铝灰的回收利用和无害化处理研究及应用进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铝灰是铝冶炼过程中产生的危险废物,铝灰中的氮化铝、氟化物、氯化物等具有易浸出的特性,加剧了对环境的污染,如何对铝灰资源化利用变成亟需解决的难题。本文阐述了不同铝灰的来源、成分及其危害,详细介绍了火法/湿法工艺对氧化铝和氮化铝、氟化物、氯化物的无害化处理及回收。通过综述铝灰无害化处理及回收利用工艺并结合实验提出了三步处理实现铝灰零废物排放的构想,即水洗预处理-铝资源湿法浸出-废渣利用,最后展望了铝灰综合利用未来的发展方向。

关键词: 资源利用, 铝灰, 火法处理, 湿法处理, 氧化铝, 氮化铝, 氟化物, 氯化物

Abstract: Aluminum dross is a hazardous waste produced in aluminum smelting process. Aluminum nitride, fluoride and chloride in aluminum dross have the characteristics of easy leaching, which aggravates the pollution to the environment, and the utilization of aluminum dross resources has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the sources, components and hazards of different aluminum dross were described, and the mineralogical properties of aluminum dross studied by previous researchers were summarized. The harmless treatment and recovery of alumina, aluminum nitride, fluoride and chloride by pyrometallurgical/hydrometallurgical process were introduced. The author summarized the harmless treatment and recycling process of aluminum dross and put forward the conception of three steps to realize zero waste discharge of aluminum dross, namely, water washing pretreatment-hydrometallurgical leaching of aluminum resources-waste utilization. Finally, the future development direction of comprehensive utilization of aluminum dross was prospected.

Key words: resource utilization, aluminum dross, pyrometallurgical treatment, hydrometallurgical treatment, alumina, aluminum nitride, fluoride, chloride

中图分类号:

TF821

魏杰, 刘战伟, 颜恒维, 杨万章, 李梦楠, 刘舒鑫. 铝灰的回收利用和无害化处理研究及应用进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2022, 41(7): 2308-2320.

WEI Jie, LIU Zhanwei, YAN Hengwei, YANG Wanzhang, LI Mengnan, LIU Shuxin. Research and Application Progress on Aluminum Dross Recycling and Harmless Treatment[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2022, 41(7): 2308-2320.

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