海水海砂混凝土力学性能与耐久性研究综述

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 远海工程建设面临钢筋混凝土易腐蚀、河砂和淡水匮乏等难题。国内外学者选择资源丰富的海水海砂代替淡水河砂制备混凝土,并研究其工作性能、力学性能及耐久性能。海水海砂中高含量的氯盐会加快水泥水化和凝结,导致早凝和早期强度提高,但后期增长变缓,最终强度与淡水河砂混凝土相近。海砂中少量的贝壳对混凝土工作性能和力学性能影响不大。海水海砂混凝土中的氯离子传输及结合方式更为复杂,其不同于内掺型氯离子,由此导致海水海砂混凝土中的钢筋锈蚀机理改变。辅助胶凝材料、复合型阻锈剂及纤维增强复合筋等为海水海砂混凝土结构应用提供了保障。

关键词: 海水海砂混凝土, 力学性能, 耐久性, 氯离子结合, 钢筋锈蚀

Abstract: Problems such as corrosion of reinforced concrete, lack of river sand and fresh water cause difficulties in the construction of offshore projects. Due to the rich resources of seawater and sea-sand, experts and scholars at home and abroad put forward to use seawater and sea-sand instead of fresh water and river sand to prepare concrete. Workability, mechanical properties and durability of seawater and sea-sand concrete were studied. Chlorine salts of seawater and sea-sand accelerate the setting and hydration of cement, leading to early setting and increasing the early strength of the concrete. However, the strength of seawater and sea-sand concrete grows slowly in the later period, and its final strength is similar to that of ordinary concrete. A small amount of shells in sea-sand has little effect on the workability and mechanical properties of concrete. Different from doped chloride ion, the mechanisms of chloride transmission and binding capabilities of seawater and sea-sand concrete are more complex. As a result, the mechanism of reinforcement corrosion in seawater and sea-sand concrete is changed. However, supplementary cementitious materials, compound rust inhibitor and fiber reinforced polymer bar provide guarantee for the application of seawater and sea-sand concrete structures.

Key words: seawater and sea-sand concrete, mechanical property, durability, chloride binding, reinforcement corrosion

中图分类号:

TU528

李师财, 于泳, 金祖权. 海水海砂混凝土力学性能与耐久性研究综述[J]. 硅酸盐通报, 2020, 39(12): 3743-3752.

LI Shicai, YU Yong, JIN Zuquan. Review on Mechanical Properties and Durability of Seawater and Sea-Sand Concrete[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2020, 39(12): 3743-3752.

参考文献

[1] 周继凯,何旭,王泽宇,等.海水海砂混凝土与潜在危害研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(24):179-187.
[2] 王圣洁,刘锡清,戴勤奋,等.中国海砂资源分布特征及找矿方向[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003(3):83-89.
[3] Nishida T, Otsuki N, Ohara H, et al. Some considerations for applicability of seawater as mixing water in concrete[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2015, 27(7): 1-7.
[4] 洪乃丰.海砂腐蚀与“海砂屋”危害[J].工业建筑,2004,34(11):65-67.
[5] 施养杭,王丹芳,吴泽进.海砂混凝土及其耐久性保护[J].工程力学,2010,27(s2):212-216.
[6] 傅建彬.海砂建筑材料资源化几个关键技术的研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005.
[7] Rao S, Reddy R, Bhaskar V. Influence of neutral salts (NaCl and KCl) in water on properties of natural admixture cements[J]. Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal, 2012, 2(4): 745-751.
[8] Reddy V V, Ramana N V, Gnaneswar K, et al. Effect of magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) on ordinary Portland cement concrete[J]. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2011, 4(6): 643-645.
[9] Thomas J J, Allen A J, Jennings H M. Hydration kinetics and microstructure development of normal and CaCl₂-accelerated tricalcium silicate pastes[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(46): 19836-19844.
[10] Wegian F M. Effect of seawater for mixing and curing on structural concrete[J].The IES Journal Part A: Civil and Structural Engineering, 2010, 3(4): 235-243.
[11] de Weerdt K, Orsáková D, Geiker M R. The impact of sulphate and magnesium on chloride binding in Portland cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2014, 65: 30-40.
[12] Liu W, Cui H Z, Dong Z J, et al. Carbonation of concrete made with dredged marine sand and its effect on chloride binding[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 120: 1-9.
[13] Hasdemir S, Tugrul A, Yilmaz M. The effect of natural sand composition on concrete strength[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 112: 940-948.
[14] 肖建庄,廖清香,张青天,等.海水海砂再生混凝土与玻璃纤维增强塑料筋黏结性能[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(7):884-890+971.
[15] Etxeberria M, Gonzalez-Corominas A, Pardo P. Influence of seawater and blast furnace cement employment on recycled aggregate concretes' properties[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 115: 496-505.
[16] Kaushik S K, Islam S. Suitability of sea water for mixing structural concrete exposed to a marine environment[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites, 1995, 17(3): 177-185.
[17] Yang E I, Kim M Y, Park H G, et al. Effect of partial replacement of sand with dry oyster shell on the long-term performance of concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2010, 24(5): 758-765.
[18] Limeira J, Etxeberria M, Agullo L, et al. Mechanical and durability properties of concrete made with dredged marine sand[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2011, 25(11): 4165-4174.
[19] Safi B, Saidi M, Daoui A, et al. The use of seashells as a fine aggregate (by sand substitution) in self-compacting mortar (SCM)[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 78: 430-438.
[20] 宁博,欧阳东,温喜廉.利用海砂制备高性能混凝土试验研究[J].混凝土,2012(1):88-90+93.
[21] 邢丽,薛瑞丰,曹喜.海砂海水混凝土性能研究[J].混凝土,2015(11):137-141.
[22] 陈人云.海水海砂混凝土力学性能研究[J].广东建材,2017,33(4):26-28.
[23] Younis A, Ebead U, Suraneni P, et al. Fresh and hardened properties of seawater-mixed concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 190(30): 276-286.
[24] 刘伟,谢友均,董必钦,等.海砂特性及海砂混凝土力学性能的研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2014,33(1):15-22.
[25] 杨明奥.论海砂对混凝土质量的影响[J].科技创新与应用,2012(22):206-207.
[26] 熊卫锋,杨晓峰,段文锋,等.可溶性氯盐对掺不同结构聚羧酸减水剂水泥浆体流变性的影响[J].新型建筑材料,2011,38(11):90-93.
[27] 万煜,王智,郭清春,等.硫酸盐对聚羧酸减水剂分散性能的影响[J].硅酸盐通报,2011,30(3):634-638.
[28] Han S, Plank J. Mechanistic study on the effect of sulfate ions on polycarboxylate superplasticisers in cement[J]. Advances in Cement Research, 2013, 25(4): 200-207.
[29] 刘娟红,高霞,纪洪广.无机盐对硫酸盐与聚羧酸减水剂相互作用的影响[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2013,29(4):687-692+697.
[30] Otsuki N, Saito T, Tadokoro Y. Possibility of sea water as mixing water in concrete[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2012, 6(11): 1273-1279.
[31] Etxeberria M, Fernandez J M, Limeira J. Secondary aggregates and seawater employment for sustainable concrete dyke blocks production: case study[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 113: 586-595.
[32] Shayan A, Xu A, Chirgwin G, et al. Effects of seawater on AAR expansion of concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2010, 40(4): 563-568.
[33] Guo Q Y, Chen L, Zhao H J, et al. The Effect of mixing and curing sea water on concrete strength at different ages[J]. Matec Web of Conferences, 2018, 142: 02004.
[34] Xiao J Z, Qiang C B, Nanni A, et al. Use of sea-sand and seawater in concrete construction: current status and future opportunities[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 155: 1101-1111.
[35] 李田雨,张玉梅,刘小艳,等.海水海砂高性能海工混凝土力学及早期工作性研究[J].混凝土,2019(11):1-5.
[36] 秦斌.海水海砂混凝土基本力学性能研究[J].混凝土,2019(2):90-91.
[37] Guo M H, Hu B, Xing F, et al. Characterization of the mechanical properties of eco-friendly concrete made with untreated sea sand and seawater based on statistical analysis[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 234: 117339.
[38] Çaatay I. H. Experimental evaluation of buildings damaged in recent earthquakes in Turkey[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2005, 12(3): 440-452.
[39] Ratnayake N P, Puswewala U G A, Chaminda S P, et al. Evaluation of the potential of sea sand as an alternative to river sand for concrete production in Sri Lanka[J]. Journal of Geological Society of Sri Lanka, 2014, 16: 109-117.
[40] Girish C G, Tensing D, Priya K L. Dredged offshore sand as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete[J]. International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Emerging Technologies, 2015, 8(3): 88-95.
[41] Naidu G D R, Prasad A R, Ramlal S. Effect of sea water on strength of concrete made by river sand and sea sand (Article)[J]. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 2019, 8(3): 2999-3002.
[42] Li Y T, Zhou L, Jiang M, et al. Experimental study on mechanical property of concrete based on seawater and sea sand[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 641/642(1): 574-577.
[43] Olutoge F A, Modupeola A G. The effect of seawater on shrinkage properties of concrete[J]. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2014, 2(10): 1-12.
[44] 姚惠红.海砂混凝土的力学及耐久性能研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2011.
[45] Mohammed T U, Hamada H. Relationship between free chloride and total chloride contents in concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2003, 33(9): 1487-1490.
[46] Ipavec A, Vuk T, Gabrovsek R, et al. Chloride binding into hydrated blended cements: the influence of limestone and alkalinity [J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2013, 48: 74-85.
[47] 王小刚,史才军,何富强,等.氯离子结合及其对水泥基材料微观结构的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2013,41(2):187-198.
[48] Yang Z Q, Gao Y, Mu S, et al. Improving the chloride binding capacity of cement paste by adding nano-Al₂O₃[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 195: 415-422.
[49] 刘军,董必钦,邢锋,等.海砂氯离子与水泥胶体结合的模拟实验与结合机理[J].硅酸盐学报,2009,37(5):862-866+876.
[50] 刘军,邢锋,董必钦,等.模拟海砂混凝土中氯离子扩散研究[J].混凝土,2008(3):33-35.
[51] 刘军,邢锋,董必钦,等.海砂型氯离子在混凝土中扩散的微观形貌分析[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2007(6):15-17.
[52] 邢锋,刘军,董必钦,等.海砂型氯离子与水泥胶体的结合和机理[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(s2):167-172.
[53] 董必钦,刘伟,马红岩,等.海砂砂浆水化过程的电化学阻抗谱研究[J].建筑材料学报,2013,16(2):306-309+320.
[54] Glass G K, Buenfeld N R. The influence of chloride binding on the chloride induced corrosion risk in reinforced concrete[J]. Corrosion Science, 2000, 42(2): 329-344.
[55] Ramachandran V S. Possible states of chloride in the hydration of tricalcium silicate in the presence of calcium chloride [J]. Matériaux et Construction, 1971, 4(1): 3-12.
[56] Tang L P, Nilsson L O. Chloride binding capacity and binding isotherms of OPC pastes and mortars [J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1993, 23(2): 247-253.
[57] Cheewaket T, Jaturapitakkul C, Chalee W. Long term performance of chloride binding capacity in fly ash concrete in a marine environment[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2010, 24(8): 1352-1357.
[58] Luo R, Cai Y B, Wang C Y, et al. Study of chloride binding and diffusion in GGBS concrete[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2003, 33(1): 1-7.
[59] Zhu Z Y, Chu H Q, Guo M Z, et al. Effect of silica fume and fly ash on the stability of bound chlorides in cement mortar during electrochemical chloride extraction[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 256: 119481.
[60] Feng L, Zhao P, Wang Z J, et al. Improvement of mechanical properties and chloride ion penetration resistance of cement pastes with the addition of pre-dispersed silica fume[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 182: 483-492.
[61] Lambert P, Page C L, Short N R. Pore solution chemistry of the hydrated system tricalcium silicate/sodium chloride/water[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1985, 15(4): 675-680.
[62] Shi Z G, Shui Z H, Li Q, et al. Combined effect of metakaolin and sea water on performance and microstructures of concrete[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 74: 57-64.
[63] Li Q, Geng H N, Huang Y, et al. Chloride resistance of concrete with metakaolin addition and seawater mixing: a comparative study[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 101: 184-192.
[64] Yi C, Ma H Q, Zhu H G, et al. Study on chloride binding capability of coal gangue based cementitious materials[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 167: 649-656.
[65] 李薛忠.基于钢筋锈蚀的海工混凝土结构耐久性能研究[D].镇江:江苏科技大学,2019.
[66] Xia J, Cheng X, Liu Q F, et al. Effect of the stirrup on the transport of chloride ions during electrochemical chloride removal in concrete structures[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 250: 118898.
[67] 苏卿,陈艾荣,赵铁军.淡化海砂混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀特征[J].新型建筑材料,2012,39(8):48-52+55.
[68] 马红岩,邢锋,董必钦,等.海砂混凝土中钢筋锈蚀特性的电化学表征研究[J].混凝土,2007(7):20-23.
[69] Wang G, Wu Q, Li X Z, et al. Microscopic analysis of steel corrosion products in seawater and sea-sand concrete[J]. Materials, 2019, 12(20): 3330.
[70] Wu Q, Li X Z, Xu J, et al. Size distribution model and development characteristics of corrosion pits in concrete under two curing methods[J]. Materials, 2019, 12(11): 1846.
[71] Dias W P S, Seneviratne G A P S N, Nanayakkara S M A. Offshore sand for reinforced concrete [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2008, 22(7): 1377-1384.
[72] 宋旭艳,姜正平,韩静云,等.海砂混凝土中钢筋锈蚀情况研究[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2019(9):19-23.
[73] Mohammed T U, Hamada H, Yamaji T. Performance of seawater-mixed concrete in the tidal environment [J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004, 34(4): 593-601.
[74] 赵文成,潭进财,杨景鼎.海砂用于混凝土构造物耐久性研究及使用管理[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(s2):160-166.
[75] Xu C X, Ou Z W, Zhou J L, et al. Investigation on protectional ability on steel bar of compound corrosion inhibitor applied in seawater-and-sea sand concrete [J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2011, 71-78: 864-870.
[76] 周俊龙,欧忠文,江世永,等.掺阻锈剂掺合料海水海砂混凝土护筋性探讨[J].建筑材料学报,2012,15(1):69-74.
[77] 张航,陈国福,宋开伟,等.适用于海水海砂混凝土阻锈剂的作用机理[J].材料导报,2014,28(20):116-121.
[78] 杨长辉,张航,欧忠文,等.适用于海水海砂混凝土的阻锈剂[J].混凝土,2010(11):69-72.
[79] Pan C G, Li X, Mao J H. The effect of a corrosion inhibitor on the rehabilitation of reinforced concrete containing sea sand and seawater[J]. Materials, 2020, 13(6): 1480.
[80] Li T Y, Liu X Y, Zhang Y M, et al. Preparation of sea water sea sand high performance concrete (SHPC) and serving performance study in marine environment[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 254: 119114.
[81] Teng J G, Xiang Y, Yu T, et al. Development and mechanical behaviour of ultra-high-performance seawater sea-sand concrete[J]. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2019, 22(14): 3100-3120.
[82] Yin H G, Li Y, Lv H L, et al. Durability of sea-sand containing concrete: effects of chloride ion penetration[J]. Mining Science and Technology, 2011, 21(1): 123-127.
[83] Li H, Farzadnia N, Shi C J. The role of seawater in interaction of slag and silica fume with cement in low water-to-binder ratio pastes at the early age of hydration[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 185: 508-518.
[84] 张航.适用于海水海砂混凝土的阻锈剂研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2010.
[85] Guo F, Al-Saadi S, Singh Raman R K, et al. Durability of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) in simulated seawater sea sand concrete (SWSSC) environment[J]. Corrosion science, 2018, 141: 1-13.
[86] Li Y L, Zhao X L, Raman R K S. Mechanical properties of seawater and sea sand concrete-filled FRP tubes in artificial seawater[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 191(10): 977-993.
[87] Wang Z K, Zhao X L, Xian G, et al. Long-term durability of basalt- and glass-fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP/GFRP) bars in seawater and sea sand concrete environment[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2017, 139: 467-489.