磁场作用下冷冻铸造法制备仿生材料研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着科技的迅速发展,对材料的性能提出了更高的要求,迫切需要开发新型轻质高性能结构材料,即低密度、高刚度、高强度和高韧性等特点集于一身。生物材料经过数亿年的进化,形成了与环境和功能需求相适应的精细复杂结构,如贝壳珍珠层的“砖-泥”结构和螃蟹角质层的螺旋结构,它们均表现出非凡的机械性能和独特的功能特性,这启发了人们对于高性能材料的设计和构筑。目前发展的冷冻铸造法(即冰模板法)是制备仿生材料的一种有效方法,通常在温度梯度作用下定向凝固水基陶瓷浆料,经冷冻干燥后可获得具有精细结构的多孔陶瓷材料,随后对该多孔陶瓷填充软相-树脂后可获得仿珍珠贝结构陶瓷-树脂复合材料。为了进一步控制材料微观结构,研究人员对冷冻铸造过程施加磁场作用,最终发现材料的结构和性能均发生了明显变化。本文介绍了冷冻铸造法在控制材料微观结构以及制备仿生材料方面取得的一些进展,综述了施加磁场作用对冷冻铸造的影响,总结了施加磁场辅助的冰模板材料微观结构和机械性能变化规律。

关键词: 多孔陶瓷, 仿生材料, 冷冻铸造, 磁场作用, 微观结构, 力学性能

Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of materials. It is urgent to develop new lightweight and high-performance structural materials, which have the characteristics of low density, high stiffness, high strength, and high toughness. After hundreds of millions years of evolution, biomaterials have formed fine and complex structures that are compatible with the environment and functional requirements, such as the “brick-mortar” structure of nacre and the helical structure of crab cuticle. They all exhibit extraordinary mechanical properties and unique functional characteristics, which greatly inspired the design and construction of high-performance materials. The currently developed freeze casting method (ice template method) is an effective method for preparing biomimetic materials. Usually, the water-based ceramics slurry is directionally solidified under the effect of temperature gradient. After freeze-drying, the porous ceramics with fine structure can be obtained. Then, the porous ceramics can be filled with soft phase resin to obtain the ceramics-resin composite with nacre-like structure. In order to further control the microstructure of the material, the researchers applied magnetic field to the freeze casting process, and finally found that the structure and properties of the material have changed significantly. In this paper, the progress in the control of material microstructure and the preparation of biomimetic materials by freeze casting are introduced, and the influence of magnetic field on freeze casting is summarized. The change of microstructure and mechanicalproperties of ice-templating materials assisted by magnetic field is summarized.

Key words: porous ceramics, biomimetic material, freeze casting, magnetic field, microstructure, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TQ174

阿拉腾沙嘎, 陈冠宏, 陈星. 磁场作用下冷冻铸造法制备仿生材料研究进展[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(7): 2348-2359.

ALATENG Shaga, CHEN Guanhong, CHEN Xing. Research Progress on Preparation of Biomimetic Materials by Freeze Casting under Magnetic Field[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2021, 40(7): 2348-2359.

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