北京延庆和怀柔明代长城灰浆微结构剖析对比研究

硅酸盐通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 3047-3058.

北京延庆和怀柔明代长城灰浆微结构剖析对比研究

单思寒^1,2, 张瑞峰^1,2, 王琴^1,2, 朱宇华³, 齐国栋⁴

1.北京建筑大学建筑结构与环境修复功能材料北京市重点实验室,北京 100044;
2.北京建筑大学土木与交通工程学院,北京 100044;
3.北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院,北京 100044;
4.中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2022-06-10 修回日期:2022-07-24 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2022-09-27
通讯作者: 王琴,博士,副教授。E-mail:wangqin@bucea.edu.cn
作者简介:单思寒(1997—),女,硕士研究生。主要从事石灰、水泥等建筑材料的研究。E-mail:shansihan1997@163.com
基金资助:
北京市社会科学基金规划重大项目(Z21094);国家重点研发计划子课题(2019YFC1520804-1)

Structural Analysis and Comparison of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall Mortar in Beijing Yanqing and Huairou

SHAN Sihan^1,2, ZHANG Ruifeng^1,2, WANG Qin^1,2, ZHU Yuhua³, QI Guodong⁴

1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials for Building and Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;
2. School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;
3. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;
4. School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2022-06-10 Revised:2022-07-24 Online:2022-09-15 Published:2022-09-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 长城是世界文化遗产,长城灰浆是其保护修缮中的关键材料。本研究通过X射线荧光光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、热重分析、场发射扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱分析等对延庆及怀柔地区长城砌筑灰浆以及延庆长城不同部位灰浆的成分组成、晶体结构、微观形貌等进行系统剖析。结果表明,延庆和怀柔地区长城砌筑灰浆成分差异较大,怀柔灰浆中Mg、Si和有机物含量远高于延庆灰浆,这是由于怀柔灰浆石材原料中可能含有较多的菱镁矿,而且怀柔灰浆中含有少量的砂子。两地砌筑灰浆中均含有糯米,糯米使CaCO₃晶粒尺寸变小,结构更致密。同一地区不同部位和用途的灰浆组成也存在差异:灌浆灰浆与其他种类的灰浆差异较大,含有较多的砂子和石子,石缝灰浆中含有少量的细砂;路面砌筑灰浆碳化不充分,含有少量的Mg(OH)₂和Ca(OH)₂;砖砌筑、勾缝、路面砌筑灰浆中检测到糯米的存在,灌浆和石缝灰浆中未检测到糯米。本研究将为长城修复灰浆的配制提供理论依据。

关键词: 明代长城, 灰浆, 糯米, 成分, 微结构, 差异

Abstract: The Great Wall is a world cultural heritage, and mortar is the key material in its conservation and restoration. In this study, the composition, crystal structure and microscopic morphology of the Great Wall masonry mortar in Yanqing and Huairou areas and the mortar in different parts of the Great Wall of Yanqing were systematically analyzed by microscopic analysis and testing methods such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the composition of the Great Wall masonry mortar in Yanqing and Huairou areas is quite different. The content of Mg, Si and organic matter in Huairou mortar is much higher than that in Yanqing mortar. This is because Huairou mortar stone material may contain more magnesite, and Huairou mortar contains a small amount of sand. The masonry mortars in both areas contain glutinous rice, which results in a smaller crystal grain size of CaCO₃ and a denser structure. There are also differences in the composition of mortar for different parts in the same area. The grouting mortar is quite different from other types of mortar, and contains more sand and stone. And the stone joint mortar contains a small amount of fine sand. The pavement masonry mortar is not fully carbonized, and contains a small amount of Mg(OH)₂ and Ca(OH)₂. The presence of glutinous rice is detected in brick masonry, jointing, and pavement masonry mortar, but no glutinous rice is detected in grouting and stone joint mortar. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of the Great Wall repair mortar.

Key words: the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty, mortar, glutinous rice, composition, microstructure, difference

中图分类号:

TU52

单思寒, 张瑞峰, 王琴, 朱宇华, 齐国栋. 北京延庆和怀柔明代长城灰浆微结构剖析对比研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2022, 41(9): 3047-3058.

SHAN Sihan, ZHANG Ruifeng, WANG Qin, ZHU Yuhua, QI Guodong. Structural Analysis and Comparison of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall Mortar in Beijing Yanqing and Huairou[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2022, 41(9): 3047-3058.

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