三种典型直流特高压用氧化铝电瓷组成、结构与力学性能的对比研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电瓷材料的组成和结构是决定其性能的两个本质因素。本文系统研究了三种典型直流特高压(UHVDC)用工业氧化铝电瓷在组成、结构和力学性能方面存在的差异,并分析了原因。结果表明,与日本碍子株式会社(NGK)的瓷件相比,国内两个厂家在瓷件配方中加入了更多的煅烧工业氧化铝、更少的钾长石和石英,并且没有根据配方适当提高烧结温度,因此国内两厂家瓷件表现出如下特点:1)Al₂O₃质量含量分别为47.22%和45.24%,比NGK高7.31%和5.33%,SiO₂质量含量分别为46.32%和48.44%,比NGK低7.09%和4.97%、K₂O+Na₂O总质量分别为3.21%和3.14%,比NGK低0.41%和0.48%;2)真气孔率分别为5.24%和4.18%,比NGK低3.46%和4.52%,内部气孔以5 μm以下的小气孔为主,孔径普遍更小,存在较多扁平、细长、裂纹状的异形气孔,以及环绕颗粒周边的环状气孔和裂纹;3)内部总晶相含量分别为48.10%和49.04%,比NGK高近10%,其中刚玉相高10%,石英相高4%,莫来石相少4%,莫来石相更细更短、交联程度更低;4)瓷件头部试条三点弯曲强度平均值分别为155和158 MPa,比NGK高,但是国内两厂家瓷件的强度分散性更大。

关键词: 氧化铝, 电瓷, 直流特高压, 组成, 微观结构, 力学性能

Abstract: Composition and structure are the two most essential factors for insulator materials performance. In this paper, the differences in composition, structure and mechanical properties of three typical alumina insulator for ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) were systematically studied, and the reasons were analyzed. The results show that compared with NGK, two domestic manufacturers have added more calcined industrial alumina, less potash feldspar and quartz into the formula, and have not properly raised the sintering temperature according to the formula, the porcelains of two domestic manufacturers show the following characteristic: 1) the content of Al₂O₃ are 47.22% and 45.24%, respectively, 7.31% and 5.33% higher than that of NGK, the content of SiO₂ are 46.32% and 48.44%, respectively, 7.09% and 4.97% lower than that of NGK, and the total content of K₂O+Na₂O are 3.21% and 3.14%, respectively, 0.41% and 0.48% lower than that of NGK; 2) the true porosity are 5.24% and 4.18%, respectively, 3.46% and 4.52% lower than that of NGK. The internal pores are basically less than 5 μm, and the pore size is generally smaller. There are many flat, slender, crack like pores, as well as annular pores and cracks surrounding the particles; 3) the content of internal crystalline phase is 48.10% and 49.04%, respectively, which is nearly 10% higher than NGK, with corundum phase being 10% higher, quartz phase being 4% higher, mullite phase being 4% less. The mullite phase is thinner and shorter, and the degree of crosslinking is lower; 4) the average value of the three-point bending strength of the porcelain head test strip are 155 and 158 MPa, respectively, which are higher than NGK, but the dispersion strength of the two domestic manufacturers is higher than NGK.

Key words: alumina, insulator, UHVDC, composition, microstructure, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TQ174

袁志勇, 阎法强, 许承铭, 吴佳莉, 廖仓冬, 郑猛, 吴英豪. 三种典型直流特高压用氧化铝电瓷组成、结构与力学性能的对比研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2023, 42(6): 2206-2214.

--, 修订日期:--. Comparative Study on Composition, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Three Typical Alumina Insulator for UHVDC[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2023, 42(6): 2206-2214.

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