resistance mechanism of calcium sulfoaluminate cement subjected to acids[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2021, 40(8): 2508-2514+2533 (in Chinese).
[53] GABRISOVÁ A, HAVLICA J, SAHU S. Stability of calcium sulphoaluminate hydrates in water solutions with various pH values[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1991, 21(6): 1023-1027.
[54] MOCKBИH B M. 混凝土和钢筋混凝土的腐蚀及其防护方法[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 1988.
MOCKBИH B M. Corrosion and protection methods of concrete and reinforced concrete[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 1988 (in Chinese).
[55] YANG Y, JI T, LIN X J, et al. Biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion resistance of new artificial reef concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 158: 33-41.
[56] PEYRONNARD O, BENZAAZOUA M, BLANC D, et al. Study of mineralogy and leaching behavior of stabilized/solidified sludge using differential acid neutralization analysis[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2009, 39(7): 600-609.
[57] REVERTEGAT E, RICHET C, GÉGOUT P. Effect of pH on the durability of cement pastes[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1992, 22(2/3): 259-272.
[58] REARDON E J. An ion interaction model for the determination of chemical equilibria in cement/water systems[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1990, 20(2): 175-192.
[59] CAMILLERI J. Characterization of modified calcium-silicate cements exposed to acidic environment[J]. Materials Characterization, 2011, 62(1): 70-75.
[60] MORANVILLE M, KAMALI S, GUILLON E. Physicochemical equilibria of cement-based materials in aggressive environments—experiment and modeling[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004, 34(9): 1569-1578.
[61] MUTHU M, YANG E H, UNLUER C. Resistance of graphene oxide-modified cement pastes to hydrochloric acid attack[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 273: 121990.
[62] ZIVICA V, PALOU M T, KRIZMA M, et al. Acidic attack of cement based materials under the common action of high, ambient temperature and pressure[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2012, 36: 623-629.
[63] GUTBERLET T, HILBIG H, BEDDOE R E. Acid attack on hydrated cement—effect of mineral acids on the degradation process[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2015, 74: 35-43.
[64] MASOUDI R, HOOTON R D. Influence of alkali lactates on hydration of supersulfated cement[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 239: 117844.
[65] 彭家惠, 楼宗汉. 钙矾石形成机理的研究[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2000, 28(6): 511-515.
PENG J H, LOU Z H. Study on the mechanism of ettringite formation[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2000, 28(6): 511-515 (in Chinese).
[66] 高富豪, 王露, 刘数华. 超硫酸盐水泥净浆的酸性侵蚀劣化机制[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2022, 41(8): 2618-2627.
GAO F H, WANG L, LIU S H. Deterioration mechanism of supersulfated cement paste by acid erosion[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2022, 41(8): 2618-2627 (in Chinese).
[67] 邓德华, 刘赞群, SCHUTTER G D, 等. 关于“混凝土硫酸盐结晶破坏”理论的研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2012, 40(2): 175-185.
DENG D H, LIU Z Q, SCHUTTER G D, et al. Research progress on theory of “sulfate salt weathering on concrete”[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2012, 40(2): 175-185 (in Chinese).
[68] MAES M, DE BELIE N. Resistance of concrete and mortar against combined attack of chloride and sodium sulphate[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2014, 53: 59-72.
[69] GU Y S, MARTIN R P, METALSSI O O, et al. Pore size analyses of cement paste exposed to external sulfate attack and delayed ettringite formation[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2019, 123: 105766.
[70] ZHANG Z Y, ZHOU J T, YANG J, et al. Understanding of the deterioration characteristic of concrete exposed to external sulfate attack: insight into mesoscopic pore structures[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 260: 119932.
[71] HAUFE J, VOLLPRACHT A. Tensile strength of concrete exposed to sulfate attack[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2019, 116: 81-88.
[72] IRBE L, BEDDOE R E, HEINZ D. The role of aluminium in C-A-S-H during sulfate attack on concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2019, 116: 71-80.
[73] 金雁南, 周双喜. 混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀的类型及作用机理[J]. 华东交通大学学报, 2006, 23(5): 4-8.
JIN Y N, ZHOU S X. Types and mechanism of concrete sulfate attack[J]. Journal of East China Jiaotong University, 2006, 23(5): 4-8 (in Chinese).
[74] BICZÓK I. Concrete corrosion and concrete protection[M]. New York: Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1967.
[75] YU C, SUN W, SCRIVENER K. Mechanism of expansion of mortars immersed in sodium sulfate solutions[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2013, 43: 105-111.
[76] JAIN N, GARG M. Formulation of sulphate resistant super sulphated cement using fluorogypsum and granulated blast furnace slag[J]. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2015, 12(3): 153-159.
[77] 席耀忠. 近年来水泥化学的新进展——记第九届国际水泥化学会议[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 1993(6): 577-588.
XI Y Z. New progress in cement chemistry in recent years—the 9th International Cement Chemistry Conference[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 1993(6): 577-588 (in Chinese).
[78] ZHANG G Z, WU C, HOU D S, et al. Effect of environmental pH values on phase composition and microstructure of Portland cement paste under sulfate attack[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2021, 216: 108862.
[79] 程星星. 硫酸盐侵蚀下石膏的形成对水泥基材料性能的影响[D]. 合肥: 安徽建筑大学, 2019.
CHENG X X. Effect of gypsum formation on properties of cement-based materials under sulfate attack[D]. Hefei: Anhui Jianzhu University, 2019 (in Chinese).
[80] CHANG S, GAO F H, WANG L, et al. Deterioration mechanism of supersulfated cement paste exposed to sulfate attack and combined acid-sulfate attack[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2024, 414: 134978.
[81] WANG L, GAO Z Y, GAO F H, et al. Comparing study on the evolution characteristics of performance and microstructure between Portland slag cement and supersulfated cement under chemical attacks[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2024, 425: 135969.
[82] 严海彬. 水泥混凝土TSA侵蚀影响因素研究[J]. 四川建材, 2009, 35(4): 2-4.
YAN H B. Research on influence factor of the thaumasite form of sulfate attack on cement concrete[J]. Sichuan Building Materials, 2009, 35(4): 2-4 (in Chinese).
[83] SHI C J, WANG D H, BEHNOOD A. Review of thaumasite sulfate attack on cement mortar and concrete[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2012, 24(12): 1450-1460.
[84] HARTSHORN S A, SHARP J H, SWAMY R N. The thaumasite form of sulfate attack in Portland-limestone cement mortars stored in magnesium sulfate solution[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2002, 24(3/4): 351-359.
[85] RAHMAN M M, BASSUONI M T. Thaumasite sulfate attack on concrete: mechanisms, influential factors and mitigation[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 73: 652-662.
[86] BENSTED J. Thaumasite-direct, woodfordite and other possible formation routes[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2003, 25(8): 873-877.
[87] 邓德华, 肖佳, 元强, 等. 水泥基材料中的碳硫硅钙石[J]. 建筑材料学报, 2005, 8(4): 400-409.
DENG D H, XIAO J, YUAN Q, et al. On thaumasite in cementitious materials[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2005, 8(4): 400-409 (in Chinese).
[88] 高小建, 马保国, 邓红卫. 胶凝材料组成对混凝土TSA硫酸盐侵蚀的影响[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2007, 39(10): 1554-1558.
GAO X J, MA B G, DENG H W. Influence of binder composition on the thaumasite form of sulfate attack of concrete[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007, 39(10): 1554-1558 (in Chinese).
[89] 吴萌, 张云升, 刘志勇, 等. 水泥基材料碳硫硅钙石型硫酸盐侵蚀的研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2022, 50(8): 2270-2283.
WU M, ZHANG Y S, LIU Z Y, et al. Research progress on thaumasite form of sulfate attack in cement-based materials[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2022, 50(8): 2270-2283 (in Chinese).
[90] 付浩兵. 水泥基材料抗TSA侵蚀性能及机理的研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉理工大学, 2014.
FU H B. Study on TSA corrosion resistance and mechanism of cement-based materials[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2014 (in Chinese).
[91] 陈达, 俞小彤, 廖迎娣, 等. 混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀研究进展[J]. 重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 35(2): 24-30.
CHEN D, YU X T, LIAO Y D, et al. Progress of study on sulfate attack on concrete materials[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 2016, 35(2): 24-30 (in Chinese).
[92] 梁咏宁, 袁迎曙. 硫酸盐侵蚀环境因素对混凝土性能退化的影响[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2005, 34(4): 452-457.
LIANG Y N, YUAN Y S. Effects of environmental factors of sulfate attack on deterioration of concrete mechanical behavior[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2005, 34(4): 452-457 (in Chinese).
[93] 吴福飞, 侍克斌, 董双快, 等. 硫酸盐镁盐复合侵蚀后混凝土的微观形貌特征[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(9): 140-146.
WU F F, SHI K B, DONG S K, et al. Microstructure characteristics of concrete after erosion of magnesium salts and sulfates[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(9): 140-146 (in Chinese).
[94] WU M, ZHANG Y S, JI Y S, et al. A comparable study on the deterioration of limestone powder blended cement under sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate attack at a low temperature[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 243: 118279.
[95] DEHWAH H A F. Effect of sulfate concentration and associated cation type on concrete deterioration and morphological changes in cement hydrates[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2007, 21(1): 29-39.
[96] BELLMANN F, MÖSER B, STARK J. Influence of sulfate solution concentration on the formation of gypsum in sulfate resistance test specimen[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2006, 36(2): 358-363.
[97] SANTHANAM M, COHEN M D, OLEK J. Sulfate attack research—whither now?[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2001, 31(6): 845-851.
[98] 高富豪. 超硫酸盐水泥基材料在化学侵蚀条件下的劣化特性[D]. 武汉: 武汉大学, 2023: 55.
GAO F H. Degradation mechanism of supersulfated cement-based material in chemical attack[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2023: 55 (in Chinese).
[99] TRENTIN P O, MAGRO I C, SOUZA L R M N, et al. Influence of content and source of calcium sulfate on supersulfated cement exposed to sodium and magnesium sulfate attack at later ages[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2023, 35(1): 253071791.
[100] CERULLI T, PISTOLESI C, MALTESE C, et al. Durability of traditional plasters with respect to blast furnace slag-based plaster[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2003, 33(9): 1375-1383.
[101] 高育欣, 余保英, 徐芬莲, 等. 超硫酸盐水泥在国内外的研究与应用现状[C] //2011年混凝土与水泥制品学术讨论会, 中国江苏无锡, 2011, 7.
GAO Y X, YU B Y, XU F L, et al. Research and application of supersulphate cement(SSC) at home and abroad[C] //2011 Concrete and Cement Products Symposium, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, 2011, 7 (in Chinese).