3D打印建筑技术及其水泥基材料研究进展评述

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 3D打印技术具有数字化、自动化、快速高效、无模、节省材料等特点,是一种低能耗、低排放的制造技术,也是制造业升级改革的关键技术。3D打印技术在传统建筑领域具有广阔的应用前景,能够极大缩短工程建设周期、提升建筑结构可设计性,它还是一种极端环境下极具潜力的施工技术。因此,3D打印建筑技术不仅受到科研工作者的青睐,更是得到国家的大力支持。本文系统评述了国内外基于水泥基材料的3D打印建筑技术的研究进展:首先介绍了基于水泥基材料的3D打印建筑技术的起源、发展及应用;然后从可打印性能、力学性能及耐久性能三个方面对3D打印水泥基材料研究进展进行了介绍;最后提出了关于3D打印建筑技术的思考与建议,并对其发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 3D打印, 数字化, 水泥基材料, 可打印性能, 力学性能, 耐久性能

Abstract: 3D printing technology has the characteristics of digitalization, automation, rapid and efficiency, no mold, and material saving. It is a manufacturing technology with low energy consumption and low emission, and it is also the key technology for the upgrading of the manufacturing industry. 3D printing technology has great potential in the construction industry, which can greatly shorten the construction cycle and improve the structural designability of buildings. It is a promising construction technology in some extreme environments as well. Therefore, 3D printing construction technology is not only favored by research workers but also strongly supported by governments. This review summarized the recent development of 3D printing construction technology based on cement-based materials. First, the history and application of 3D printing construction technology based on cement-based materials were introduced. Then the progress of 3D printing cement-based materials was introduced from three aspects of printability, mechanical properties,and durability. Finally, thoughts and suggestions about 3D printing construction technology were proposed. In addition, its developing tendency was pointed out.

Key words: 3D printing, digitalization, cement-based material, printability, mechanical property, durability

中图分类号:

TU528

张翼, 朱艳梅, 任强, 蒋正武. 3D打印建筑技术及其水泥基材料研究进展评述[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2021, 40(6): 1796-1807.

ZHANG Yi, ZHU Yanmei, REN Qiang, JIANG Zhengwu. Progress on 3D Printing Construction Technology and Its Cement-Based Materials[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2021, 40(6): 1796-1807.

参考文献

[1] CESARETTI G, DINI E, DE KESTELIER X, et al. Building components for an outpost on the Lunar soil by means of a novel 3D printing technology[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2014, 93: 430-450.
[2] KADING B, STRAUB J. Utilizing in situ resources and 3D printing structures for a manned Mars mission[J]. Acta Astronautica, 2015, 107: 317-326.
[3] 马敬畏,蒋正武,苏宇峰.3D打印混凝土技术的发展与展望[J].混凝土世界,2014(7):41-46.
MA J W, JIANG Z W, SU Y F. Development and prospect of 3D printing concrete technology[J]. China Concrete, 2014(7): 41-46 (in Chinese).
[4] PEGNA J. Exploratory investigation of solid freeform construction[J]. Automation in Construction, 1997, 5(5): 427-437.
[5] YU S W, DU H J, SANJAYAN J. Aggregate-bed 3D concrete printing with cement paste binder[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2020, 136: 106169.
[6] LOWKE D, TALKE D, DRESSLER I, et al. Particle bed 3D printing by selective cement activation-applications, material and process technology[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2020, 134: 106077.
[7] KHOSHNEVIS B, BUKKAPATNAM S, KWON H, et al. Experimental investigation of contour crafting using ceramics materials[J]. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2001, 7(1): 32-42.
[8] KHOSHNEVIS B. Contour crafting-state of development[C]//Solid Freeform Fabrication Proceedings, 1999: 743-750.
[9] LIM S, LE T, WEBSTER J, et al. Fabricating construction components using layered manufacturing technology[C]//Global Innovation in Construction Conference. Loughborough University, 2009: 512-520.
[10] CECCANTI F, DINI E, DE KESTELIER X, et al. 3D printing technology for a moon outpost exploiting lunar soil[J]. 61st International Astronautical Congress 2010, IAC 2010, 2010, 11: 8812-8820.
[11] DINI E. Method for automatically producing a conglomerate structure and apparatus therefor: US20100207288[P]. 2010-08-19.
[12] LIM S, BUSWELL R A, LE T T, et al. Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing processes[J]. Automation in Construction, 2012, 21: 262-268.
[13] HACK N, LAUER W V. Mesh-mould: robotically fabricated spatial meshes as reinforced concrete formwork[J]. Architectural Design, 2014, 84(3): 44-53.
[14] PFÄNDLER P, WANGLER T, MATA-FALCÓN J, et al. Potentials of steel fibres for mesh mould elements[M]//RILEM Bookseries. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018: 207-216.
[15] LLORET E, SHAHAB A R, LINUS M, et al. Complex concrete structures[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2015, 60: 40-49.
[16] LINDEMANN H, GERBERS R, IBRAHIM S, et al. Development of a shotcrete 3D-printing (SC3DP) technology for additive manufacturing of reinforced freeform concrete structures[C]//First RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication-Digital Concrete, 2018: 287-298.
[17] NEUDECKER S, BRUNS C, GERBERS R, et al. A new robotic spray technology for generative manufacturing of complex concrete structures without formwork[J]. Procedia CIRP, 2016, 43: 333-338.
[18] BUSWELL R A, LEAL DE SILVA W R, JONES S Z, et al. 3D printing using concrete extrusion: a roadmap for research[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2018, 112: 37-49.
[19] WU P, WANG J, WANG X Y. A critical review of the use of 3-D printing in the construction industry[J]. Automation in Construction, 2016, 68: 21-31.
[20] ASPRONE D, AURICCHIO F, MENNA C, et al. 3D printing of reinforced concrete elements: technology and design approach[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 165: 218-231.
[21] BOS F, AHMED Z, JUTINOV E, et al. Experimental exploration of metal cable as reinforcement in 3D printed concrete[J]. Materials, 2017, 10(11): 1314.
[22] HAMBACH M, VOLKMER D. Properties of 3D-printed fiber-reinforced Portland cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2017, 79: 62-70.
[23] WANGLER T, ROUSSEL N, BOS F P, et al. Digital concrete: a review[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2019, 123: 105780.
[24] ROUSSEL N. Rheological requirements for printable concretes[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2018, 112: 76-85.
[25] DE SCHUTTER G, LESAGE K, MECHTCHERINE V, et al. Vision of 3D printing with concrete: technical, economic and environmental potentials[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2018, 112: 25-36.
[26] ASPRONE D, MENNA C, BOS F P, et al. Rethinking reinforcement for digital fabrication with concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2018, 112: 111-121.
[27] WALLEVIK O H, WALLEVIK J E. Rheology as a tool in concrete science: the use of rheographs and workability boxes[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2011, 41(12): 1279-1288.
[28] LE T T, AUSTIN S A, LIM S, et al. Mix design and fresh properties for high-performance printing concrete[J]. Materials and Structures, 2012, 45(8): 1221-1232.
[29] LE T T, AUSTIN S A, LIM S, et al. Hardened properties of high-performance printing concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2012, 42(3): 558-566.
[30] ZAREIYAN B, KHOSHNEVIS B. Effects of interlocking on interlayer adhesion and strength of structures in 3D printing of concrete[J]. Automation in Construction, 2017, 83: 212-221.
[31] HWANG D. Experimental study of full scale concrete wall construction using contour crafting[D]. Los Angeles: University of Southern California, 2005.
[32] MENDOZA REALES O A, DUDA P, SILVA E C C M, et al. Nanosilica particles as structural buildup agents for 3D printing with Portland cement pastes[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 219: 91-100.
[33] PANDA B, RUAN S Q, UNLUER C, et al. Improving the 3D printability of high volume fly ash mixtures via the use of nano attapulgite clay[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019, 165: 75-83.
[34] VAITKEVIIUS V, ŠERELIS E, KERŠEVIIUS V. Effect of ultra-sonic activation on early hydration process in 3D concrete printing technology[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 169: 354-363.
[35] 蔺喜强,张涛,霍亮,等.水泥基建筑3D打印材料的制备及应用研究[J].混凝土,2016(6):141-144.
LIN X Q, ZHANG T, HUO L, et al. Preparation and application of 3D printing materials in construction[J]. Concrete, 2016(6): 141-144 (in Chinese).
[36] CHEN M X, LI L B, WANG J A, et al. Rheological parameters and building time of 3D printing sulphoaluminate cement paste modified by retarder and diatomite[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 234: 117391.
[37] 范诗建,杜骁,陈兵.磷酸盐水泥在3D打印技术中的应用研究[J].新型建筑材料,2015,42(1):1-4.
FAN S J, DU X, CHEN B. Research on application of magnesium phosphate cement in 3D printing[J]. New Building Materials, 2015, 42(1): 1-4 (in Chinese).
[38] AKKINENI A R, LUO Y X, SCHUMACHER M, et al. 3D plotting of growth factor loaded calcium phosphate cement scaffolds[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2015, 27: 264-274.
[39] COLOMBO P, CONTE A, ITALIANO A, et al. Binder with magnesic base and process for the additive production of manufactured items with such binder: US20170246760[P]. 2017-08-31.
[40] ZHONG J, ZHOU G X, HE P G, et al. 3D printing strong and conductive geo-polymer nanocomposite structures modified by graphene oxide[J]. Carbon, 2017, 117: 421-426.
[41] PERROT A, RANGEARD D, COURTEILLE E. 3D printing of earth-based materials: processing aspects[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 172: 670-676.
[42] PANDA B, CHANDRA PAUL S, TAN M J. Anisotropic mechanical performance of 3D printed fiber reinforced sustainable construction material[J]. Materials Letters, 2017, 209: 146-149.
[43] 张翠苗,杨红健,马学景.氯氧镁水泥的研究进展[J].硅酸盐通报,2014,33(1):117-121.
ZHANG C M, YANG H J, MA X J. Research progress of magnesium oxychloride cement[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2014, 33(1): 117-121 (in Chinese).
[44] 蔺喜强,李景芳,张涛,等.用于3D打印技术的水泥基复合材料及其制备方法和用途:CN104310918A[P].2015-01-28.
LIN X Q, LI J F, ZHANG T, et al. Cement based composites for 3D printing technology, preparation method and application: CN104310918A[P]. 2015-01-28 (in Chinese).
[45] LIU Z X, LI M Y, WENG Y W, et al. Mixture design approach to optimize the rheological properties of the material used in 3D cementitious material printing[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 198: 245-255.
[46] ZHANG C, HOU Z Y, CHEN C, et al. Design of 3D printable concrete based on the relationship between flowability of cement paste and optimum aggregate content[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2019, 104: 103406.
[47] ZHANG Y, ZHANG Y S, LIU G J, et al. Fresh properties of a novel 3D printing concrete ink[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 174: 263-271.
[48] MALAEB Z, HACHEM H, TOURBAH A, et al. 3D concrete printing: machine and mix design[J]. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2015, 6(6): 14-22.
[49] MA G W, LI Z J, WANG L. Printable properties of cementitious material containing copper tailings for extrusion based 3D printing[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 162: 613-627.
[50] TAY Y W D, QIAN Y, TAN M J. Printability region for 3D concrete printing using slump and slump flow test[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019, 174: 106968.
[51] OGURA H, NERELLA V, MECHTCHERINE V. Developing and testing of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) in the context of 3D-printing[J]. Materials, 2018, 11(8): 1375.
[52] KAZEMIAN A, YUAN X, COCHRAN E, et al. Cementitious materials for construction-scale 3D printing: laboratory testing of fresh printing mixture[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 145: 639-647.
[53] ASHRAFI N, DUARTE J P, NAZARIAN S, et al. Evaluating the relationship between deposition and layer quality in large-scale additive manufacturing of concrete[J]. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2019, 14(2): 135-140.
[54] 蒋正武,朱艳梅,张翼.一种3D打印建筑砂浆建造性能评价装置及方法:CN110243678A[P].2019-09-17.
JIANG Z W, ZHU Y M, ZHANG Y. A device and method for evaluating the buildability of 3D printing mortar: CN110243678B[P]. 2019-09-17 (in Chinese).
[55] WOLFS R J M, BOS F P, SALET T A M. Correlation between destructive compression tests and non-destructive ultrasonic measurements on early age 3D printed concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 181: 447-454.
[56] PANDA B, LIM J H, TAN M J. Mechanical properties and deformation behaviour of early age concrete in the context of digital construction[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019, 165: 563-571.
[57] 朱艳梅,张翼,蒋正武.羟丙基甲基纤维素对3D打印砂浆性能影响研究[J/OL].建筑材料学报:1-14[2021-03-31].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1764.TU.20201028.1744.028.html.
ZHU Y M, ZHANG Y, JIANG Z W. Effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether on properties of 3D printing mortar[J/OL]. Journal of Building Materials: 1-14 [2021-03-31]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/31.1764.TU.20201028.1744.028.html (in Chinese).
[58] YUAN Q, ZHOU D J, LI B Y, et al. Effect of mineral admixtures on the structural build-up of cement paste[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 160: 117-126.
[59] ZHANG Y, JIANG Z W, ZHU Y M, et al. Effects of redispersible polymer powders on the structural build-up of 3D printing cement paste with and without hydroxypropyl methylcellulose[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 267: 120551.
[60] KEITA E, BESSAIES-BEY H, ZUO W Q, et al. Weak bond strength between successive layers in extrusion-based additive manufacturing: measurement and physical origin[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2019, 123: 105787.
[61] 刘致远,王振地,王玲,等.3D打印水泥净浆层间拉伸强度及层间剪切强度[J].硅酸盐学报,2019,47(5):648-652.
LIU Z Y, WANG Z D, WANG L, et al. Interlayer bond strength of 3D printing cement paste by cross-bonded method[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2019, 47(5): 648-652 (in Chinese).
[62] WANG L, TIAN Z H, MA G W, et al. Interlayer bonding improvement of 3D printed concrete with polymer modified mortar: experiments and molecular dynamics studies[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2020, 110: 103571.
[63] TAY Y W D, TING G H A, QIAN Y, et al. Time gap effect on bond strength of 3D-printed concrete[J]. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2019, 14(1): 104-113.
[64] SANJAYAN J G, NEMATOLLAHI B, XIA M, et al. Effect of surface moisture on inter-layer strength of 3D printed concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 172: 468-475.
[65] PANDA B, PAUL S C, MOHAMED N A N, et al. Measurement of tensile bond strength of 3D printed geopolymer mortar[J]. Measurement, 2018, 113: 108-116.
[66] MARCHMENT T, SANJAYAN J, XIA M. Method of enhancing interlayer bond strength in construction scale 3D printing with mortar by effective bond area amplification[J]. Materials & Design, 2019, 169: 107684.
[67] HE L W, CHOW W T, LI H. Effects of interlayer notch and shear stress on interlayer strength of 3D printed cement paste[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2020, 36: 101390.
[68] NERELLA V N, HEMPEL S, MECHTCHERINE V. Effects of layer-interface properties on mechanical performance of concrete elements produced by extrusion-based 3D-printing[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 205: 586-601.
[69] WOLFS R J M, BOS F P, SALET T A M. Hardened properties of 3D printed concrete: the influence of process parameters on interlayer adhesion[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2019, 119: 132-140.
[70] PAUL S C, TAY Y W D, PANDA B, et al. Fresh and hardened properties of 3D printable cementitious materials for building and construction[J]. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 18(1): 311-319.
[71] ZAREIYAN B, KHOSHNEVIS B. Interlayer adhesion and strength of structures in contour crafting-effects of aggregate size, extrusion rate, and layer thickness[J]. Automation in Construction, 2017, 81: 112-121.
[72] GENG Z F, SHE W, ZUO W Q, et al. Layer-interface properties in 3D printed concrete: dual hierarchical structure and micromechanical characterization[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2020, 138: 106220.
[73] WENG Y W, LI M Y, ZHANG D, et al. Investigation of interlayer adhesion of 3D printable cementitious material from the aspect of printing process[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2021, 143: 106386.
[74] NERELLA V N, HEMPEL S, MECHTCHERINE V. Micro-and macroscopic investigations on the interface between layers of 3D-printed cementitious elements[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Construction Materials and Systems, 2017: 3-8.
[75] JÚLIO E N B S, BRANCO F A B, SILVA V D. Concrete-to-concrete bond strength. Influence of the roughness of the substrate surface[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2004, 18(9): 675-681.
[76] AUSTIN S, ROBINS P, PAN Y G. Tensile bond testing of concrete repairs[J]. Materials and Structures, 1995, 28(5): 249-259.
[77] TALBOT C, PIGEON M, BEAUPRÉ D, et al. Influence of surface preparation on long-term bonding of shotcrete[J]. ACI Materials Journal, 1995, 91(6): 560-566.
[78] HOSSEINI E, ZAKERTABRIZI M, KORAYEM A H, et al. A novel method to enhance the interlayer bonding of 3D printing concrete: an experimental and computational investigation[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2019, 99: 112-119.
[79] STÄHLI P, CUSTER R, MIER J G M. On flow properties, fibre distribution, fibre orientation and flexural behaviour of FRC[J]. Materials and Structures, 2008, 41(1): 189-196.
[80] FERRARA L, OZYURT N, PRISCO M. High mechanical performance of fibre reinforced cementitious composites: the role of “casting-flow induced” fibre orientation[J]. Materials and Structures, 2011, 44(1): 109-128.
[81] PAKRAVAN H R, LATIFI M, JAMSHIDI M. Hybrid short fiber reinforcement system in concrete: a review[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 142: 280-294.
[82] BOS F P, BOSCO E, SALET T A M. Ductility of 3D printed concrete reinforced with short straight steel fibers[J]. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2019, 14(2): 160-174.
[83] TEIXEIRA R S, TONOLI G H D, SANTOS S F, et al. Extruded cement based composites reinforced with sugar cane bagasse fibres[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2012, 517: 450-457.
[84] CHAVES FIGUEIREDO S, ROMERO RODRÍGUEZ C, AHMED Z Y, et al. An approach to develop printable strain hardening cementitious composites[J]. Materials & Design, 2019, 169: 107651.
[85] SOLTAN D G, LI V C. A self-reinforced cementitious composite for building-scale 3D printing[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2018, 90: 1-13.
[86] WENG Y W, LI M Y, LIU Z X, et al. Printability and fire performance of a developed 3D printable fibre reinforced cementitious composites under elevated temperatures[J]. Virtual and Physical Prototyping, 2019, 14(3): 284-292.
[87] WEGER D, LOWKE D, GEHLEN C, et al. Additive manufacturing of concrete elements using selective cement paste intrusion-effect of layer orientation on strength and durability[C]//Proceedings of RILEM 1st International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication, Zurich, Switzerland, Sept., 2018: 10-12.
[88] 刘致远.3D打印水泥基材料流变性能调控及力学性能表征[D].北京:中国建筑材料科学研究总院,2019.
LIU Z Y. Rheological behavior control and mechanical properties characterization of 3D printing cement-based materials[D]. Beijing: China General Research Institute of Building Materials Science, 2019 (in Chinese).
[89] VAN DER PUTTEN J, DE VOLDER M, VAN DEN HEEDE P, et al. 3D printing of concrete: the influence on chloride penetration[M]//RILEM Bookseries. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020: 500-507.
[90] ZHANG Y, ZHANG Y S, YANG L, et al. Hardened properties and durability of large-scale 3D printed cement-based materials[J]. Materials and Structures, 2021, 54(1): 1-14.