以煤矸石为原料制备Al2O3-SiO2气凝胶的工艺与性能

硅酸盐通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 607-615.

以煤矸石为原料制备Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶的工艺与性能

夏晨康¹, 李淑敏², 胡博², 郝名远¹, 陈欢乐¹, 尚阳², 刘维海¹, 张鑫源¹, 武泽民², 苗洋¹, 高峰¹

1.太原理工大学材料科学与工程学院,太原 030024;
2.阳煤集团纳谷(山西)气凝胶科创城管理有限责任公司研发中心,阳泉 045000

收稿日期:2021-10-08 修回日期:2021-11-05 出版日期:2022-02-15 发布日期:2022-03-01
通讯作者: 苗洋,博士,副教授。E-mail:miaoyang198781@163.com
作者简介:夏晨康(1997—),男,硕士研究生。主要从事硅铝气凝胶制备方向的研究。E-mail:1327991939@qq.com
基金资助:
阳煤纳谷气凝胶科创城揭榜招标项目(YK20002)

Preparation and Properties of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Aerogel from Coal Gangue

XIA Chenkang¹, LI Shumin², HU Bo², HAO Mingyuan¹, CHEN Huanle¹, SHANG Yang², LIU Weihai¹, ZHANG Xinyuan¹, WU Zemin², MIAO Yang¹, GAO Feng¹

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
2. Research and Development Center of Nagu (Shanxi) Aerogel Innovation City Management Co. Ltd. Yangmei Group, Yangquan 045000, China

Received:2021-10-08 Revised:2021-11-05 Online:2022-02-15 Published:2022-03-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 煤矸石作为固体废弃物虽然被用作发电燃料、煤矿填料与建筑材料,但其利用率仍然不高,如何提高煤矸石的高值化利用率成为了目前研究的热点。本文以山西煤矸石为原料,采用一步酸溶和溶胶-凝胶法,并经过常压干燥得到了Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶粉体。在溶剂置换与改性过程中引入超声波,研究了其对气凝胶的制备与性能的影响。采用BET、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TG-DSC及接触角测试对所得Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶粉体的结构与性能进行表征。结果表明,超声波的引入加快了反应速率,缩短了气凝胶的制备周期,所制备的Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶是一种具有纳米三维网络结构的介孔材料,堆积密度低至0.120 g/cm³,比表面积为635 m²/g,高温下收缩性小于传统水玻璃制备的SiO₂气凝胶,并具有较好的疏水性。

关键词: 煤矸石, 活化, 超声辅助, Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶, 耐高温, 疏水性

Abstract: Although coal gangue as solid waste is used in electricity generation, coalmine backfilling and building materials, its utilization rate is still not high. How to improve the high-value utilization of coal gangue has become a research hotspot. In this paper, Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel powder was synthesized by one-step acid leaching followed by sol-gel method and ambient pressure drying from coal gangue. Ultrasonic was exerted in the process of solvent replacement and modification. The structure and performance of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel powder were characterized by means of BET, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TG-DSC and contact angle measurement. The results show that the reaction rate is accelerated by ultrasonic and the preparation cycle is shortened. Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel is a mesoporous material with three-dimensional network structure of nano. Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel has a minimum bulk density of 0.120 g/cm³ and a specific surface area of 635 m²/g, its shrinkage at high temperature is lower than that of SiO₂ aerogel prepared from sodium silicate, Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel also shows high hydrophobicity.

Key words: coal gangue, activation, ultrasonic assist, Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel, high temperature resistance, hydrophobicity

中图分类号:

TB321

夏晨康, 李淑敏, 胡博, 郝名远, 陈欢乐, 尚阳, 刘维海, 张鑫源, 武泽民, 苗洋, 高峰. 以煤矸石为原料制备Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶的工艺与性能[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2022, 41(2): 607-615.

XIA Chenkang, LI Shumin, HU Bo, HAO Mingyuan, CHEN Huanle, SHANG Yang, LIU Weihai, ZHANG Xinyuan, WU Zemin, MIAO Yang, GAO Feng. Preparation and Properties of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Aerogel from Coal Gangue[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2022, 41(2): 607-615.

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以煤矸石为原料制备Al₂O₃-SiO₂气凝胶的工艺与性能

Preparation and Properties of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ Aerogel from Coal Gangue

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