多孔SiC陶瓷/石蜡复合相变材料定型封装及热性能研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以微米级SiC粉为原料,采用冷冻干燥工艺制备具有连贯层状孔结构的SiC陶瓷。以多孔SiC陶瓷为基体,石蜡为相变芯材,通过真空浸渍法制备多孔SiC陶瓷/石蜡复合相变材料,研究了石蜡在层状多孔SiC陶瓷内的浸渗行为及复合材料的储热性能。结果表明,层片状多孔SiC陶瓷的显微形貌对石蜡的浸渗过程及储热性能有明显影响。当石蜡负载量为21.7%(质量分数)时,复合相变材料熔融温度为59.6 ℃,凝固温度为53.9 ℃,相变潜热为28.4 J/g,室温下的热导率为2.4 W·(m·K)^-1。复合相变材料吸热峰和放热峰强度随着石蜡负载量减少而降低,当温度为200 ℃时,多孔SiC陶瓷/石蜡复合相变材料失重为5%(质量分数),表明材料具有良好的热稳定性。复合相变材料在100 ℃热处理30 min后陶瓷基体未发生形变,经100次热循环后具有稳定的相变潜热和良好的定型能力。

关键词: SiC陶瓷, 复合相变材料, 层状孔结构, 石蜡, 真空浸渍法, 储热性能

Abstract: Porous silicon carbon (SiC) ceramics with coherent laminated structure were prepared by freeze-drying process with micron SiC powder as raw material. With porous SiC ceramics as matrix and paraffin as phase change material, the porous SiC ceramics/paraffin composite phase change materials were synthesized via vacuum impregnation method. Infiltration behavior of paraffin in laminated porous SiC ceramics and the heat storage performance and stability of composite phase change materials were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of laminated porous SiC ceramics has a significant effect on the infiltration process and heat storage properties of paraffin. When the paraffin load is 21.7% (mass fraction), the melting point and freezing point of composite phase change materials are 59.6 ℃ and 53.9 ℃, respectively, the latent heat of melting is 28.4 J/g, and the thermal conductivity at room temperature reaches 2.4 W·(m·K)^-1. The intensity of endothermic and exothermic peaks of phase change materials decreases with decrease of paraffin load. When the temperature is 200 ℃, the weight loss of porous SiC ceramics/paraffin composite phase change materials is 5% (mass fraction), indicating that the material has good thermal stability. The composite phase change materials maintain its shape without any leakage after being treated in 100 ℃ for 30 min. The composite phase change materials aslo have stable latent heat and good shape stability after 100 thermal cycles.

Key words: SiC ceramics, composite phase change material, laminated porous structure, paraffin, vacuum impregnation method, heat storage performance

中图分类号:

TB34

徐照芸, 罗团生, 马登杰, 海万秀, 何思霖. 多孔SiC陶瓷/石蜡复合相变材料定型封装及热性能研究[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2022, 41(10): 3658-3666.

XU Zhaoyun, LUO Tuansheng, MA Dengjie, HAI Wanxiu, HE Silin. Stereotypes Package and Thermal Properties of Porous SiC Ceramics/Paraffin Composite Phase Change Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2022, 41(10): 3658-3666.

参考文献

[1] TOKORO H, YOSHIKIYO M, IMOTO K, et al. External stimulation-controllable heat-storage ceramics[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 7037.
[2] GE Z W, LI Y L, LI D C, et al. Thermal energy storage: challenges and the role of particle technology[J]. Particuology, 2014, 15: 2-8.
[3] 姜竹,邹博杨,丛琳,等.储热技术研究进展与展望[J].储能科学与技术,2022,11(9):2746-2771.
JIANG Z, ZOU B Y, CONG L. Recent progress and outlook of thermal energy storage technologies[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(9): 2746-2771 (in Chinese).
[4] ZHENG H B, SONG C, BAO C, et al. Dark calcium carbonate particles for simultaneous full-spectrum solar thermal conversion and large-capacity thermochemical energy storage[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2020, 207: 110364.
[5] DING W J, GOMEZ-VIDAL J, BONK A, et al. Molten chloride salts for next generation CSP plants: electrolytical salt purification for reducing corrosive impurity level[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2019, 199: 8-15.
[6] ZHAO L, FANG X C, WANG G, et al. Preparation and properties of paraffin/activated carbon composites as phase change materials for thermal energy storage[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 608/609: 1049-1053.
[7] ŞAHAN N, FOIS M, PAKSOY H. The effects of various carbon derivative additives on the thermal properties of paraffin as a phase change material[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2016, 40(2): 198-206.
[8] 聂志新,周建庭,张华彬,等.月桂酸/膨胀石墨相变混凝土的制备与性能研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2019,38(7):2235-2241.
NIE Z X, ZHOU J T, ZHANG H B, et al. Preparation and properties of lauric acid/expanded graphite phase change concrete[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 38(7): 2235-2241 (in Chinese).
[9] KORHAMMER K, DRUSKE M M, FOPAH-LELE A, et al. Sorption and thermal characterization of composite materials based on chlorides for thermal energy storage[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 162: 1462-1472.
[10] MIAO Q, ZHANG Y L, JIA X, et al. MgSO₄-expanded graphite composites for mass and heat transfer enhancement of thermochemical energy storage[J]. Solar Energy, 2021, 220: 432-439.
[11] YU H T, GAO J M, CHEN Y, et al. Preparation and properties of stearic acid/expanded graphite composite phase change material for low-temperature solar thermal application[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2016, 124(1): 87-92.
[12] QI G Q, YANG J, BAO R Y, et al. Hierarchical graphene foam-based phase change materials with enhanced thermal conductivity and shape stability for efficient solar-to-thermal energy conversion and storage[J]. Nano Research, 2017, 10(3): 802-813.
[13] WU S, LI T X, TONG Z, et al. High-performance thermally conductive phase change composites by large-size oriented graphite sheets for scalable thermal energy harvesting[J]. Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla), 2019, 31(49): e1905099.
[14] YIN Z Y, ZHANG X G, HUANG Z H, et al. Paraffin/expanded graphite phase change composites with enhanced thermal conductivity prepared by implanted β-SiC nanowires with chemical vapor deposition method[J]. Materials Research Express, 2018, 5(2): 025503.
[15] 宿金栋,李士明,闫明伟,等.多孔碳球/SiC纳米纤维/十八醇复合相变材料定型封装及其热性能研究[J].人工晶体学报,2018,47(12):2482-2488.
SU J D, LI S M, YAN M W, et al. Study on stereotypes package and thermal properties of porous carbon spheres/SiC nanofibers/1-octadecanol composite phase change materials[J]. Journal of Synthetic Crystals, 2018, 47(12): 2482-2488 (in Chinese).
[16] XU Q, LIU X L, LUO Q Y, et al. Loofah-derived eco-friendly SiC ceramics for high-performance sunlight capture, thermal transport, and energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2022, 45: 786-795.
[17] DING S Q, ZHU S M, ZENG Y P, et al. Fabrication of mullite-bonded porous silicon carbide ceramics by in situ reaction bonding[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2007, 27(4): 2095-2102.
[18] 杨仪潇,刘张敏,邓湘云,等.氟化铝添加量对碳化硅/莫来石复合多孔陶瓷性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2015,34(8):2315-2319.
YANG Y X, LIU Z M, DENG X Y, et al. Effect of aluminum fluoride addition on the properties of porous SiC/mullite composite ceramics[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2015, 34(8): 2315-2319 (in Chinese).
[19] SHE J H, DENG Z Y, DANIEL D J, et al. Oxidation bonding of porous silicon carbide ceramics[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2002, 37(17): 3615-3622.
[20] FUKASAWA T, DENG Z Y, ANDO M, et al. Synthesis of porous silicon nitride with unidirectionally aligned channels using freeze-drying process[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2002, 85(9): 2151-2155.
[21] ZHANG H, COOPER A I. Aligned porous structures by directional freezing[J]. Advanced Materials, 2007, 19(11): 1529-1533.
[22] DEVILLE S, SAIZ E, TOMSIA A P. Ice-templated porous alumina structures[J]. Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(6): 1965-1974.
[23] RICE R W. Comparison of stress concentration versus minimum solid area based mechanical property-porosity relations[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1993, 28(8): 2187-2190.
[24] FANG X, DING Q, FAN L W, et al. Effects of inclusion size on thermal conductivity and rheological behavior of ethylene glycol-based suspensions containing silver nanowires with various specific surface areas[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 81: 554-562.
[25] TIMOFEEVA E V, ROUTBORT J L, SINGH D. Particle shape effects on thermophysical properties of alumina nanofluids[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2009, 106(1): 014304.
[26] TANG J, YANG M, YU F, et al. 1-octadecanol@hierarchical porous polymer composite as a novel shape-stability phase change material for latent heat thermal energy storage[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 187: 514-522.
[27] 陈宏善,季生福,牛建中,等.无定型氧化硅转变为α-方石英的振动光谱[J].物理化学学报,1999,15(5):454-457.
CHEN H S, JI S F, NIU J Z, et al. Vibration spectroscopy on transformation of amorphous silica to-cristobalite[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 1999, 15(5): 454-457 (in Chinese).
[28] DAO T D, JEONG H M. A Pickering emulsion route to a stearic acid/graphene core-shell composite phase change material[J]. Carbon, 2016, 99: 49-57.
[29] GRAHAM M, SHCHUKINA E, DE CASTRO P F, et al. Nanocapsules containing salt hydrate phase change materials for thermal energy storage[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016, 4(43): 16906-16912.
[30] CHAPOTARD C, TONDEUR D. Dynamics of latent heat storage in fixed beds a non-linear equilibrium model: the analogy with chromatography[J]. Chemical Engineering Communications, 1983, 24(4/5/6): 183-204.
[31] XIA L, ZHANG P, WANG R Z. Preparation and thermal characterization of expanded graphite/paraffin composite phase change material[J]. Carbon, 2010, 48(9): 2538-2548.
[32] JIANG Y, DING E Y, LI G K. Study on transition characteristics of PEG/CDA solid-solid phase change materials[J]. Polymer, 2002, 43(1): 117-122.
[33] GONG S Q, CHENG X M, LI Y Y, et al. Effect of nano-SiC on thermal properties of expanded graphite/1-octadecanol composite materials for thermal energy storage[J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 367: 32-39.
[34] YOON B H, LEE E J, KIM H E, et al. Highly aligned porous silicon carbide ceramics by freezing polycarbosilane/camphene solution[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2007, 90(6): 1753-1759.