BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2919-2931.DOI: 10.16552/j.cnki.issn1001-1625.2026.0118
• Functional Materials • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHAO Zeqian1,2(
), LI Yutong1,2, LI Jiangong1,2, ZHANG Xiaosheng1,2, LI Xiangyuan3, BAO Weiren1,2, DU Zhenyi1,2, QIN Zhifeng1,2(
)
Received:2026-02-02
Revised:2026-03-02
Online:2026-08-15
Published:2026-09-01
Contact:
QIN Zhifeng
CLC Number:
ZHAO Zeqian, LI Yutong, LI Jiangong, ZHANG Xiaosheng, LI Xiangyuan, BAO Weiren, DU Zhenyi, QIN Zhifeng. Progress in Synthesis and Applications of Vaterite-Type Calcium Carbonate[J]. BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY, 2026, 45(8): 2919-2931.
| Parameter | Calcite | Aragonite | Vaterite | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crystal system | Trigonal | Orthorhombic | Hexagonal | |
| lg Ksp | -8.48 | -7.91 | -8.34 | |
| Density/(g·cm-3) | 2.71 | 2.66 | 2.93 | |
| Lattice parameter | a | 4.99 | 4.13 | 4.96 |
| b | 4.99 | 4.13 | 7.96 | |
| c | 17.06 | 8.84 | 3.37 | |
Table 1 Parameters of calcium carbonate crystal with different crystal forms[6]
| Parameter | Calcite | Aragonite | Vaterite | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crystal system | Trigonal | Orthorhombic | Hexagonal | |
| lg Ksp | -8.48 | -7.91 | -8.34 | |
| Density/(g·cm-3) | 2.71 | 2.66 | 2.93 | |
| Lattice parameter | a | 4.99 | 4.13 | 4.96 |
| b | 4.99 | 4.13 | 7.96 | |
| c | 17.06 | 8.84 | 3.37 | |
| 反应体系 | 条件 | 优点 | 缺点 | 文献 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 添加剂 | pH值 | 温度/℃ | 其他条件 | ||||
| Ca2+-H2O- | 聚丙烯酸,藻酸双酯钠 | — | 80 | 聚丙烯酸添加量3.0 g/L,藻酸双酯钠添加量3.6 g/L,搅拌速率600 r/min | 原料易得,操作简单,形貌可调控,产品白度高 | 颗粒大小不均匀,反应条件敏感 | [ |
| 乙二醇 | 9.0 | 25 | [Ca2+]=[CO32-]=0.05 mol/L | [ | |||
| 乙二醇 | 8.0~13.0 | 23 | [Ca2+]∶[CO32-]=5∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3 | [ | |||
| Ca(OH)2-H2O-CO2体系 | 尿素 | — | 150 | 高压CO2(12 MPa) [Ca(OH)2]∶[尿素]=1∶6 | 成本较低,工艺流程简单 | 反应时间长,调控有限,需在碱性条件下反应 | [ |
| 甘氨酸(Gly) | — | 25 | CO2鼓泡速率0.005 mol·min-1,[Ca(OH)2]∶[Gly]=1∶(0~2) | [ | |||
| 甘氨酸(Gly) | — | 25 | CO2鼓泡速率200 mL min-1, Gly添加量5%、10%、15%、20%、40%(质量分数) | [ | |||
| Ca2+-R- | 异丙醇(IPA) | 11.5 | 25 | 5%(体积分数)CO2/N2,250 mL·min-1,30%~60%(质量分数)IPA | 尺寸可控,操作简单,高纯度 | 工艺复杂,成本高,有机物难去除 | [ |
| 甲醇、乙醇、丙醇 | — | 室温 | [Ca2+]=[CO32-]=0.5 mol/L 钙源溶于甲醇、乙醇、丙醇 | [ | |||
| 吐温-80,司班-80 | — | 22 | 超声振幅25%、30%、35%、40% | [ | |||
Table 2 Conditions, advantages and disadvantages of different reaction systems for preparation of vaterite
| 反应体系 | 条件 | 优点 | 缺点 | 文献 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 添加剂 | pH值 | 温度/℃ | 其他条件 | ||||
| Ca2+-H2O- | 聚丙烯酸,藻酸双酯钠 | — | 80 | 聚丙烯酸添加量3.0 g/L,藻酸双酯钠添加量3.6 g/L,搅拌速率600 r/min | 原料易得,操作简单,形貌可调控,产品白度高 | 颗粒大小不均匀,反应条件敏感 | [ |
| 乙二醇 | 9.0 | 25 | [Ca2+]=[CO32-]=0.05 mol/L | [ | |||
| 乙二醇 | 8.0~13.0 | 23 | [Ca2+]∶[CO32-]=5∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3 | [ | |||
| Ca(OH)2-H2O-CO2体系 | 尿素 | — | 150 | 高压CO2(12 MPa) [Ca(OH)2]∶[尿素]=1∶6 | 成本较低,工艺流程简单 | 反应时间长,调控有限,需在碱性条件下反应 | [ |
| 甘氨酸(Gly) | — | 25 | CO2鼓泡速率0.005 mol·min-1,[Ca(OH)2]∶[Gly]=1∶(0~2) | [ | |||
| 甘氨酸(Gly) | — | 25 | CO2鼓泡速率200 mL min-1, Gly添加量5%、10%、15%、20%、40%(质量分数) | [ | |||
| Ca2+-R- | 异丙醇(IPA) | 11.5 | 25 | 5%(体积分数)CO2/N2,250 mL·min-1,30%~60%(质量分数)IPA | 尺寸可控,操作简单,高纯度 | 工艺复杂,成本高,有机物难去除 | [ |
| 甲醇、乙醇、丙醇 | — | 室温 | [Ca2+]=[CO32-]=0.5 mol/L 钙源溶于甲醇、乙醇、丙醇 | [ | |||
| 吐温-80,司班-80 | — | 22 | 超声振幅25%、30%、35%、40% | [ | |||
| System | Expression | Temperature range/℃ | Solubility(25 ℃)/(mg·L-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcite | lg Ksp=-171.906 5-0.077 993T+2 839.319/T+71.595 lg T | 0~90 | 12.29 |
| Aragonite | lg Ksp=-171.977 3-0.077 993T+2 903.293/T+71.595 lg T | 0~90 | 14.20 |
| Vaterite | lg Ksp=-172.129 5-0.077 993 3T+3 074.688/T+71.595 lg T | 0~90 | 22.22 |
Table 3 Relationship between solubility and temperature of anhydrous CaCO3 crystal form[47]
| System | Expression | Temperature range/℃ | Solubility(25 ℃)/(mg·L-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcite | lg Ksp=-171.906 5-0.077 993T+2 839.319/T+71.595 lg T | 0~90 | 12.29 |
| Aragonite | lg Ksp=-171.977 3-0.077 993T+2 903.293/T+71.595 lg T | 0~90 | 14.20 |
| Vaterite | lg Ksp=-172.129 5-0.077 993 3T+3 074.688/T+71.595 lg T | 0~90 | 22.22 |
| 影响因素 | 调控对象 | 典型现象/规律 | 作用机制 | 代表性研究 | 文献 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温度 | 成核、生长和相变速率, 粒径,形貌 | 升温通常加快溶解-再结晶与相转化,高温更易使球霰石转化为方解石并伴随粒径增大 | 动力学加快,离子活度与有效过饱和度发生变化,相变势垒更小 | 中低温下可形成多孔球霰石,温度大于60 ℃时球霰石向方解石转化显著加快且粒径增大 | [ | |
| pH值 | 相变速率,粒径,形貌 | pH值变化调节溶液中 | 离子活度与有效过饱和度发生变化 | 高反应浓度下,高初始pH值更易生成球霰石;低反应浓度下,低初始pH值更利于球霰石形成 | [ | |
| 添加剂 | 无机盐离子 | 晶型选择,离子浓度,化学平衡 | 无机盐离子与钙离子竞争吸附进入晶格改变晶格结构和能量 | 生长和相变速率发生变化,界面吸附竞争增大 | K+吸附在特定晶面改变晶格结构和能量,有利于球霰石的生成,随着浓度增加,球霰石颗粒增大抑制团聚 | [ |
| 有机酸类 | 晶型选择,络合作用,生长与相变速率 | 羟基络合钙离子,选择性吸附特定晶面,降低界面能稳定晶型 | 与Ca2+络合降低离子活度,晶面选择性吸附,界面能调控 | 己二酸调控吸附层-水接触行为,影响球霰石生成:高浓度条件下,吸附层通过氢键作用阻碍水分子接近ACC颗粒表面,延缓晶型转化,低浓度则诱导形成大尺寸球霰石 | [ | |
| 糖类 | 络合作用,生长与相变速率 | 醇羟基络合钙离子,与水分子形成氢键减少游离水,抑制溶解-再结晶 | 与Ca2+络合降低离子活度,结合水分子,晶面选择性吸附 | 高浓度蔗糖可合成亚微米及纳米级球霰石;其与水分子形成氢键减少游离水,抑制球霰石经溶解-再结晶向方解石转化 | [ | |
| 醇类 | 成核速率,竞争溶剂化 | 改变离子溶剂化结构和粒子分布,改变晶体界面能 | 降低离子去溶剂化能,改变晶体界面能 | 异丙醇与晶面之间的强相互作用促进ACC向球霰石转化,且能诱导形成暴露(001)晶面,生成微盘状球霰石 | [ | |
| 蛋白质/多肽类 | 络合作用,生长与相变速率,粒径,形貌 | 螯合钙离子并诱导非均相成核,吸附在晶体表面抑制方解石的生长与转化 | 与Ca2+螯合降低离子活度,晶面选择性吸附 | 聚天冬氨酸(PASP)晶型调控具有链长依赖性:链长增加对方解石生长的抑制作用更强,促进向球霰石转化,提升占比并细化粒径 | [ | |
| 表面活性剂 | 粒径,形貌,生长与相变速率 | 晶面选择性吸附调控成核与晶体生长 | 界面选择性吸附,分散作用 | PAA、SDBS协同调控CaCO3晶型:提升PAA浓度可提升球霰石稳定性,提高SDBS浓度能增加球霰石占比 | [ | |
Table 4 Main influencing factors and regulation patterns of formation and stabilization of vaterite
| 影响因素 | 调控对象 | 典型现象/规律 | 作用机制 | 代表性研究 | 文献 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 温度 | 成核、生长和相变速率, 粒径,形貌 | 升温通常加快溶解-再结晶与相转化,高温更易使球霰石转化为方解石并伴随粒径增大 | 动力学加快,离子活度与有效过饱和度发生变化,相变势垒更小 | 中低温下可形成多孔球霰石,温度大于60 ℃时球霰石向方解石转化显著加快且粒径增大 | [ | |
| pH值 | 相变速率,粒径,形貌 | pH值变化调节溶液中 | 离子活度与有效过饱和度发生变化 | 高反应浓度下,高初始pH值更易生成球霰石;低反应浓度下,低初始pH值更利于球霰石形成 | [ | |
| 添加剂 | 无机盐离子 | 晶型选择,离子浓度,化学平衡 | 无机盐离子与钙离子竞争吸附进入晶格改变晶格结构和能量 | 生长和相变速率发生变化,界面吸附竞争增大 | K+吸附在特定晶面改变晶格结构和能量,有利于球霰石的生成,随着浓度增加,球霰石颗粒增大抑制团聚 | [ |
| 有机酸类 | 晶型选择,络合作用,生长与相变速率 | 羟基络合钙离子,选择性吸附特定晶面,降低界面能稳定晶型 | 与Ca2+络合降低离子活度,晶面选择性吸附,界面能调控 | 己二酸调控吸附层-水接触行为,影响球霰石生成:高浓度条件下,吸附层通过氢键作用阻碍水分子接近ACC颗粒表面,延缓晶型转化,低浓度则诱导形成大尺寸球霰石 | [ | |
| 糖类 | 络合作用,生长与相变速率 | 醇羟基络合钙离子,与水分子形成氢键减少游离水,抑制溶解-再结晶 | 与Ca2+络合降低离子活度,结合水分子,晶面选择性吸附 | 高浓度蔗糖可合成亚微米及纳米级球霰石;其与水分子形成氢键减少游离水,抑制球霰石经溶解-再结晶向方解石转化 | [ | |
| 醇类 | 成核速率,竞争溶剂化 | 改变离子溶剂化结构和粒子分布,改变晶体界面能 | 降低离子去溶剂化能,改变晶体界面能 | 异丙醇与晶面之间的强相互作用促进ACC向球霰石转化,且能诱导形成暴露(001)晶面,生成微盘状球霰石 | [ | |
| 蛋白质/多肽类 | 络合作用,生长与相变速率,粒径,形貌 | 螯合钙离子并诱导非均相成核,吸附在晶体表面抑制方解石的生长与转化 | 与Ca2+螯合降低离子活度,晶面选择性吸附 | 聚天冬氨酸(PASP)晶型调控具有链长依赖性:链长增加对方解石生长的抑制作用更强,促进向球霰石转化,提升占比并细化粒径 | [ | |
| 表面活性剂 | 粒径,形貌,生长与相变速率 | 晶面选择性吸附调控成核与晶体生长 | 界面选择性吸附,分散作用 | PAA、SDBS协同调控CaCO3晶型:提升PAA浓度可提升球霰石稳定性,提高SDBS浓度能增加球霰石占比 | [ | |
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